1 files changed, 4226 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/libusb-1.0/libusb/os/windows_usb.c b/libusb-1.0/libusb/os/windows_usb.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ad6229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libusb-1.0/libusb/os/windows_usb.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4226 @@
+/*
+ * windows backend for libusb 1.0
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Pete Batard <pbatard@gmail.com>
+ * With contributions from Michael Plante, Orin Eman et al.
+ * Parts of this code adapted from libusb-win32-v1 by Stephan Meyer
+ * HID Reports IOCTLs inspired from HIDAPI by Alan Ott, Signal 11 Software
+ * Hash table functions adapted from glibc, by Ulrich Drepper et al.
+ * Major code testing contribution by Xiaofan Chen
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+// COMPILATION OPTIONS:
+// - Should libusb automatically claim (and release) the interfaces it requires?
+#define AUTO_CLAIM
+// - Forces instant overlapped completion on timeouts: can prevents extensive
+//   wait in poll, after a timeout, but might affect subsequent API calls.
+//   ***USE AT YOUR OWN RISKS***
+//#define FORCE_INSTANT_TIMEOUTS
+
+// TODO: move all the assertion failures to usbi_err
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <setupapi.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <process.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <objbase.h>
+#include <winioctl.h>
+
+#include <libusbi.h>
+#include "poll_windows.h"
+#include "windows_usb.h"
+
+// The following prevents "banned API" errors when using the MS's WDK OACR/Prefast
+#if defined(_PREFAST_)
+#pragma warning(disable:28719)
+#endif
+
+// The 2 macros below are used in conjunction with safe loops.
+#define LOOP_CHECK(fcall) { r=fcall; if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) continue; }
+#define LOOP_BREAK(err) { r=err; continue; }
+
+extern void usbi_fd_notification(struct libusb_context *ctx);
+
+// Helper prototypes
+static int windows_get_active_config_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev, unsigned char *buffer, size_t len, int *host_endian);
+static int windows_clock_gettime(int clk_id, struct timespec *tp);
+unsigned __stdcall windows_clock_gettime_threaded(void* param);
+// HUB (limited) API prototypes
+static int hub_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static void hub_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+// WinUSB API prototypes
+static int winusb_init(struct libusb_context *ctx);
+static int winusb_exit(void);
+static int winusb_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static void winusb_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static int winusb_configure_endpoints(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface);
+static int winusb_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface);
+static int winusb_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface);
+static int winusb_submit_control_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int winusb_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface, int altsetting);
+static int winusb_submit_bulk_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int winusb_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint);
+static int winusb_abort_transfers(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int winusb_abort_control(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int winusb_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static int winusb_copy_transfer_data(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, uint32_t io_size);
+// HID API prototypes
+static int hid_init(struct libusb_context *ctx);
+static int hid_exit(void);
+static int hid_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static void hid_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static int hid_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface);
+static int hid_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface);
+static int hid_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface, int altsetting);
+static int hid_submit_control_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int hid_submit_bulk_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int hid_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint);
+static int hid_abort_transfers(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int hid_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static int hid_copy_transfer_data(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, uint32_t io_size);
+// Composite API prototypes
+static int composite_init(struct libusb_context *ctx);
+static int composite_exit(void);
+static int composite_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static void composite_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static int composite_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface);
+static int composite_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface, int altsetting);
+static int composite_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface);
+static int composite_submit_control_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int composite_submit_bulk_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int composite_submit_iso_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int composite_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint);
+static int composite_abort_transfers(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int composite_abort_control(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer);
+static int composite_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle);
+static int composite_copy_transfer_data(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, uint32_t io_size);
+
+// Workaround for MinGW-w64 multilib bug
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_WIN64)
+#define INIT_INTERLOCKEDEXCHANGE
+#define INIT_INTERLOCKEDINCREMENT
+#define pInterlockedExchange InterlockedExchange
+#define pInterlockedIncrement InterlockedIncrement
+#else
+static LONG (WINAPI *pInterlockedExchange)(LONG volatile *, LONG) = NULL;
+#define INIT_INTERLOCKEDEXCHANGE if (pInterlockedExchange == NULL) {		\
+	pInterlockedExchange = (LONG (WINAPI *)(LONG volatile *, LONG))			\
+		GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("KERNEL32"), "InterlockedExchange");	\
+	if (pInterlockedExchange == NULL) {										\
+		usbi_err(NULL, "InterlockedExchange is unavailable");				\
+		return 1;															\
+	}																		\
+}
+static LONG (WINAPI *pInterlockedIncrement)(LONG volatile *) = NULL;
+#define INIT_INTERLOCKEDINCREMENT if (pInterlockedIncrement == NULL) {		\
+	pInterlockedIncrement = (LONG (WINAPI *)(LONG volatile *))				\
+		GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("KERNEL32"), "InterlockedIncrement");\
+	if (pInterlockedIncrement == NULL) {									\
+		usbi_err(NULL, "IInterlockedIncrement is unavailable");				\
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;										\
+	}																		\
+}
+#endif
+
+// Global variables
+uint64_t hires_frequency, hires_ticks_to_ps;
+const uint64_t epoch_time = UINT64_C(116444736000000000);	// 1970.01.01 00:00:000 in MS Filetime
+enum windows_version windows_version = WINDOWS_UNSUPPORTED;
+// Concurrency
+static int concurrent_usage = -1;
+#if defined(AUTO_CLAIM)
+usbi_mutex_t autoclaim_lock;
+#endif
+// Timer thread
+// NB: index 0 is for monotonic and 1 is for the thread exit event
+HANDLE timer_thread = NULL;
+HANDLE timer_mutex = NULL;
+struct timespec timer_tp;
+volatile LONG request_count[2] = {0, 1};	// last one must be > 0
+HANDLE timer_request[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+HANDLE timer_response = NULL;
+// API globals
+bool api_winusb_available = false;
+#define CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE do { if (!api_winusb_available) return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS; } while (0)
+bool api_hid_available = false;
+#define CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE do { if (!api_hid_available) return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS; } while (0)
+
+static inline BOOLEAN guid_eq(const GUID *guid1, const GUID *guid2) {
+	if ((guid1 != NULL) && (guid2 != NULL)) {
+		return (memcmp(guid1, guid2, sizeof(GUID)) == 0);
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+#if defined(ENABLE_DEBUG_LOGGING) || defined(INCLUDE_DEBUG_LOGGING)
+static char* guid_to_string(const GUID* guid)
+{
+	static char guid_string[MAX_GUID_STRING_LENGTH];
+
+	if (guid == NULL) return NULL;
+	sprintf(guid_string, "{%08X-%04X-%04X-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X}",
+		(unsigned int)guid->Data1, guid->Data2, guid->Data3,
+		guid->Data4[0], guid->Data4[1], guid->Data4[2], guid->Data4[3],
+		guid->Data4[4], guid->Data4[5], guid->Data4[6], guid->Data4[7]);
+	return guid_string;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Converts a windows error to human readable string
+ * uses retval as errorcode, or, if 0, use GetLastError()
+ */
+static char *windows_error_str(uint32_t retval)
+{
+static char err_string[ERR_BUFFER_SIZE];
+
+	DWORD size;
+	size_t i;
+	uint32_t error_code, format_error;
+
+	error_code = retval?retval:GetLastError();
+
+	safe_sprintf(err_string, ERR_BUFFER_SIZE, "[%d] ", error_code);
+
+	size = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, NULL, error_code,
+		MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), &err_string[safe_strlen(err_string)],
+		ERR_BUFFER_SIZE - (DWORD)safe_strlen(err_string), NULL);
+	if (size == 0) {
+		format_error = GetLastError();
+		if (format_error)
+			safe_sprintf(err_string, ERR_BUFFER_SIZE,
+				"Windows error code %u (FormatMessage error code %u)", error_code, format_error);
+		else
+			safe_sprintf(err_string, ERR_BUFFER_SIZE, "Unknown error code %u", error_code);
+	} else {
+		// Remove CR/LF terminators
+		for (i=safe_strlen(err_string)-1; ((err_string[i]==0x0A) || (err_string[i]==0x0D)); i--) {
+			err_string[i] = 0;
+		}
+	}
+	return err_string;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sanitize Microsoft's paths: convert to uppercase, add prefix and fix backslashes.
+ * Return an allocated sanitized string or NULL on error.
+ */
+static char* sanitize_path(const char* path)
+{
+	const char root_prefix[] = "\\\\.\\";
+	size_t j, size, root_size;
+	char* ret_path = NULL;
+	size_t add_root = 0;
+
+	if (path == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	size = safe_strlen(path)+1;
+	root_size = sizeof(root_prefix)-1;
+
+	// Microsoft indiscriminatly uses '\\?\', '\\.\', '##?#" or "##.#" for root prefixes.
+	if (!((size > 3) && (((path[0] == '\\') && (path[1] == '\\') && (path[3] == '\\')) ||
+		((path[0] == '#') && (path[1] == '#') && (path[3] == '#'))))) {
+		add_root = root_size;
+		size += add_root;
+	}
+
+	if ((ret_path = (char*)calloc(size, 1)) == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	safe_strcpy(&ret_path[add_root], size-add_root, path);
+
+	// Ensure consistancy with root prefix
+	for (j=0; j<root_size; j++)
+		ret_path[j] = root_prefix[j];
+
+	// Same goes for '\' and '#' after the root prefix. Ensure '#' is used
+	for(j=root_size; j<size; j++) {
+		ret_path[j] = (char)toupper((int)ret_path[j]);	// Fix case too
+		if (ret_path[j] == '\\')
+			ret_path[j] = '#';
+	}
+
+	return ret_path;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Cfgmgr32, OLE32 and SetupAPI DLL functions
+ */
+static int init_dlls(void)
+{
+	DLL_LOAD(Cfgmgr32.dll, CM_Get_Parent, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(Cfgmgr32.dll, CM_Get_Child, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(Cfgmgr32.dll, CM_Get_Sibling, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(Cfgmgr32.dll, CM_Get_Device_IDA, TRUE);
+	// Prefixed to avoid conflict with header files
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(OLE32.dll, p, CLSIDFromString, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(SetupAPI.dll, p, SetupDiGetClassDevsA, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(SetupAPI.dll, p, SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(SetupAPI.dll, p, SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(SetupAPI.dll, p, SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(SetupAPI.dll, p, SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(SetupAPI.dll, p, SetupDiOpenDevRegKey, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(SetupAPI.dll, p, SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(AdvAPI32.dll, p, RegQueryValueExW, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD_PREFIXED(AdvAPI32.dll, p, RegCloseKey, TRUE);
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * enumerate interfaces for the whole USB class
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ * dev_info: a pointer to a dev_info list
+ * dev_info_data: a pointer to an SP_DEVINFO_DATA to be filled (or NULL if not needed)
+ * guid: the GUID for which to retrieve interface details
+ * index: zero based index of the interface in the device info list
+ *
+ * Note: it is the responsibility of the caller to free the DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA
+ * structure returned and call this function repeatedly using the same guid (with an
+ * incremented index starting at zero) until all interfaces have been returned.
+ */
+bool get_devinfo_data(struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	HDEVINFO *dev_info, SP_DEVINFO_DATA *dev_info_data, unsigned _index)
+{
+	if (_index <= 0) {
+		*dev_info = pSetupDiGetClassDevsA(NULL, "USB", NULL, DIGCF_PRESENT|DIGCF_ALLCLASSES);
+		if (*dev_info == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	dev_info_data->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA);
+	if (!pSetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(*dev_info, _index, dev_info_data)) {
+		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "Could not obtain device info data for index %u: %s",
+				_index, windows_error_str(0));
+		}
+		pSetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(*dev_info);
+		*dev_info = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * enumerate interfaces for a specific GUID
+ *
+ * Parameters:
+ * dev_info: a pointer to a dev_info list
+ * dev_info_data: a pointer to an SP_DEVINFO_DATA to be filled (or NULL if not needed)
+ * guid: the GUID for which to retrieve interface details
+ * index: zero based index of the interface in the device info list
+ *
+ * Note: it is the responsibility of the caller to free the DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA
+ * structure returned and call this function repeatedly using the same guid (with an
+ * incremented index starting at zero) until all interfaces have been returned.
+ */
+SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_A *get_interface_details(struct libusb_context *ctx,
+	HDEVINFO *dev_info, SP_DEVINFO_DATA *dev_info_data, const GUID* guid, unsigned _index)
+{
+	SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA dev_interface_data;
+	SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_A *dev_interface_details = NULL;
+	DWORD size;
+
+	if (_index <= 0) {
+		*dev_info = pSetupDiGetClassDevsA(guid, NULL, NULL, DIGCF_PRESENT|DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
+	}
+
+	if (dev_info_data != NULL) {
+		dev_info_data->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA);
+		if (!pSetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(*dev_info, _index, dev_info_data)) {
+			if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS) {
+				usbi_err(ctx, "Could not obtain device info data for index %u: %s",
+					_index, windows_error_str(0));
+			}
+			pSetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(*dev_info);
+			*dev_info = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	dev_interface_data.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA);
+	if (!pSetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(*dev_info, NULL, guid, _index, &dev_interface_data)) {
+		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "Could not obtain interface data for index %u: %s",
+				_index, windows_error_str(0));
+		}
+		pSetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(*dev_info);
+		*dev_info = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	// Read interface data (dummy + actual) to access the device path
+	if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA(*dev_info, &dev_interface_data, NULL, 0, &size, NULL)) {
+		// The dummy call should fail with ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER
+		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not access interface data (dummy) for index %u: %s",
+				_index, windows_error_str(0));
+			goto err_exit;
+		}
+	} else {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms792901.aspx is wrong.");
+		goto err_exit;
+	}
+
+	if ((dev_interface_details = malloc(size)) == NULL) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate interface data for index %u.", _index);
+		goto err_exit;
+	}
+
+	dev_interface_details->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_A);
+	if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA(*dev_info, &dev_interface_data,
+		dev_interface_details, size, &size, NULL)) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "could not access interface data (actual) for index %u: %s",
+			_index, windows_error_str(0));
+	}
+
+	return dev_interface_details;
+
+err_exit:
+	pSetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(*dev_info);
+	*dev_info = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Hash table functions - modified From glibc 2.3.2:
+   [Aho,Sethi,Ullman] Compilers: Principles, Techniques and Tools, 1986
+   [Knuth]            The Art of Computer Programming, part 3 (6.4)  */
+typedef struct htab_entry {
+	unsigned long used;
+	char* str;
+} htab_entry;
+htab_entry* htab_table = NULL;
+usbi_mutex_t htab_write_mutex = NULL;
+unsigned long htab_size, htab_filled;
+
+/* For the used double hash method the table size has to be a prime. To
+   correct the user given table size we need a prime test.  This trivial
+   algorithm is adequate because the code is called only during init and
+   the number is likely to be small  */
+static int isprime(unsigned long number)
+{
+	// no even number will be passed
+	unsigned int divider = 3;
+
+	while((divider * divider < number) && (number % divider != 0))
+		divider += 2;
+
+	return (number % divider != 0);
+}
+
+/* Before using the hash table we must allocate memory for it.
+   We allocate one element more as the found prime number says.
+   This is done for more effective indexing as explained in the
+   comment for the hash function.  */
+int htab_create(struct libusb_context *ctx, unsigned long nel)
+{
+	if (htab_table != NULL) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "hash table already allocated");
+	}
+
+	// Create a mutex
+	usbi_mutex_init(&htab_write_mutex, NULL);
+
+	// Change nel to the first prime number not smaller as nel.
+	nel |= 1;
+	while(!isprime(nel))
+		nel += 2;
+
+	htab_size = nel;
+	usbi_dbg("using %d entries hash table", nel);
+	htab_filled = 0;
+
+	// allocate memory and zero out.
+	htab_table = (htab_entry*)calloc(htab_size + 1, sizeof(htab_entry));
+	if (htab_table == NULL) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate space for hash table");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* After using the hash table it has to be destroyed.  */
+void htab_destroy(void)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	if (htab_table == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<htab_size; i++) {
+		if (htab_table[i].used) {
+			safe_free(htab_table[i].str);
+		}
+	}
+	usbi_mutex_destroy(&htab_write_mutex);
+	safe_free(htab_table);
+}
+
+/* This is the search function. It uses double hashing with open addressing.
+   We use an trick to speed up the lookup. The table is created with one
+   more element available. This enables us to use the index zero special.
+   This index will never be used because we store the first hash index in
+   the field used where zero means not used. Every other value means used.
+   The used field can be used as a first fast comparison for equality of
+   the stored and the parameter value. This helps to prevent unnecessary
+   expensive calls of strcmp.  */
+unsigned long htab_hash(char* str)
+{
+	unsigned long hval, hval2;
+	unsigned long idx;
+	unsigned long r = 5381;
+	int c;
+	char* sz = str;
+
+	// Compute main hash value (algorithm suggested by Nokia)
+	while ((c = *sz++))
+		r = ((r << 5) + r) + c;
+	if (r == 0)
+		++r;
+
+	// compute table hash: simply take the modulus
+	hval = r % htab_size;
+	if (hval == 0)
+		++hval;
+
+	// Try the first index
+	idx = hval;
+
+	if (htab_table[idx].used) {
+		if ( (htab_table[idx].used == hval)
+		  && (safe_strcmp(str, htab_table[idx].str) == 0) ) {
+			// existing hash
+			return idx;
+		}
+		usbi_dbg("hash collision ('%s' vs '%s')", str, htab_table[idx].str);
+
+		// Second hash function, as suggested in [Knuth]
+		hval2 = 1 + hval % (htab_size - 2);
+
+		do {
+			// Because size is prime this guarantees to step through all available indexes
+			if (idx <= hval2) {
+				idx = htab_size + idx - hval2;
+			} else {
+				idx -= hval2;
+			}
+
+			// If we visited all entries leave the loop unsuccessfully
+			if (idx == hval) {
+				break;
+			}
+
+			// If entry is found use it.
+			if ( (htab_table[idx].used == hval)
+			  && (safe_strcmp(str, htab_table[idx].str) == 0) ) {
+				return idx;
+			}
+		}
+		while (htab_table[idx].used);
+	}
+
+	// Not found => New entry
+
+	// If the table is full return an error
+	if (htab_filled >= htab_size) {
+		usbi_err(NULL, "hash table is full (%d entries)", htab_size);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	// Concurrent threads might be storing the same entry at the same time
+	// (eg. "simultaneous" enums from different threads) => use a mutex
+	usbi_mutex_lock(&htab_write_mutex);
+	// Just free any previously allocated string (which should be the same as
+	// new one). The possibility of concurrent threads storing a collision
+	// string (same hash, different string) at the same time is extremely low
+	safe_free(htab_table[idx].str);
+	htab_table[idx].used = hval;
+	htab_table[idx].str = malloc(safe_strlen(str)+1);
+	if (htab_table[idx].str == NULL) {
+		usbi_err(NULL, "could not duplicate string for hash table");
+		usbi_mutex_unlock(&htab_write_mutex);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	memcpy(htab_table[idx].str, str, safe_strlen(str)+1);
+	++htab_filled;
+	usbi_mutex_unlock(&htab_write_mutex);
+
+	return idx;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the session ID of a device's nth level ancestor
+ */
+static unsigned long get_ancestor_session_id(DWORD devinst, unsigned level)
+{
+	DWORD parent_devinst;
+	unsigned long session_id = 0;
+	char* sanitized_path = NULL;
+	char path[MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
+	unsigned i;
+
+	if (level < 1) return 0;
+	for (i = 0; i<level; i++) {
+		if (CM_Get_Parent(&parent_devinst, devinst, 0) != CR_SUCCESS) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+		devinst = parent_devinst;
+	}
+	if (CM_Get_Device_IDA(devinst, path, MAX_PATH_LENGTH, 0) != CR_SUCCESS) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	// Return a special invalid session ID if the GP is not USB (as can be the case for HID)
+	if ((level == 2) && (path[0] != 'U') && (path[1] != 'S') && (path[2] != 'B')) {
+		usbi_dbg("detected non USB parent '%s'", path);
+		return ~0;
+	}
+	// TODO (post hotplug): try without sanitizing
+	sanitized_path = sanitize_path(path);
+	if (sanitized_path == NULL) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	session_id = htab_hash(sanitized_path);
+	safe_free(sanitized_path);
+	return session_id;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Populate the endpoints addresses of the device_priv interface helper structs
+ */
+static int windows_assign_endpoints(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface, int altsetting)
+{
+	int i, r;
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct libusb_config_descriptor *conf_desc;
+	const struct libusb_interface_descriptor *if_desc;
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	r = libusb_get_config_descriptor(dev_handle->dev, 0, &conf_desc);
+	if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+		usbi_warn(ctx, "could not read config descriptor: error %d", r);
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	if_desc = &conf_desc->interface[iface].altsetting[altsetting];
+	safe_free(priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint);
+
+	if (if_desc->bNumEndpoints == 0) {
+		usbi_dbg("no endpoints found for interface %d", iface);
+		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint = malloc(if_desc->bNumEndpoints);
+	if (priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint == NULL) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+
+	priv->usb_interface[iface].nb_endpoints = if_desc->bNumEndpoints;
+	for (i=0; i<if_desc->bNumEndpoints; i++) {
+		priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint[i] = if_desc->endpoint[i].bEndpointAddress;
+		usbi_dbg("(re)assigned endpoint %02X to interface %d", priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint[i], iface);
+	}
+	libusb_free_config_descriptor(conf_desc);
+
+	// Extra init is required for WinUSB endpoints
+	if (priv->apib->id == USB_API_WINUSB) {
+		return winusb_configure_endpoints(dev_handle, iface);
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Lookup for a match in the list of API driver names
+bool is_api_driver(char* driver, uint8_t api)
+{
+	uint8_t i;
+	const char sep_str[2] = {LIST_SEPARATOR, 0};
+	char *tok, *tmp_str;
+	size_t len = safe_strlen(driver);
+
+	if (len == 0) return false;
+	tmp_str = calloc(len+1, 1);
+	if (tmp_str == NULL) return false;
+	memcpy(tmp_str, driver, len+1);
+	tok = strtok(tmp_str, sep_str);
+	while (tok != NULL) {
+		for (i=0; i<usb_api_backend[api].nb_driver_names; i++) {
+			if (safe_strcmp(tok, usb_api_backend[api].driver_name_list[i]) == 0) {
+				free(tmp_str);
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		tok = strtok(NULL, sep_str);
+	}
+	free (tmp_str);
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * auto-claiming and auto-release helper functions
+ */
+#if defined(AUTO_CLAIM)
+static int auto_claim(struct libusb_transfer *transfer, int *interface_number, int api_type)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(
+		transfer->dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	int current_interface = *interface_number;
+	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+
+	switch(api_type) {
+	case USB_API_WINUSB:
+	case USB_API_HID:
+		break;
+	default:
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+
+	usbi_mutex_lock(&autoclaim_lock);
+	if (current_interface < 0)	// No serviceable interface was found
+	{
+		for (current_interface=0; current_interface<USB_MAXINTERFACES; current_interface++) {
+			// Must claim an interface of the same API type
+			if ( (priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->id == api_type)
+			  && (libusb_claim_interface(transfer->dev_handle, current_interface) == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) ) {
+				usbi_dbg("auto-claimed interface %d for control request", current_interface);
+				if (handle_priv->autoclaim_count[current_interface] != 0) {
+					usbi_warn(ctx, "program assertion failed - autoclaim_count was nonzero");
+				}
+				handle_priv->autoclaim_count[current_interface]++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (current_interface == USB_MAXINTERFACES) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not auto-claim any interface");
+			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+		}
+	} else {
+		// If we have a valid interface that was autoclaimed, we must increment
+		// its autoclaim count so that we can prevent an early release.
+		if (handle_priv->autoclaim_count[current_interface] != 0) {
+			handle_priv->autoclaim_count[current_interface]++;
+		}
+	}
+	usbi_mutex_unlock(&autoclaim_lock);
+
+	*interface_number = current_interface;
+	return r;
+
+}
+
+static void auto_release(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	libusb_device_handle *dev_handle = transfer->dev_handle;
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv* handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	int r;
+
+	usbi_mutex_lock(&autoclaim_lock);
+	if (handle_priv->autoclaim_count[transfer_priv->interface_number] > 0) {
+		handle_priv->autoclaim_count[transfer_priv->interface_number]--;
+		if (handle_priv->autoclaim_count[transfer_priv->interface_number] == 0) {
+			r = libusb_release_interface(dev_handle, transfer_priv->interface_number);
+			if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+				usbi_dbg("auto-released interface %d", transfer_priv->interface_number);
+			} else {
+				usbi_dbg("failed to auto-release interface %d (%s)",
+					transfer_priv->interface_number, libusb_strerror(r));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	usbi_mutex_unlock(&autoclaim_lock);
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+ * init: libusb backend init function
+ *
+ * This function enumerates the HCDs (Host Controller Drivers) and populates our private HCD list
+ * In our implementation, we equate Windows' "HCD" to LibUSB's "bus". Note that bus is zero indexed.
+ * HCDs are not expected to change after init (might not hold true for hot pluggable USB PCI card?)
+ */
+static int windows_init(struct libusb_context *ctx)
+{
+	int i, r = LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
+	OSVERSIONINFO os_version;
+	HANDLE semaphore;
+	char sem_name[11+1+8]; // strlen(libusb_init)+'\0'+(32-bit hex PID)
+
+	sprintf(sem_name, "libusb_init%08X", (unsigned int)GetCurrentProcessId()&0xFFFFFFFF);
+	semaphore = CreateSemaphoreA(NULL, 1, 1, sem_name);
+	if (semaphore == NULL) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "could not create semaphore: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+
+	// A successful wait brings our semaphore count to 0 (unsignaled)
+	// => any concurent wait stalls until the semaphore's release
+	if (WaitForSingleObject(semaphore, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "failure to access semaphore: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+		CloseHandle(semaphore);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+
+	// NB: concurrent usage supposes that init calls are equally balanced with
+	// exit calls. If init is called more than exit, we will not exit properly
+	if ( ++concurrent_usage == 0 ) {	// First init?
+		// Detect OS version
+		memset(&os_version, 0, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO));
+		os_version.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO);
+		windows_version = WINDOWS_UNSUPPORTED;
+		if ((GetVersionEx(&os_version) != 0) && (os_version.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)) {
+			if ((os_version.dwMajorVersion == 5) && (os_version.dwMinorVersion == 1)) {
+				windows_version = WINDOWS_XP;
+			} else if ((os_version.dwMajorVersion == 5) && (os_version.dwMinorVersion == 2)) {
+				windows_version = WINDOWS_2003;	// also includes XP 64
+			} else if (os_version.dwMajorVersion >= 6) {
+				windows_version = WINDOWS_VISTA_AND_LATER;
+			}
+		}
+		if (windows_version == WINDOWS_UNSUPPORTED) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "This version of Windows is NOT supported");
+			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+			goto init_exit;
+		}
+
+#if defined(AUTO_CLAIM)
+		// We need a lock for proper auto-release
+		usbi_mutex_init(&autoclaim_lock, NULL);
+#endif
+
+		// Initialize pollable file descriptors
+		init_polling();
+
+		// Load DLL imports
+		if (init_dlls() != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not resolve DLL functions");
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+		}
+
+		// Initialize the low level APIs (we don't care about errors at this stage)
+		for (i=0; i<USB_API_MAX; i++) {
+			usb_api_backend[i].init(ctx);
+		}
+
+		// Because QueryPerformanceCounter might report different values when
+		// running on different cores, we create a separate thread for the timer
+		// calls, which we glue to the first core always to prevent timing discrepancies.
+		r = LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+		for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+			timer_request[i] = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
+			if (timer_request[i] == NULL) {
+				usbi_err(ctx, "could not create timer request event %d - aborting", i);
+				goto init_exit;
+			}
+		}
+		timer_response = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, MAX_TIMER_SEMAPHORES, NULL);
+		if (timer_response == NULL) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not create timer response semaphore - aborting");
+			goto init_exit;
+		}
+		timer_mutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);
+		if (timer_mutex == NULL) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not create timer mutex - aborting");
+			goto init_exit;
+		}
+		timer_thread = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, windows_clock_gettime_threaded, NULL, 0, NULL);
+		if (timer_thread == NULL) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "Unable to create timer thread - aborting");
+			goto init_exit;
+		}
+		SetThreadAffinityMask(timer_thread, 0);
+
+		// Create a hash table to store session ids. Second parameter is better if prime
+		htab_create(ctx, HTAB_SIZE);
+
+		r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+init_exit: // Holds semaphore here.
+	if(!concurrent_usage && r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) { // First init failed?
+		if (timer_thread) {
+			SetEvent(timer_request[1]); // actually the signal to quit the thread.
+			if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(timer_thread, INFINITE)) {
+				usbi_warn(ctx, "could not wait for timer thread to quit");
+				TerminateThread(timer_thread, 1); // shouldn't happen, but we're destroying
+												  // all objects it might have held anyway.
+			}
+			CloseHandle(timer_thread);
+			timer_thread = NULL;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+			if (timer_request[i]) {
+				CloseHandle(timer_request[i]);
+				timer_request[i] = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+		if (timer_response) {
+			CloseHandle(timer_response);
+			timer_response = NULL;
+		}
+		if (timer_mutex) {
+			CloseHandle(timer_mutex);
+			timer_mutex = NULL;
+		}
+		htab_destroy();
+	}
+
+	if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS)
+		--concurrent_usage; // Not expected to call libusb_exit if we failed.
+
+	ReleaseSemaphore(semaphore, 1, NULL);	// increase count back to 1
+	CloseHandle(semaphore);
+	return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * HCD (root) hubs need to have their device descriptor manually populated
+ *
+ * Note that, like Microsoft does in the device manager, we populate the
+ * Vendor and Device ID for HCD hubs with the ones from the PCI HCD device.
+ */
+static int force_hcd_device_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *parent_priv, *priv = __device_priv(dev);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
+	int vid, pid;
+
+	dev->num_configurations = 1;
+	priv->dev_descriptor.bLength = sizeof(USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR);
+	priv->dev_descriptor.bDescriptorType = USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE;
+	priv->dev_descriptor.bNumConfigurations = 1;
+	priv->active_config = 1;
+
+	if (priv->parent_dev == NULL) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - HCD hub has no parent");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+	}
+	parent_priv = __device_priv(priv->parent_dev);
+	if (sscanf(parent_priv->path, "\\\\.\\PCI#VEN_%04x&DEV_%04x%*s", &vid, &pid) == 2) {
+		priv->dev_descriptor.idVendor = (uint16_t)vid;
+		priv->dev_descriptor.idProduct = (uint16_t)pid;
+	} else {
+		usbi_warn(ctx, "could not infer VID/PID of HCD hub from '%s'", parent_priv->path);
+		priv->dev_descriptor.idVendor = 0x1d6b;		// Linux Foundation root hub
+		priv->dev_descriptor.idProduct = 1;
+	}
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * fetch and cache all the config descriptors through I/O
+ */
+static int cache_config_descriptors(struct libusb_device *dev, HANDLE hub_handle, char* device_id)
+{
+	DWORD size, ret_size;
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev);
+	int r;
+	uint8_t i;
+
+	USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_SHORT cd_buf_short;    // dummy request
+	PUSB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST cd_buf_actual = NULL;       // actual request
+	PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR cd_data = NULL;
+
+	if (dev->num_configurations == 0)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+	priv->config_descriptor = malloc(dev->num_configurations * sizeof(PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR));
+	if (priv->config_descriptor == NULL)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	for (i=0; i<dev->num_configurations; i++)
+		priv->config_descriptor[i] = NULL;
+
+	for (i=0, r=LIBUSB_SUCCESS; ; i++)
+	{
+		// safe loop: release all dynamic resources
+		safe_free(cd_buf_actual);
+
+		// safe loop: end of loop condition
+		if ((i >= dev->num_configurations) || (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS))
+			break;
+
+		size = sizeof(USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_SHORT);
+		memset(&cd_buf_short, 0, size);
+
+		cd_buf_short.req.ConnectionIndex = (ULONG)priv->port;
+		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.bmRequest = LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN;
+		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.bRequest = USB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR;
+		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.wValue = (USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE << 8) | i;
+		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.wIndex = i;
+		cd_buf_short.req.SetupPacket.wLength = (USHORT)(size - sizeof(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST));
+
+		// Dummy call to get the required data size
+		if (!DeviceIoControl(hub_handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_DESCRIPTOR_FROM_NODE_CONNECTION, &cd_buf_short, size,
+			&cd_buf_short, size, &ret_size, NULL)) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not access configuration descriptor (dummy) for '%s': %s", device_id, windows_error_str(0));
+			LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_IO);
+		}
+
+		if ((ret_size != size) || (cd_buf_short.data.wTotalLength < sizeof(USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR))) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected configuration descriptor size (dummy) for '%s'.", device_id);
+			LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_IO);
+		}
+
+		size = sizeof(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST) + cd_buf_short.data.wTotalLength;
+		if ((cd_buf_actual = (PUSB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST)malloc(size)) == NULL) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not allocate configuration descriptor buffer for '%s'.", device_id);
+			LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
+		}
+		memset(cd_buf_actual, 0, size);
+
+		// Actual call
+		cd_buf_actual->ConnectionIndex = (ULONG)priv->port;
+		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.bmRequest = LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN;
+		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.bRequest = USB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR;
+		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.wValue = (USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE << 8) | i;
+		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.wIndex = i;
+		cd_buf_actual->SetupPacket.wLength = (USHORT)(size - sizeof(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST));
+
+		if (!DeviceIoControl(hub_handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_DESCRIPTOR_FROM_NODE_CONNECTION, cd_buf_actual, size,
+			cd_buf_actual, size, &ret_size, NULL)) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not access configuration descriptor (actual) for '%s': %s", device_id, windows_error_str(0));
+			LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_IO);
+		}
+
+		cd_data = (PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR)((UCHAR*)cd_buf_actual+sizeof(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST));
+
+		if ((size != ret_size) || (cd_data->wTotalLength != cd_buf_short.data.wTotalLength)) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "unexpected configuration descriptor size (actual) for '%s'.", device_id);
+			LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_IO);
+		}
+
+		if (cd_data->bDescriptorType != USB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "not a configuration descriptor for '%s'", device_id);
+			LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_IO);
+		}
+
+		usbi_dbg("cached config descriptor %d (bConfigurationValue=%d, %d bytes)",
+			i, cd_data->bConfigurationValue, cd_data->wTotalLength);
+
+		// Cache the descriptor
+		priv->config_descriptor[i] = malloc(cd_data->wTotalLength);
+		if (priv->config_descriptor[i] == NULL)
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+
+		memcpy(priv->config_descriptor[i], cd_data, cd_data->wTotalLength);
+	}
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Populate a libusb device structure
+ */
+static int init_device(struct libusb_device* dev, struct libusb_device* parent_dev,
+					   uint8_t port_number, char* device_id, DWORD devinst)
+{
+	HANDLE handle;
+	DWORD size;
+	USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION conn_info;
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv, *parent_priv;
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev);
+	struct libusb_device* tmp_dev;
+	unsigned i;
+
+	if ((dev == NULL) || (parent_dev == NULL)) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+	priv = __device_priv(dev);
+	parent_priv = __device_priv(parent_dev);
+	if (parent_priv->apib->id != USB_API_HUB) {
+		usbi_warn(ctx, "parent for device '%s' is not a hub", device_id);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	// It is possible for the parent hub not to have been initialized yet
+	// If that's the case, lookup the ancestors to set the bus number
+	if (parent_dev->bus_number == 0) {
+		for (i=2; ; i++) {
+			tmp_dev = usbi_get_device_by_session_id(ctx, get_ancestor_session_id(devinst, i));
+			if (tmp_dev == NULL) break;
+			if (tmp_dev->bus_number != 0) {
+				usbi_dbg("got bus number from ancestor #%d", i);
+				parent_dev->bus_number = tmp_dev->bus_number;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (parent_dev->bus_number == 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed: unable to find ancestor bus number for '%s'", device_id);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+	dev->bus_number = parent_dev->bus_number;
+	priv->port = port_number;
+	priv->depth = parent_priv->depth + 1;
+	priv->parent_dev = parent_dev;
+	memset(&conn_info, 0, sizeof(conn_info));
+
+	if (priv->depth != 0) {	// Not a HCD hub
+		handle = CreateFileA(parent_priv->path, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+			FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, NULL);
+		if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "could not open hub %s: %s", parent_priv->path, windows_error_str(0));
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
+		}
+		size = sizeof(USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION);
+		conn_info.ConnectionIndex = (ULONG)port_number;
+		if (!DeviceIoControl(handle, IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION, &conn_info, size,
+			&conn_info, size, &size, NULL)) {
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "could not get node connection information for device '%s': %s",
+				device_id, windows_error_str(0));
+			safe_closehandle(handle);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+		}
+		if (conn_info.ConnectionStatus == NoDeviceConnected) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "device '%s' is no longer connected!", device_id);
+			safe_closehandle(handle);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+		}
+		dev->device_address = (uint8_t)conn_info.DeviceAddress;
+		memcpy(&priv->dev_descriptor, &(conn_info.DeviceDescriptor), sizeof(USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR));
+		dev->num_configurations = priv->dev_descriptor.bNumConfigurations;
+		priv->active_config = conn_info.CurrentConfigurationValue;
+		usbi_dbg("found %d configurations (active conf: %d)", dev->num_configurations, priv->active_config);
+		// If we can't read the config descriptors, just set the number of confs to zero
+		if (cache_config_descriptors(dev, handle, device_id) != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+			dev->num_configurations = 0;
+			priv->dev_descriptor.bNumConfigurations = 0;
+		}
+		safe_closehandle(handle);
+
+		if (conn_info.DeviceAddress > UINT8_MAX) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed: device address overflow");
+		}
+		dev->device_address = (uint8_t)conn_info.DeviceAddress;
+	} else {
+		dev->device_address = UINT8_MAX;	// Hubs from HCD have a devaddr of 255
+		force_hcd_device_descriptor(dev);
+	}
+
+	usbi_dbg("(bus: %d, addr: %d, depth: %d, port: %d): '%s'",
+		dev->bus_number, dev->device_address, priv->depth, priv->port, device_id);
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// Returns the api type, or 0 if not found/unsupported
+static uint8_t get_api_type(struct libusb_context *ctx,
+						HDEVINFO *dev_info, SP_DEVINFO_DATA *dev_info_data)
+{
+	// Precedence for filter drivers vs driver is in the order of this array
+	struct driver_lookup lookup[3] = {
+		{"\0\0", SPDRP_SERVICE, "driver"},
+		{"\0\0", SPDRP_UPPERFILTERS, "upper filter driver"},
+		{"\0\0", SPDRP_LOWERFILTERS, "lower filter driver"}
+	};
+	DWORD size, reg_type;
+	unsigned k, l;
+	uint8_t api;
+
+	// Check the service & filter names to know the API we should use
+	for (k=0; k<3; k++) {
+		if (pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(*dev_info, dev_info_data, lookup[k].reg_prop,
+			&reg_type, (BYTE*)lookup[k].list, MAX_KEY_LENGTH, &size)) {
+			// Turn the REG_SZ SPDRP_SERVICE into REG_MULTI_SZ
+			if (lookup[k].reg_prop == SPDRP_SERVICE) {
+				// our buffers are MAX_KEY_LENGTH+1 so we can overflow if needed
+				lookup[k].list[safe_strlen(lookup[k].list)+1] = 0;
+			}
+			// MULTI_SZ is a pain to work with. Turn it into something much more manageable
+			// NB: none of the driver names we check against contain LIST_SEPARATOR,
+			// (currently ';'), so even if an unsuported one does, it's not an issue
+			for (l=0; (lookup[k].list[l] != 0) || (lookup[k].list[l+1] != 0); l++) {
+				if (lookup[k].list[l] == 0) {
+					lookup[k].list[l] = LIST_SEPARATOR;
+				}
+			}
+			upperize(lookup[k].list);
+			usbi_dbg("%s(s): %s", lookup[k].designation, lookup[k].list);
+		} else {
+			if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INVALID_DATA) {
+				usbi_dbg("could not access %s: %s", lookup[k].designation, windows_error_str(0));
+			}
+			lookup[k].list[0] = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (api=1; api<USB_API_MAX; api++) {
+		for (k=0; k<3; k++) {
+			if (is_api_driver(lookup[k].list, api)) {
+				usbi_dbg("matched %s name against %s", lookup[k].designation, usb_api_backend[api].designation);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (k >= 3) continue;
+		return api;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_composite_interface(struct libusb_context* ctx, struct libusb_device* dev,
+							char* dev_interface_path, char* device_id, uint8_t api)
+{
+	unsigned i;
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev);
+	int interface_number;
+
+	if (priv->apib->id != USB_API_COMPOSITE) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed: '%s' is not composite", device_id);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+	}
+
+	// Because MI_## are not necessarily in sequential order (some composite HID
+	// devices will have only MI_00 & MI_03 for instance), we retrieve the actual
+	// interface number from the path's MI value
+	interface_number = 0;
+	for (i=0; device_id[i] != 0; ) {
+		if ( (device_id[i++] == 'M') && (device_id[i++] == 'I')
+		  && (device_id[i++] == '_') ) {
+			interface_number = (device_id[i++] - '0')*10;
+			interface_number += device_id[i] - '0';
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (device_id[i] == 0) {
+		usbi_warn(ctx, "failure to read interface number for %s. Using default value %d",
+			device_id, interface_number);
+	}
+
+	// HID devices can have multiple collections (COL##) for each MI_## interface
+	if (priv->usb_interface[interface_number].path != NULL) {
+		if (api != USB_API_HID) {
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "program assertion failed %s is not an USB HID collection", device_id);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
+		}
+		usbi_dbg("interface[%d] already set - ignoring HID collection: %s",
+			interface_number, device_id);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
+	}
+
+	usbi_dbg("interface[%d] = %s", interface_number, dev_interface_path);
+	priv->usb_interface[interface_number].path = dev_interface_path;
+	priv->usb_interface[interface_number].apib = &usb_api_backend[api];
+	if ((api == USB_API_HID) && (priv->hid == NULL)) {
+		priv->hid = calloc(1, sizeof(struct hid_device_priv));
+	}
+	priv->composite_api_flags |= 1<<api;
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int set_hid_interface(struct libusb_context* ctx, struct libusb_device* dev,
+							char* dev_interface_path)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev);
+
+	if (priv->hid == NULL) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed: parent is not HID");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+	}
+	priv->usb_interface[priv->hid->nb_interfaces].path = dev_interface_path;
+	priv->usb_interface[priv->hid->nb_interfaces].apib = &usb_api_backend[USB_API_HID];
+	usbi_dbg("interface[%d] = %s", priv->hid->nb_interfaces, dev_interface_path);
+	priv->hid->nb_interfaces++;
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * get_device_list: libusb backend device enumeration function
+ */
+static int windows_get_device_list(struct libusb_context *ctx, struct discovered_devs **_discdevs)
+{
+	struct discovered_devs *discdevs = *_discdevs;
+	HDEVINFO dev_info;
+	SP_DEVINFO_DATA dev_info_data;
+	SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_A *dev_interface_details = NULL;
+	GUID hid_guid;
+#define MAX_ENUM_GUIDS 64
+	const GUID* guid[MAX_ENUM_GUIDS];
+#define HCD_PASS 0
+#define HUB_PASS 1
+#define GEN_PASS 2
+#define DEV_PASS 3
+#define HID_PASS 4
+	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	unsigned int nb_guids, pass, i, j;
+	char path[MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
+	char strbuf[MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
+	struct libusb_device *dev, *parent_dev;
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv, *parent_priv;
+	char* dev_interface_path = NULL;
+	char* dev_id_path = NULL;
+	unsigned long session_id;
+	DWORD size, reg_type, port_nr, install_state;
+	HKEY key;
+	WCHAR guid_string_w[MAX_GUID_STRING_LENGTH];
+	GUID* if_guid;
+	LONG s;
+	uint8_t api;
+	// Keep a list of newly allocated devs to unref
+	libusb_device** unref_list;
+	unsigned int unref_size = 64;
+	unsigned int unref_cur = 0;
+
+	// PASS 1 : (re)enumerate HCDs (allows for HCD hotplug)
+	// PASS 2 : (re)enumerate HUBS
+	// PASS 3 : (re)enumerate generic USB devices (including driverless)
+	//           and list additional USB device interface GUIDs to explore
+	// PASS 4 : (re)enumerate master USB devices that have a device interface
+	// PASS 5+: (re)enumerate device interfaced GUIDs (including HID) and
+	//           set the device interfaces.
+
+	// Init the GUID table
+	guid[HCD_PASS] = &GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_HOST_CONTROLLER;
+	guid[HUB_PASS] = &GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_HUB;
+	guid[GEN_PASS] = NULL;
+	guid[DEV_PASS] = &GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE;
+	HidD_GetHidGuid(&hid_guid);
+	guid[HID_PASS] = &hid_guid;
+	nb_guids = HID_PASS+1;
+
+	unref_list = malloc(unref_size*sizeof(libusb_device*));
+	if (unref_list == NULL) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+
+	for (pass = 0; ((pass < nb_guids) && (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS)); pass++) {
+//#define ENUM_DEBUG
+#ifdef ENUM_DEBUG
+		switch(pass) {
+		case HCD_PASS:
+			usbi_dbg("PROCESSING HCDs %s", guid_to_string(guid[pass]));
+			break;
+		case HUB_PASS:
+			usbi_dbg("PROCESSING HUBs %s", guid_to_string(guid[pass]));
+			break;
+		case DEV_PASS:
+			usbi_dbg("PROCESSING DEVs %s", guid_to_string(guid[pass]));
+			break;
+		case GEN_PASS:
+			usbi_dbg("PROCESSING GENs");
+			break;
+		case HID_PASS:
+			usbi_dbg("PROCESSING HIDs %s", guid_to_string(guid[pass]));
+			break;
+		default:
+			usbi_dbg("PROCESSING EXTs %s", guid_to_string(guid[pass]));
+			break;
+		}
+#endif
+		for (i = 0; ; i++) {
+			// safe loop: free up any (unprotected) dynamic resource
+			// NB: this is always executed before breaking the loop
+			safe_free(dev_interface_details);
+			safe_free(dev_interface_path);
+			safe_free(dev_id_path);
+			session_id = 0;
+			priv = parent_priv = NULL;
+			dev = parent_dev = NULL;
+
+			// Safe loop: end of loop conditions
+			if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+				break;
+			}
+			if ((pass == HCD_PASS) && (i == UINT8_MAX)) {
+				usbi_warn(ctx, "program assertion failed - found more than %d buses, skipping the rest.", UINT8_MAX);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (pass != GEN_PASS) {
+				// Except for GEN, all passes deal with device interfaces
+				dev_interface_details = get_interface_details(ctx, &dev_info, &dev_info_data, guid[pass], i);
+				if (dev_interface_details == NULL) {
+					break;
+				} else {
+					dev_interface_path = sanitize_path(dev_interface_details->DevicePath);
+					if (dev_interface_path == NULL) {
+						usbi_warn(ctx, "could not sanitize device interface path for '%s'", dev_interface_details->DevicePath);
+						continue;
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				if (!get_devinfo_data(ctx, &dev_info, &dev_info_data, i)) {
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Read the Device ID path. This is what we'll use as UID
+			// Note that if the device is plugged in a different port or hub, the Device ID changes
+			if (CM_Get_Device_IDA(dev_info_data.DevInst, path, sizeof(path), 0) != CR_SUCCESS) {
+				usbi_warn(ctx, "could not read the device id path for devinst %X, skipping",
+					dev_info_data.DevInst);
+				continue;
+			}
+			dev_id_path = sanitize_path(path);
+			if (dev_id_path == NULL) {
+				usbi_warn(ctx, "could not sanitize device id path for devinst %X, skipping",
+					dev_info_data.DevInst);
+				continue;
+			}
+#ifdef ENUM_DEBUG
+			usbi_dbg("PRO: %s", dev_id_path);
+#endif
+
+			// The SPDRP_ADDRESS for USB devices is the device port number on the hub
+			port_nr = 0;
+			if ((pass >= HUB_PASS) && (pass <= GEN_PASS)) {
+				if ( (!pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(dev_info, &dev_info_data, SPDRP_ADDRESS,
+					&reg_type, (BYTE*)&port_nr, 4, &size))
+				  || (size != 4) ) {
+					usbi_warn(ctx, "could not retrieve port number for device '%s', skipping: %s",
+						dev_id_path, windows_error_str(0));
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Set API to use or get additional data from generic pass
+			api = USB_API_UNSUPPORTED;
+			switch (pass) {
+			case HCD_PASS:
+				break;
+			case GEN_PASS:
+				// We use the GEN pass to detect driverless devices...
+				size = sizeof(strbuf);
+				if (!pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(dev_info, &dev_info_data, SPDRP_DRIVER,
+					&reg_type, (BYTE*)strbuf, size, &size)) {
+						usbi_info(ctx, "The following device has no driver: '%s'", dev_id_path);
+						usbi_info(ctx, "libusb will not be able to access it.");
+				}
+				// ...and to add the additional device interface GUIDs
+				key = pSetupDiOpenDevRegKey(dev_info, &dev_info_data, DICS_FLAG_GLOBAL, 0, DIREG_DEV, KEY_READ);
+				if (key != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+					size = sizeof(guid_string_w);
+					s = pRegQueryValueExW(key, L"DeviceInterfaceGUIDs", NULL, &reg_type,
+						(BYTE*)guid_string_w, &size);
+					pRegCloseKey(key);
+					if (s == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+						if (nb_guids >= MAX_ENUM_GUIDS) {
+							// If this assert is ever reported, grow a GUID table dynamically
+							usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed: too many GUIDs");
+							LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW);
+						}
+						if_guid = calloc(1, sizeof(GUID));
+						pCLSIDFromString(guid_string_w, if_guid);
+						guid[nb_guids++] = if_guid;
+						usbi_dbg("extra GUID: %s", guid_to_string(if_guid));
+					}
+				}
+				break;
+			case HID_PASS:
+				api = USB_API_HID;
+				break;
+			default:
+				// Get the API type (after checking that the driver installation is OK)
+				if ( (!pSetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA(dev_info, &dev_info_data, SPDRP_INSTALL_STATE,
+					&reg_type, (BYTE*)&install_state, 4, &size))
+				  || (size != 4) ){
+					usbi_warn(ctx, "could not detect installation state of driver for '%s': %s",
+						dev_id_path, windows_error_str(0));
+				} else if (install_state != 0) {
+					usbi_warn(ctx, "driver for device '%s' is reporting an issue (code: %d) - skipping",
+						dev_id_path, install_state);
+					continue;
+				}
+				api = get_api_type(ctx, &dev_info, &dev_info_data);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			// Find parent device (for the passes that need it)
+			switch (pass) {
+			case HCD_PASS:
+			case DEV_PASS:
+			case HUB_PASS:
+				break;
+			default:
+				session_id = get_ancestor_session_id(dev_info_data.DevInst, 1);
+				if (session_id == 0) {
+					usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed: orphan device '%s'", dev_id_path);
+					LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE);
+				}
+				parent_dev = usbi_get_device_by_session_id(ctx, session_id);
+				// Composite HID devices have double indirection => Check grandparent
+				if (pass == HID_PASS) {
+					session_id = get_ancestor_session_id(dev_info_data.DevInst, 2);
+					if (session_id == 0) {
+						usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed: no grandparent for '%s'", dev_id_path);
+						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE);
+					} else if (session_id == ~0) {
+						usbi_dbg("skipping non USB HID interface '%s'", dev_id_path);
+						continue;
+					}
+					dev = usbi_get_device_by_session_id(ctx, session_id);
+					if (dev == NULL) {
+						usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed: unlisted grandparent for '%s'", dev_id_path);
+						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE);
+					}
+					if (__device_priv(dev)->apib->id == USB_API_COMPOSITE) {
+						parent_dev = dev;
+					}
+				}
+				if (parent_dev == NULL) {
+					// This can occur if the OS only reports a newly plugged device after we started enum,
+					// eg. HID parent not listed on GEN pass, but children listed on HID pass
+					usbi_warn(ctx, "unlisted parent for '%s' (newly connected device?) - ignoring", dev_id_path);
+					continue;
+				}
+				parent_priv = __device_priv(parent_dev);
+				// virtual USB devices are also listed during GEN - don't process these yet
+				if ( (pass == GEN_PASS) && (parent_priv->apib->id != USB_API_HUB) ) {
+					continue;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+
+			// Create new or match existing device, using the (hashed) device_id as session id
+			if (pass <= DEV_PASS) {	// For subsequent passes, we'll lookup the parent
+				// These are the passes that create "new" devices
+				session_id = htab_hash(dev_id_path);
+				dev = usbi_get_device_by_session_id(ctx, session_id);
+				if (dev == NULL) {
+					if (pass == DEV_PASS) {
+						// This can occur if the OS only reports a newly plugged device after we started enum
+						usbi_warn(ctx, "'%s' was only detected in late pass (newly connected device?)"
+							" - ignoring", dev_id_path);
+						continue;
+					}
+					usbi_dbg("allocating new device for session [%X]", session_id);
+					if ((dev = usbi_alloc_device(ctx, session_id)) == NULL) {
+						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
+					}
+					windows_device_priv_init(dev);
+					// Keep track of devices that need unref
+					unref_list[unref_cur++] = dev;
+					if (unref_cur > unref_size) {
+						unref_size += 64;
+						unref_list = realloc(unref_list, unref_size*sizeof(libusb_device*));
+						if (unref_list == NULL) {
+							usbi_err(ctx, "could not realloc list for unref - aborting.");
+							LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
+						}
+					}
+				} else {
+					usbi_dbg("found existing device for session [%X]", session_id);
+				}
+				priv = __device_priv(dev);
+			}
+
+			// Setup device
+			switch (pass) {
+			case HCD_PASS:
+				dev->bus_number = (uint8_t)(i + 1);	// bus 0 is reserved for disconnected
+				dev->device_address = 0;
+				dev->num_configurations = 0;
+				priv->apib = &usb_api_backend[USB_API_HUB];
+				priv->depth = UINT8_MAX;	// Overflow to 0 for HCD Hubs
+				priv->path = dev_interface_path; dev_interface_path = NULL;
+				break;
+			case DEV_PASS:
+				// Take care of API initialization
+				priv->path = dev_interface_path; dev_interface_path = NULL;
+				priv->apib = &usb_api_backend[api];
+				switch(api) {
+				case USB_API_COMPOSITE:
+					break;
+				case USB_API_HID:
+					safe_free(priv->hid);
+					priv->hid = calloc(1, sizeof(struct hid_device_priv));
+					if (priv->hid == NULL) {
+						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
+					}
+					priv->hid->nb_interfaces = 0;
+					break;
+				default:
+					// For other devices, the first interface is the same as the device
+					priv->usb_interface[0].path = malloc(safe_strlen(priv->path)+1);
+					if (priv->usb_interface[0].path != NULL) {
+						safe_strcpy(priv->usb_interface[0].path, safe_strlen(priv->path)+1, priv->path);
+					}
+					// The following is needed if we want API calls to work for both simple
+					// and composite devices.
+					for(j=0; j<USB_MAXINTERFACES; j++) {
+						priv->usb_interface[j].apib = &usb_api_backend[api];
+					}
+					break;
+				}
+				break;
+			case HUB_PASS:
+				priv->apib = &usb_api_backend[api];
+				priv->path = dev_interface_path; dev_interface_path = NULL;
+				break;
+			case GEN_PASS:
+				r = init_device(dev, parent_dev, (uint8_t)port_nr, dev_id_path, dev_info_data.DevInst);
+				if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+					// Append device to the list of discovered devices
+					discdevs = discovered_devs_append(*_discdevs, dev);
+					if (!discdevs) {
+						LOOP_BREAK(LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM);
+					}
+					*_discdevs = discdevs;
+				} else if (r == LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE) {
+					// This can occur if the device was disconnected but Windows hasn't
+					// refreshed its enumeration yet - in that case, we ignore the device
+					r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+				}
+				break;
+			default:	// HID_PASS and later
+				if (parent_priv->apib->id == USB_API_HID) {
+					usbi_dbg("setting HID interface for [%lX]:", parent_dev->session_data);
+					r = set_hid_interface(ctx, parent_dev, dev_interface_path);
+					if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) LOOP_BREAK(r);
+					dev_interface_path = NULL;
+				} else if (parent_priv->apib->id == USB_API_COMPOSITE) {
+					usbi_dbg("setting composite interface for [%lX]:", parent_dev->session_data);
+					switch (set_composite_interface(ctx, parent_dev, dev_interface_path, dev_id_path, api)) {
+					case LIBUSB_SUCCESS:
+						dev_interface_path = NULL;
+						break;
+					case LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS:
+						// interface has already been set => make sure dev_interface_path is freed then
+						break;
+					default:
+						LOOP_BREAK(r);
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Free any additional GUIDs
+	for (pass = HID_PASS+1; pass < nb_guids; pass++) {
+		safe_free(guid[pass]);
+	}
+
+	// Unref newly allocated devs
+	for (i=0; i<unref_cur; i++) {
+		safe_unref_device(unref_list[i]);
+	}
+	safe_free(unref_list);
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * exit: libusb backend deinitialization function
+ */
+static void windows_exit(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	HANDLE semaphore;
+	char sem_name[11+1+8]; // strlen(libusb_init)+'\0'+(32-bit hex PID)
+
+	sprintf(sem_name, "libusb_init%08X", (unsigned int)GetCurrentProcessId()&0xFFFFFFFF);
+	semaphore = CreateSemaphoreA(NULL, 1, 1, sem_name);
+	if (semaphore == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// A successful wait brings our semaphore count to 0 (unsignaled)
+	// => any concurent wait stalls until the semaphore release
+	if (WaitForSingleObject(semaphore, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
+		CloseHandle(semaphore);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Only works if exits and inits are balanced exactly
+	if (--concurrent_usage < 0) {	// Last exit
+		for (i=0; i<USB_API_MAX; i++) {
+			usb_api_backend[i].exit();
+		}
+		exit_polling();
+
+		if (timer_thread) {
+			SetEvent(timer_request[1]); // actually the signal to quit the thread.
+			if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(timer_thread, INFINITE)) {
+				usbi_dbg("could not wait for timer thread to quit");
+				TerminateThread(timer_thread, 1);
+			}
+			CloseHandle(timer_thread);
+			timer_thread = NULL;
+		}
+		for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+			if (timer_request[i]) {
+				CloseHandle(timer_request[i]);
+				timer_request[i] = NULL;
+			}
+		}
+		if (timer_response) {
+			CloseHandle(timer_response);
+			timer_response = NULL;
+		}
+		if (timer_mutex) {
+			CloseHandle(timer_mutex);
+			timer_mutex = NULL;
+		}
+		htab_destroy();
+	}
+
+	ReleaseSemaphore(semaphore, 1, NULL);	// increase count back to 1
+	CloseHandle(semaphore);
+}
+
+static int windows_get_device_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev, unsigned char *buffer, int *host_endian)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev);
+
+	memcpy(buffer, &(priv->dev_descriptor), DEVICE_DESC_LENGTH);
+	*host_endian = 0;
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int windows_get_config_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev, uint8_t config_index, unsigned char *buffer, size_t len, int *host_endian)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev);
+	PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR config_header;
+	size_t size;
+
+	// config index is zero based
+	if (config_index >= dev->num_configurations)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+	if ((priv->config_descriptor == NULL) || (priv->config_descriptor[config_index] == NULL))
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+
+	config_header = (PUSB_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR)priv->config_descriptor[config_index];
+
+	size = min(config_header->wTotalLength, len);
+	memcpy(buffer, priv->config_descriptor[config_index], size);
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * return the cached copy of the active config descriptor
+ */
+static int windows_get_active_config_descriptor(struct libusb_device *dev, unsigned char *buffer, size_t len, int *host_endian)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev);
+
+	if (priv->active_config == 0)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+
+	// config index is zero based
+	return windows_get_config_descriptor(dev, (uint8_t)(priv->active_config-1), buffer, len, host_endian);
+}
+
+static int windows_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	if (priv->apib == NULL) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - device is not initialized");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+	}
+
+	return priv->apib->open(dev_handle);
+}
+
+static void windows_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	priv->apib->close(dev_handle);
+}
+
+static int windows_get_configuration(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int *config)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	if (priv->active_config == 0) {
+		*config = 0;
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	*config = priv->active_config;
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms793522.aspx: "The port driver
+ * does not currently expose a service that allows higher-level drivers to set
+ * the configuration."
+ */
+static int windows_set_configuration(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int config)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (config >= USB_MAXCONFIG)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+	r = libusb_control_transfer(dev_handle, LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_OUT |
+		LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_STANDARD | LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_DEVICE,
+		LIBUSB_REQUEST_SET_CONFIGURATION, (uint16_t)config,
+		0, NULL, 0, 1000);
+
+	if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+		priv->active_config = (uint8_t)config;
+	}
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int windows_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	if (iface >= USB_MAXINTERFACES)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+	safe_free(priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint);
+	priv->usb_interface[iface].nb_endpoints= 0;
+
+	r = priv->apib->claim_interface(dev_handle, iface);
+
+	if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+		r = windows_assign_endpoints(dev_handle, iface, 0);
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int windows_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface, int altsetting)
+{
+	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	safe_free(priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint);
+	priv->usb_interface[iface].nb_endpoints= 0;
+
+	r = priv->apib->set_interface_altsetting(dev_handle, iface, altsetting);
+
+	if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+		r = windows_assign_endpoints(dev_handle, iface, altsetting);
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int windows_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	windows_set_interface_altsetting(dev_handle, iface, 0);
+	return priv->apib->release_interface(dev_handle, iface);
+}
+
+static int windows_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	return priv->apib->clear_halt(dev_handle, endpoint);
+}
+
+static int windows_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	return priv->apib->reset_device(dev_handle);
+}
+
+// The 3 functions below are unlikely to ever get supported on Windows
+static int windows_kernel_driver_active(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+static int windows_attach_kernel_driver(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+static int windows_detach_kernel_driver(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+static void windows_destroy_device(struct libusb_device *dev)
+{
+	windows_device_priv_release(dev);
+}
+
+static void windows_clear_transfer_priv(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+
+	usbi_free_fd(transfer_priv->pollable_fd.fd);
+	safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
+#if defined(AUTO_CLAIM)
+	// When auto claim is in use, attempt to release the auto-claimed interface
+	auto_release(itransfer);
+#endif
+}
+
+static int submit_bulk_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	int r;
+
+	r = priv->apib->submit_bulk_transfer(itransfer);
+	if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	usbi_add_pollfd(ctx, transfer_priv->pollable_fd.fd,
+		(short)((transfer->endpoint & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN)?POLLIN:POLLOUT));
+#if !defined(DYNAMIC_FDS)
+	usbi_fd_notification(ctx);
+#endif
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int submit_iso_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	int r;
+
+	r = priv->apib->submit_iso_transfer(itransfer);
+	if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	usbi_add_pollfd(ctx, transfer_priv->pollable_fd.fd,
+		(short)((transfer->endpoint & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN)?POLLIN:POLLOUT));
+#if !defined(DYNAMIC_FDS)
+	usbi_fd_notification(ctx);
+#endif
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int submit_control_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	int r;
+
+	r = priv->apib->submit_control_transfer(itransfer);
+	if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+		return r;
+	}
+
+	usbi_add_pollfd(ctx, transfer_priv->pollable_fd.fd, POLLIN);
+#if !defined(DYNAMIC_FDS)
+	usbi_fd_notification(ctx);
+#endif
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+
+}
+
+static int windows_submit_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+
+	switch (transfer->type) {
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_CONTROL:
+		return submit_control_transfer(itransfer);
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK:
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT:
+		return submit_bulk_transfer(itransfer);
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS:
+		return submit_iso_transfer(itransfer);
+	default:
+		usbi_err(TRANSFER_CTX(transfer), "unknown endpoint type %d", transfer->type);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+}
+
+static int windows_abort_control(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+
+	return priv->apib->abort_control(itransfer);
+}
+
+static int windows_abort_transfers(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+
+	return priv->apib->abort_transfers(itransfer);
+}
+
+static int windows_cancel_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+#if defined(FORCE_INSTANT_TIMEOUTS)
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+
+	// Forces instant overlapped completion on timeouts - use at your own risks
+	if (itransfer->flags & USBI_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT) {
+		transfer_priv->pollable_fd.overlapped->Internal &= ~STATUS_PENDING;
+	}
+#endif
+	switch (transfer->type) {
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_CONTROL:
+		return windows_abort_control(itransfer);
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK:
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT:
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS:
+		return windows_abort_transfers(itransfer);
+	default:
+		usbi_err(ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer), "unknown endpoint type %d", transfer->type);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+}
+
+static void windows_transfer_callback(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, uint32_t io_result, uint32_t io_size)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	int status;
+
+	usbi_dbg("handling I/O completion with errcode %d", io_result);
+
+	switch(io_result) {
+	case NO_ERROR:
+		status = priv->apib->copy_transfer_data(itransfer, io_size);
+		break;
+	case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE:
+		usbi_dbg("detected endpoint stall");
+		status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_STALL;
+		break;
+	case ERROR_SEM_TIMEOUT:
+		usbi_dbg("detected semaphore timeout");
+		status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT;
+		break;
+	case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED:
+		if (itransfer->flags & USBI_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT) {
+			usbi_dbg("detected timeout");
+			status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TIMED_OUT;
+		} else {
+			usbi_dbg("detected operation aborted");
+			status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_CANCELLED;
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		usbi_err(ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer), "detected I/O error: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+		status = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_ERROR;
+		break;
+	}
+	windows_clear_transfer_priv(itransfer);	// Cancel polling
+	usbi_handle_transfer_completion(itransfer, status);
+}
+
+static void windows_handle_callback (struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, uint32_t io_result, uint32_t io_size)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+
+	switch (transfer->type) {
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_CONTROL:
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_BULK:
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_INTERRUPT:
+	case LIBUSB_TRANSFER_TYPE_ISOCHRONOUS:
+		windows_transfer_callback (itransfer, io_result, io_size);
+		break;
+	default:
+		usbi_err(ITRANSFER_CTX(itransfer), "unknown endpoint type %d", transfer->type);
+	}
+}
+
+static int windows_handle_events(struct libusb_context *ctx, struct pollfd *fds, nfds_t nfds, int num_ready)
+{
+	struct windows_transfer_priv* transfer_priv = NULL;
+	nfds_t i = 0;
+	bool found = false;
+	struct usbi_transfer *transfer;
+	DWORD io_size, io_result;
+
+	usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < nfds && num_ready > 0; i++) {
+
+		usbi_dbg("checking fd %d with revents = %04x", fds[i].fd, fds[i].revents);
+
+		if (!fds[i].revents) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		num_ready--;
+
+		// Because a Windows OVERLAPPED is used for poll emulation,
+		// a pollable fd is created and stored with each transfer
+		usbi_mutex_lock(&ctx->flying_transfers_lock);
+		list_for_each_entry(transfer, &ctx->flying_transfers, list, struct usbi_transfer) {
+			transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(transfer);
+			if (transfer_priv->pollable_fd.fd == fds[i].fd) {
+				found = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->flying_transfers_lock);
+
+		if (found) {
+			// Handle async requests that completed synchronously first
+			if (HasOverlappedIoCompletedSync(transfer_priv->pollable_fd.overlapped)) {
+				io_result = NO_ERROR;
+				io_size = (DWORD)transfer_priv->pollable_fd.overlapped->InternalHigh;
+			// Regular async overlapped
+			} else if (GetOverlappedResult(transfer_priv->pollable_fd.handle,
+				transfer_priv->pollable_fd.overlapped, &io_size, false)) {
+				io_result = NO_ERROR;
+			} else {
+				io_result = GetLastError();
+			}
+			usbi_remove_pollfd(ctx, transfer_priv->pollable_fd.fd);
+			// let handle_callback free the event using the transfer wfd
+			// If you don't use the transfer wfd, you run a risk of trying to free a
+			// newly allocated wfd that took the place of the one from the transfer.
+			windows_handle_callback(transfer, io_result, io_size);
+		} else {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not find a matching transfer for fd %x", fds[i]);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+		}
+	}
+
+	usbi_mutex_unlock(&ctx->open_devs_lock);
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Monotonic and real time functions
+ */
+unsigned __stdcall windows_clock_gettime_threaded(void* param)
+{
+	LARGE_INTEGER hires_counter, li_frequency;
+	LONG nb_responses;
+	int timer_index;
+
+	// Init - find out if we have access to a monotonic (hires) timer
+	if (!QueryPerformanceFrequency(&li_frequency)) {
+		usbi_dbg("no hires timer available on this platform");
+		hires_frequency = 0;
+		hires_ticks_to_ps = UINT64_C(0);
+	} else {
+		hires_frequency = li_frequency.QuadPart;
+		// The hires frequency can go as high as 4 GHz, so we'll use a conversion
+		// to picoseconds to compute the tv_nsecs part in clock_gettime
+		hires_ticks_to_ps = UINT64_C(1000000000000) / hires_frequency;
+		usbi_dbg("hires timer available (Frequency: %"PRIu64" Hz)", hires_frequency);
+	}
+
+	// Main loop - wait for requests
+	while (1) {
+		timer_index = WaitForMultipleObjects(2, timer_request, FALSE, INFINITE) - WAIT_OBJECT_0;
+		if ( (timer_index != 0) && (timer_index != 1) ) {
+			usbi_dbg("failure to wait on requests: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (request_count[timer_index] == 0) {
+			// Request already handled
+			ResetEvent(timer_request[timer_index]);
+			// There's still a possiblity that a thread sends a request between the
+			// time we test request_count[] == 0 and we reset the event, in which case
+			// the request would be ignored. The simple solution to that is to test
+			// request_count again and process requests if non zero.
+			if (request_count[timer_index] == 0)
+				continue;
+		}
+		switch (timer_index) {
+		case 0:
+			WaitForSingleObject(timer_mutex, INFINITE);
+			// Requests to this thread are for hires always
+			if (QueryPerformanceCounter(&hires_counter) != 0) {
+				timer_tp.tv_sec = (long)(hires_counter.QuadPart / hires_frequency);
+				timer_tp.tv_nsec = (long)(((hires_counter.QuadPart % hires_frequency)/1000) * hires_ticks_to_ps);
+			} else {
+				// Fallback to real-time if we can't get monotonic value
+				// Note that real-time clock does not wait on the mutex or this thread.
+				windows_clock_gettime(USBI_CLOCK_REALTIME, &timer_tp);
+			}
+			ReleaseMutex(timer_mutex);
+
+			INIT_INTERLOCKEDEXCHANGE;
+			nb_responses = pInterlockedExchange((LONG*)&request_count[0], 0);
+			if ( (nb_responses)
+			  && (ReleaseSemaphore(timer_response, nb_responses, NULL) == 0) ) {
+				usbi_dbg("unable to release timer semaphore %d: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+			}
+			continue;
+		case 1: // time to quit
+			usbi_dbg("timer thread quitting");
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	usbi_dbg("ERROR: broken timer thread");
+	return 1;
+}
+
+static int windows_clock_gettime(int clk_id, struct timespec *tp)
+{
+	FILETIME filetime;
+	ULARGE_INTEGER rtime;
+	DWORD r;
+	switch(clk_id) {
+	case USBI_CLOCK_MONOTONIC:
+		if (hires_frequency != 0) {
+			INIT_INTERLOCKEDINCREMENT;
+			while (1) {
+				pInterlockedIncrement((LONG*)&request_count[0]);
+				SetEvent(timer_request[0]);
+				r = WaitForSingleObject(timer_response, TIMER_REQUEST_RETRY_MS);
+				switch(r) {
+				case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
+					WaitForSingleObject(timer_mutex, INFINITE);
+					*tp = timer_tp;
+					ReleaseMutex(timer_mutex);
+					return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+				case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
+					usbi_dbg("could not obtain a timer value within reasonable timeframe - too much load?");
+					break; // Retry until successful
+				default:
+					usbi_dbg("WaitForSingleObject failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+					return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// Fall through and return real-time if monotonic was not detected @ timer init
+	case USBI_CLOCK_REALTIME:
+		// We follow http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms724928%28VS.85%29.aspx
+		// with a predef epoch_time to have an epoch that starts at 1970.01.01 00:00
+		// Note however that our resolution is bounded by the Windows system time
+		// functions and is at best of the order of 1 ms (or, usually, worse)
+		GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&filetime);
+		rtime.LowPart = filetime.dwLowDateTime;
+		rtime.HighPart = filetime.dwHighDateTime;
+		rtime.QuadPart -= epoch_time;
+		tp->tv_sec = (long)(rtime.QuadPart / 10000000);
+		tp->tv_nsec = (long)((rtime.QuadPart % 10000000)*100);
+		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	default:
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+}
+
+
+// NB: MSVC6 does not support named initializers.
+const struct usbi_os_backend windows_backend = {
+	"Windows",
+	windows_init,
+	windows_exit,
+
+	windows_get_device_list,
+	windows_open,
+	windows_close,
+
+	windows_get_device_descriptor,
+	windows_get_active_config_descriptor,
+	windows_get_config_descriptor,
+
+	windows_get_configuration,
+	windows_set_configuration,
+	windows_claim_interface,
+	windows_release_interface,
+
+	windows_set_interface_altsetting,
+	windows_clear_halt,
+	windows_reset_device,
+
+	windows_kernel_driver_active,
+	windows_detach_kernel_driver,
+	windows_attach_kernel_driver,
+
+	windows_destroy_device,
+
+	windows_submit_transfer,
+	windows_cancel_transfer,
+	windows_clear_transfer_priv,
+
+	windows_handle_events,
+
+	windows_clock_gettime,
+#if defined(USBI_TIMERFD_AVAILABLE)
+	NULL,
+#endif
+	sizeof(struct windows_device_priv),
+	sizeof(struct windows_device_handle_priv),
+	sizeof(struct windows_transfer_priv),
+	0,
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * USB API backends
+ */
+static int unsupported_init(struct libusb_context *ctx) {
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+static int unsupported_exit(void) {
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+static int unsupported_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(open);
+}
+static void unsupported_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle) {
+	usbi_dbg("unsupported API call for 'close'");
+}
+static int unsupported_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(claim_interface);
+}
+static int unsupported_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface, int altsetting) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(set_interface_altsetting);
+}
+static int unsupported_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(release_interface);
+}
+static int unsupported_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(clear_halt);
+}
+static int unsupported_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(reset_device);
+}
+static int unsupported_submit_bulk_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(submit_bulk_transfer);
+}
+static int unsupported_submit_iso_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(submit_iso_transfer);
+}
+static int unsupported_submit_control_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(submit_control_transfer);
+}
+static int unsupported_abort_control(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(abort_control);
+}
+static int unsupported_abort_transfers(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(abort_transfers);
+}
+static int unsupported_copy_transfer_data(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, uint32_t io_size) {
+	PRINT_UNSUPPORTED_API(copy_transfer_data);
+}
+
+// These names must be uppercase
+const char* hub_driver_names[] = {"USBHUB"};
+const char* composite_driver_names[] = {"USBCCGP"};
+const char* winusb_driver_names[] = {"WINUSB"};
+const char* hid_driver_names[] = {"HIDUSB", "MOUHID", "KBDHID"};
+const struct windows_usb_api_backend usb_api_backend[USB_API_MAX] = {
+	{
+		USB_API_UNSUPPORTED,
+		"Unsupported API",
+		&CLASS_GUID_UNSUPPORTED,
+		NULL,
+		0,
+		unsupported_init,
+		unsupported_exit,
+		unsupported_open,
+		unsupported_close,
+		unsupported_claim_interface,
+		unsupported_set_interface_altsetting,
+		unsupported_release_interface,
+		unsupported_clear_halt,
+		unsupported_reset_device,
+		unsupported_submit_bulk_transfer,
+		unsupported_submit_iso_transfer,
+		unsupported_submit_control_transfer,
+		unsupported_abort_control,
+		unsupported_abort_transfers,
+		unsupported_copy_transfer_data,
+	}, {
+		USB_API_HUB,
+		"HUB API",
+		&CLASS_GUID_UNSUPPORTED,
+		hub_driver_names,
+		sizeof(hub_driver_names)/sizeof(hub_driver_names[0]),
+		unsupported_init,
+		unsupported_exit,
+		hub_open,
+		hub_close,
+		unsupported_claim_interface,
+		unsupported_set_interface_altsetting,
+		unsupported_release_interface,
+		unsupported_clear_halt,
+		unsupported_reset_device,
+		unsupported_submit_bulk_transfer,
+		unsupported_submit_iso_transfer,
+		unsupported_submit_control_transfer,
+		unsupported_abort_control,
+		unsupported_abort_transfers,
+		unsupported_copy_transfer_data,
+	}, {
+		USB_API_COMPOSITE,
+		"Composite API",
+		&CLASS_GUID_COMPOSITE,
+		composite_driver_names,
+		sizeof(composite_driver_names)/sizeof(composite_driver_names[0]),
+		composite_init,
+		composite_exit,
+		composite_open,
+		composite_close,
+		composite_claim_interface,
+		composite_set_interface_altsetting,
+		composite_release_interface,
+		composite_clear_halt,
+		composite_reset_device,
+		composite_submit_bulk_transfer,
+		composite_submit_iso_transfer,
+		composite_submit_control_transfer,
+		composite_abort_control,
+		composite_abort_transfers,
+		composite_copy_transfer_data,
+	}, {
+		USB_API_WINUSB,
+		"WinUSB API",
+		&CLASS_GUID_LIBUSB_WINUSB,
+		winusb_driver_names,
+		sizeof(winusb_driver_names)/sizeof(winusb_driver_names[0]),
+		winusb_init,
+		winusb_exit,
+		winusb_open,
+		winusb_close,
+		winusb_claim_interface,
+		winusb_set_interface_altsetting,
+		winusb_release_interface,
+		winusb_clear_halt,
+		winusb_reset_device,
+		winusb_submit_bulk_transfer,
+		unsupported_submit_iso_transfer,
+		winusb_submit_control_transfer,
+		winusb_abort_control,
+		winusb_abort_transfers,
+		winusb_copy_transfer_data,
+	}, {
+		USB_API_HID,
+		"HID API",
+		&CLASS_GUID_HID,
+		hid_driver_names,
+		sizeof(hid_driver_names)/sizeof(hid_driver_names[0]),
+		hid_init,
+		hid_exit,
+		hid_open,
+		hid_close,
+		hid_claim_interface,
+		hid_set_interface_altsetting,
+		hid_release_interface,
+		hid_clear_halt,
+		hid_reset_device,
+		hid_submit_bulk_transfer,
+		unsupported_submit_iso_transfer,
+		hid_submit_control_transfer,
+		hid_abort_transfers,
+		hid_abort_transfers,
+		hid_copy_transfer_data,
+	},
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * HUB API functions - only cached descriptors readout for now
+ * might be expanded if
+ */
+static int hub_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void hub_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ * WinUSB API functions
+ */
+static int winusb_init(struct libusb_context *ctx)
+{
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_Initialize, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_Free, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_GetAssociatedInterface, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_GetDescriptor, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_QueryInterfaceSettings, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_QueryDeviceInformation, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_SetCurrentAlternateSetting, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_GetCurrentAlternateSetting, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_QueryPipe, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_SetPipePolicy, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_GetPipePolicy, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_ReadPipe, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_WritePipe, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_ControlTransfer, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_ResetPipe, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_AbortPipe, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(winusb.dll, WinUsb_FlushPipe, TRUE);
+
+	api_winusb_available = true;
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int winusb_exit(void)
+{
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// NB: open and close must ensure that they only handle interface of
+// the right API type, as these functions can be called wholesale from
+// composite_open(), with interfaces belonging to different APIs
+static int winusb_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+
+	HANDLE file_handle;
+	int i;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	// WinUSB requires a seperate handle for each interface
+	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
+		if ( (priv->usb_interface[i].path != NULL)
+		  && (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == USB_API_WINUSB) ) {
+			file_handle = CreateFileA(priv->usb_interface[i].path, GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_READ,
+				NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, NULL);
+			if (file_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+				usbi_err(ctx, "could not open device %s (interface %d): %s", priv->usb_interface[i].path, i, windows_error_str(0));
+				switch(GetLastError()) {
+				case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:	// The device was disconnected
+					return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+				case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+					return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
+				default:
+					return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+				}
+			}
+			handle_priv->interface_handle[i].dev_handle = file_handle;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void winusb_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	HANDLE file_handle;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!api_winusb_available)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
+		if (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == USB_API_WINUSB) {
+			file_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[i].dev_handle;
+			if ( (file_handle != 0) && (file_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
+				CloseHandle(file_handle);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int winusb_configure_endpoints(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	HANDLE winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle;
+	UCHAR policy;
+	ULONG timeout = 0;
+	uint8_t endpoint_address;
+	int i;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	// With handle and enpoints set (in parent), we can setup the default pipe properties
+	// see http://download.microsoft.com/download/D/1/D/D1DD7745-426B-4CC3-A269-ABBBE427C0EF/DVC-T705_DDC08.pptx
+	for (i=-1; i<priv->usb_interface[iface].nb_endpoints; i++) {
+		endpoint_address =(i==-1)?0:priv->usb_interface[iface].endpoint[i];
+		if (!WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
+			PIPE_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT, sizeof(ULONG), &timeout)) {
+			usbi_dbg("failed to set PIPE_TRANSFER_TIMEOUT for control endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
+		}
+		if (i == -1) continue;	// Other policies don't apply to control endpoint
+		policy = false;
+		if (!WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
+			SHORT_PACKET_TERMINATE, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy)) {
+			usbi_dbg("failed to disable SHORT_PACKET_TERMINATE for endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
+		}
+		if (!WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
+			IGNORE_SHORT_PACKETS, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy)) {
+			usbi_dbg("failed to disable IGNORE_SHORT_PACKETS for endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
+		}
+		if (!WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
+			ALLOW_PARTIAL_READS, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy)) {
+			usbi_dbg("failed to disable ALLOW_PARTIAL_READS for endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
+		}
+		policy = true;
+		if (!WinUsb_SetPipePolicy(winusb_handle, endpoint_address,
+			AUTO_CLEAR_STALL, sizeof(UCHAR), &policy)) {
+			usbi_dbg("failed to enable AUTO_CLEAR_STALL for endpoint %02X", endpoint_address);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int winusb_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	bool is_using_usbccgp = (priv->apib->id == USB_API_COMPOSITE);
+	HANDLE file_handle, winusb_handle;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	// If the device is composite, but using the default Windows composite parent driver (usbccgp)
+	// or if it's the first WinUSB interface, we get a handle through WinUsb_Initialize().
+	if ((is_using_usbccgp) || (iface == 0)) {
+		// composite device (independent interfaces) or interface 0
+		winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle;
+		file_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle;
+		if ((file_handle == 0) || (file_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+		}
+
+		if (!WinUsb_Initialize(file_handle, &winusb_handle)) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not access interface %d: %s", iface, windows_error_str(0));
+			handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+			switch(GetLastError()) {
+			case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND:	// The device was disconnected
+				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+			default:
+				usbi_err(ctx, "could not claim interface %d: %s", iface, windows_error_str(0));
+				return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
+			}
+		}
+		handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle = winusb_handle;
+	} else {
+		// For all other interfaces, use WinUsb_GetAssociatedInterface()
+		winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[0].api_handle;
+		// It is a requirement for multiple interface devices on Windows that, to you
+		// must first claim the first interface before you claim the others
+		if ((winusb_handle == 0) || (winusb_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
+#if defined(AUTO_CLAIM)
+			file_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[0].dev_handle;
+			if (WinUsb_Initialize(file_handle, &winusb_handle)) {
+				handle_priv->interface_handle[0].api_handle = winusb_handle;
+				usbi_warn(ctx, "auto-claimed interface 0 (required to claim %d with WinUSB)", iface);
+			} else {
+				usbi_warn(ctx, "failed to auto-claim interface 0 (required to claim %d with WinUSB)", iface);
+				return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
+			}
+#else
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "you must claim interface 0 before you can claim %d with WinUSB", iface);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
+#endif
+		}
+		if (!WinUsb_GetAssociatedInterface(winusb_handle, (UCHAR)(iface-1),
+			&handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle)) {
+			handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+			switch(GetLastError()) {
+			case ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS:   // invalid iface
+				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+			case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND:     // The device was disconnected
+				return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+			case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS:  // already claimed
+				return LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY;
+			default:
+				usbi_err(ctx, "could not claim interface %d: %s", iface, windows_error_str(0));
+				return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	usbi_dbg("claimed interface %d", iface);
+	handle_priv->active_interface = iface;
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int winusb_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	HANDLE winusb_handle;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle;
+	if ((winusb_handle == 0) || (winusb_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	WinUsb_Free(winusb_handle);
+	handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the first valid interface (of the same API type), for control transfers
+ */
+static int get_valid_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int api_id)
+{
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	int i;
+
+	if ((api_id < USB_API_WINUSB) || (api_id > USB_API_HID)) {
+		usbi_dbg("unsupported API ID");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i=0; i<USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
+		if ( (handle_priv->interface_handle[i].dev_handle != 0)
+		  && (handle_priv->interface_handle[i].dev_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		  && (handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle != 0)
+		  && (handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		  && (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == api_id) ) {
+			return i;
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lookup interface by endpoint address. -1 if not found
+ */
+static int interface_by_endpoint(struct windows_device_priv *priv,
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv, uint8_t endpoint_address)
+{
+	int i, j;
+	for (i=0; i<USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
+		if (handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+			continue;
+		if (handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle == 0)
+			continue;
+		if (priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint == NULL)
+			continue;
+		for (j=0; j<priv->usb_interface[i].nb_endpoints; j++) {
+			if (priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j] == endpoint_address) {
+				return i;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int winusb_submit_control_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(
+		transfer->dev_handle);
+	WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET *setup = (WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET *) transfer->buffer;
+	ULONG size;
+	HANDLE winusb_handle;
+	int current_interface;
+	struct winfd wfd;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	transfer_priv->pollable_fd = INVALID_WINFD;
+	size = transfer->length - LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE;
+
+	if (size > MAX_CTRL_BUFFER_LENGTH)
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+	current_interface = get_valid_interface(transfer->dev_handle, USB_API_WINUSB);
+	if (current_interface < 0) {
+#if defined(AUTO_CLAIM)
+		if (auto_claim(transfer, &current_interface, USB_API_WINUSB) != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+		}
+#else
+		usbi_warn(ctx, "no interface available for control transfer");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	usbi_dbg("will use interface %d", current_interface);
+	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
+
+	wfd = usbi_create_fd(winusb_handle, _O_RDONLY);
+	// Always use the handle returned from usbi_create_fd (wfd.handle)
+	if (wfd.fd < 0) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+
+	if (!WinUsb_ControlTransfer(wfd.handle, *setup, transfer->buffer + LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE, size, NULL, wfd.overlapped)) {
+		if(GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "WinUsb_ControlTransfer failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+			usbi_free_fd(wfd.fd);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+		}
+	} else {
+		wfd.overlapped->Internal = STATUS_COMPLETED_SYNCHRONOUSLY;
+		wfd.overlapped->InternalHigh = (DWORD)size;
+	}
+
+	// Use priv_transfer to store data needed for async polling
+	transfer_priv->pollable_fd = wfd;
+	transfer_priv->interface_number = (uint8_t)current_interface;
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int winusb_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface, int altsetting)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	HANDLE winusb_handle;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	if (altsetting > 255) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+
+	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].api_handle;
+	if ((winusb_handle == 0) || (winusb_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "interface must be claimed first");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	if (!WinUsb_SetCurrentAlternateSetting(winusb_handle, (UCHAR)altsetting)) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "WinUsb_SetCurrentAlternateSetting failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int winusb_submit_bulk_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	HANDLE winusb_handle;
+	bool direction_in, ret;
+	int current_interface;
+	struct winfd wfd;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	transfer_priv->pollable_fd = INVALID_WINFD;
+
+	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, transfer->endpoint);
+	if (current_interface < 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cancelling transfer");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	usbi_dbg("matched endpoint %02X with interface %d", transfer->endpoint, current_interface);
+
+	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
+	direction_in = transfer->endpoint & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN;
+
+	wfd = usbi_create_fd(winusb_handle, direction_in?_O_RDONLY:_O_WRONLY);
+	// Always use the handle returned from usbi_create_fd (wfd.handle)
+	if (wfd.fd < 0) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+
+	if (direction_in) {
+		usbi_dbg("reading %d bytes", transfer->length);
+		ret = WinUsb_ReadPipe(wfd.handle, transfer->endpoint, transfer->buffer, transfer->length, NULL, wfd.overlapped);
+	} else {
+		usbi_dbg("writing %d bytes", transfer->length);
+		ret = WinUsb_WritePipe(wfd.handle, transfer->endpoint, transfer->buffer, transfer->length, NULL, wfd.overlapped);
+	}
+	if (!ret) {
+		if(GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "WinUsb_Pipe Transfer failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+			usbi_free_fd(wfd.fd);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+		}
+	} else {
+		wfd.overlapped->Internal = STATUS_COMPLETED_SYNCHRONOUSLY;
+		wfd.overlapped->InternalHigh = (DWORD)transfer->length;
+	}
+
+	transfer_priv->pollable_fd = wfd;
+	transfer_priv->interface_number = (uint8_t)current_interface;
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int winusb_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	HANDLE winusb_handle;
+	int current_interface;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, endpoint);
+	if (current_interface < 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cannot clear");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	usbi_dbg("matched endpoint %02X with interface %d", endpoint, current_interface);
+	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
+
+	if (!WinUsb_ResetPipe(winusb_handle, endpoint)) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "WinUsb_ResetPipe failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * from http://www.winvistatips.com/winusb-bugchecks-t335323.html (confirmed
+ * through testing as well):
+ * "You can not call WinUsb_AbortPipe on control pipe. You can possibly cancel
+ * the control transfer using CancelIo"
+ */
+static int winusb_abort_control(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	// Cancelling of the I/O is done in the parent
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int winusb_abort_transfers(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	HANDLE winusb_handle;
+	int current_interface;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	current_interface = transfer_priv->interface_number;
+	if ((current_interface < 0) || (current_interface >= USB_MAXINTERFACES)) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed: invalid interface_number");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+	usbi_dbg("will use interface %d", current_interface);
+
+	winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
+
+	if (!WinUsb_AbortPipe(winusb_handle, transfer->endpoint)) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "WinUsb_AbortPipe failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+ * from the "How to Use WinUSB to Communicate with a USB Device" Microsoft white paper
+ * (http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/connect/usb/winusb_howto.mspx):
+ * "WinUSB does not support host-initiated reset port and cycle port operations" and
+ * IOCTL_INTERNAL_USB_CYCLE_PORT is only available in kernel mode and the
+ * IOCTL_USB_HUB_CYCLE_PORT ioctl was removed from Vista => the best we can do is
+ * cycle the pipes (and even then, the control pipe can not be reset using WinUSB)
+ */
+// TODO (post hotplug): see if we can force eject the device and redetect it (reuse hotplug?)
+static int winusb_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct winfd wfd;
+	HANDLE winusb_handle;
+	int i, j;
+
+	CHECK_WINUSB_AVAILABLE;
+
+	// Reset any available pipe (except control)
+	for (i=0; i<USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
+		winusb_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle;
+		for (wfd = handle_to_winfd(winusb_handle); wfd.fd > 0;)
+		{
+			// Cancel any pollable I/O
+			usbi_remove_pollfd(ctx, wfd.fd);
+			usbi_free_fd(wfd.fd);
+			wfd = handle_to_winfd(winusb_handle);
+		}
+
+		if ( (winusb_handle != 0) && (winusb_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
+			for (j=0; j<priv->usb_interface[i].nb_endpoints; j++) {
+				usbi_dbg("resetting ep %02X", priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j]);
+				if (!WinUsb_AbortPipe(winusb_handle, priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j])) {
+					usbi_err(ctx, "WinUsb_AbortPipe (pipe address %02X) failed: %s",
+						priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j], windows_error_str(0));
+				}
+				// FlushPipe seems to fail on OUT pipes
+				if ( (priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j] & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN)
+				  && (!WinUsb_FlushPipe(winusb_handle, priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j])) ) {
+					usbi_err(ctx, "WinUsb_FlushPipe (pipe address %02X) failed: %s",
+						priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j], windows_error_str(0));
+				}
+				if (!WinUsb_ResetPipe(winusb_handle, priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j])) {
+					usbi_err(ctx, "WinUsb_ResetPipe (pipe address %02X) failed: %s",
+						priv->usb_interface[i].endpoint[j], windows_error_str(0));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int winusb_copy_transfer_data(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, uint32_t io_size)
+{
+	itransfer->transferred += io_size;
+	return LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Internal HID Support functions (from libusb-win32)
+ * Note that functions that complete data transfer synchronously must return
+ * LIBUSB_COMPLETED instead of LIBUSB_SUCCESS
+ */
+static int _hid_get_hid_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv* dev, void *data, size_t *size);
+static int _hid_get_report_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv* dev, void *data, size_t *size);
+
+static int _hid_wcslen(WCHAR *str)
+{
+	int i = 0;
+	while (str[i] && (str[i] != 0x409)) {
+		i++;
+	}
+	return i;
+}
+
+static int _hid_get_device_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv* dev, void *data, size_t *size)
+{
+	struct libusb_device_descriptor d;
+
+	d.bLength = LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE;
+	d.bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE;
+	d.bcdUSB = 0x0200; /* 2.00 */
+	d.bDeviceClass = 0;
+	d.bDeviceSubClass = 0;
+	d.bDeviceProtocol = 0;
+	d.bMaxPacketSize0 = 64; /* fix this! */
+	d.idVendor = (uint16_t)dev->vid;
+	d.idProduct = (uint16_t)dev->pid;
+	d.bcdDevice = 0x0100;
+	d.iManufacturer = dev->string_index[0];
+	d.iProduct = dev->string_index[1];
+	d.iSerialNumber = dev->string_index[2];
+	d.bNumConfigurations = 1;
+
+	if (*size > LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE)
+		*size = LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE;
+	memcpy(data, &d, *size);
+	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+}
+
+static int _hid_get_config_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv* dev, void *data, size_t *size)
+{
+	char num_endpoints = 0;
+	size_t config_total_len = 0;
+	char tmp[HID_MAX_CONFIG_DESC_SIZE];
+	struct libusb_config_descriptor *cd;
+	struct libusb_interface_descriptor *id;
+	struct libusb_hid_descriptor *hd;
+	struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *ed;
+	size_t tmp_size;
+
+	if (dev->input_report_size)
+		num_endpoints++;
+	if (dev->output_report_size)
+		num_endpoints++;
+
+	config_total_len = LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE + LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE
+		+ LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE + num_endpoints * LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE;
+
+
+	cd = (struct libusb_config_descriptor *)tmp;
+	id = (struct libusb_interface_descriptor *)(tmp + LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE);
+	hd = (struct libusb_hid_descriptor *)(tmp + LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE
+		+ LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE);
+	ed = (struct libusb_endpoint_descriptor *)(tmp + LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE
+		+ LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE
+		+ LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE);
+
+	cd->bLength = LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE;
+	cd->bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG;
+	cd->wTotalLength = (uint16_t) config_total_len;
+	cd->bNumInterfaces = 1;
+	cd->bConfigurationValue = 1;
+	cd->iConfiguration = 0;
+	cd->bmAttributes = 1 << 7; /* bus powered */
+	cd->MaxPower = 50;
+
+	id->bLength = LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE;
+	id->bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_INTERFACE;
+	id->bInterfaceNumber = 0;
+	id->bAlternateSetting = 0;
+	id->bNumEndpoints = num_endpoints;
+	id->bInterfaceClass = 3;
+	id->bInterfaceSubClass = 0;
+	id->bInterfaceProtocol = 0;
+	id->iInterface = 0;
+
+	tmp_size = LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE;
+	_hid_get_hid_descriptor(dev, hd, &tmp_size);
+
+	if (dev->input_report_size) {
+		ed->bLength = LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE;
+		ed->bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT;
+		ed->bEndpointAddress = HID_IN_EP;
+		ed->bmAttributes = 3;
+		ed->wMaxPacketSize = dev->input_report_size - 1;
+		ed->bInterval = 10;
+
+		ed++;
+	}
+
+	if (dev->output_report_size) {
+		ed->bLength = LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT_SIZE;
+		ed->bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_ENDPOINT;
+		ed->bEndpointAddress = HID_OUT_EP;
+		ed->bmAttributes = 3;
+		ed->wMaxPacketSize = dev->output_report_size - 1;
+		ed->bInterval = 10;
+	}
+
+	if (*size > config_total_len)
+		*size = config_total_len;
+	memcpy(data, tmp, *size);
+	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+}
+
+static int _hid_get_string_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv* dev, int _index,
+									  void *data, size_t *size)
+{
+	void *tmp = NULL;
+	size_t tmp_size = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	/* language ID, EN-US */
+	char string_langid[] = {
+		0x09,
+		0x04
+	};
+
+	if ((*size < 2) || (*size > 255)) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW;
+	}
+
+	if (_index == 0) {
+		tmp = string_langid;
+		tmp_size = sizeof(string_langid)+2;
+	} else {
+		for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
+			if (_index == (dev->string_index[i])) {
+				tmp = dev->string[i];
+				tmp_size = (_hid_wcslen(dev->string[i])+1) * sizeof(WCHAR);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (i == 3) {	// not found
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if(!tmp_size) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+
+	if (tmp_size < *size) {
+		*size = tmp_size;
+	}
+	// 2 byte header
+	((uint8_t*)data)[0] = (uint8_t)*size;
+	((uint8_t*)data)[1] = LIBUSB_DT_STRING;
+	memcpy((uint8_t*)data+2, tmp, *size-2);
+	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+}
+
+static int _hid_get_hid_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv* dev, void *data, size_t *size)
+{
+	struct libusb_hid_descriptor d;
+	uint8_t tmp[MAX_HID_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE];
+	size_t report_len = MAX_HID_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE;
+
+	_hid_get_report_descriptor(dev, tmp, &report_len);
+
+	d.bLength = LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE;
+	d.bDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_HID;
+	d.bcdHID = 0x0110; /* 1.10 */
+	d.bCountryCode = 0;
+	d.bNumDescriptors = 1;
+	d.bClassDescriptorType = LIBUSB_DT_REPORT;
+	d.wClassDescriptorLength = (uint16_t)report_len;
+
+	if (*size > LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE)
+		*size = LIBUSB_DT_HID_SIZE;
+	memcpy(data, &d, *size);
+	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+}
+
+static int _hid_get_report_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv* dev, void *data, size_t *size)
+{
+	uint8_t d[MAX_HID_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE];
+	size_t i = 0;
+
+	/* usage page (0xFFA0 == vendor defined) */
+	d[i++] = 0x06; d[i++] = 0xA0; d[i++] = 0xFF;
+	/* usage (vendor defined) */
+	d[i++] = 0x09; d[i++] = 0x01;
+	/* start collection (application) */
+	d[i++] = 0xA1; d[i++] = 0x01;
+	/* input report */
+	if (dev->input_report_size) {
+		/* usage (vendor defined) */
+		d[i++] = 0x09; d[i++] = 0x01;
+		/* logical minimum (0) */
+		d[i++] = 0x15; d[i++] = 0x00;
+		/* logical maximum (255) */
+		d[i++] = 0x25; d[i++] = 0xFF;
+		/* report size (8 bits) */
+		d[i++] = 0x75; d[i++] = 0x08;
+		/* report count */
+		d[i++] = 0x95; d[i++] = (uint8_t)dev->input_report_size - 1;
+		/* input (data, variable, absolute) */
+		d[i++] = 0x81; d[i++] = 0x00;
+	}
+	/* output report */
+	if (dev->output_report_size) {
+		/* usage (vendor defined) */
+		d[i++] = 0x09; d[i++] = 0x02;
+		/* logical minimum (0) */
+		d[i++] = 0x15; d[i++] = 0x00;
+		/* logical maximum (255) */
+		d[i++] = 0x25; d[i++] = 0xFF;
+		/* report size (8 bits) */
+		d[i++] = 0x75; d[i++] = 0x08;
+		/* report count */
+		d[i++] = 0x95; d[i++] = (uint8_t)dev->output_report_size - 1;
+		/* output (data, variable, absolute) */
+		d[i++] = 0x91; d[i++] = 0x00;
+	}
+	/* feature report */
+	if (dev->feature_report_size) {
+		/* usage (vendor defined) */
+		d[i++] = 0x09; d[i++] = 0x03;
+		/* logical minimum (0) */
+		d[i++] = 0x15; d[i++] = 0x00;
+		/* logical maximum (255) */
+		d[i++] = 0x25; d[i++] = 0xFF;
+		/* report size (8 bits) */
+		d[i++] = 0x75; d[i++] = 0x08;
+		/* report count */
+		d[i++] = 0x95; d[i++] = (uint8_t)dev->feature_report_size - 1;
+		/* feature (data, variable, absolute) */
+		d[i++] = 0xb2; d[i++] = 0x02; d[i++] = 0x01;
+	}
+
+	/* end collection */
+	d[i++] = 0xC0;
+
+	if (*size > i)
+		*size = i;
+	memcpy(data, d, *size);
+	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+}
+
+static int _hid_get_descriptor(struct hid_device_priv* dev, HANDLE hid_handle, int recipient,
+							   int type, int _index, void *data, size_t *size)
+{
+	switch(type) {
+	case LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE:
+		usbi_dbg("LIBUSB_DT_DEVICE");
+		return _hid_get_device_descriptor(dev, data, size);
+	case LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG:
+		usbi_dbg("LIBUSB_DT_CONFIG");
+		if (!_index)
+			return _hid_get_config_descriptor(dev, data, size);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	case LIBUSB_DT_STRING:
+		usbi_dbg("LIBUSB_DT_STRING");
+		return _hid_get_string_descriptor(dev, _index, data, size);
+	case LIBUSB_DT_HID:
+		usbi_dbg("LIBUSB_DT_HID");
+		if (!_index)
+			return _hid_get_hid_descriptor(dev, data, size);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	case LIBUSB_DT_REPORT:
+		usbi_dbg("LIBUSB_DT_REPORT");
+		if (!_index)
+			return _hid_get_report_descriptor(dev, data, size);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	case LIBUSB_DT_PHYSICAL:
+		usbi_dbg("LIBUSB_DT_PHYSICAL");
+		if (HidD_GetPhysicalDescriptor(hid_handle, data, (ULONG)*size))
+			return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_OTHER;
+	}
+	usbi_dbg("unsupported");
+	return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+}
+
+static int _hid_get_report(struct hid_device_priv* dev, HANDLE hid_handle, int id, void *data,
+						   struct windows_transfer_priv *tp, size_t *size, OVERLAPPED* overlapped,
+						   int report_type)
+{
+	uint8_t *buf;
+	DWORD ioctl_code, read_size, expected_size = (DWORD)*size;
+	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+
+	if (tp->hid_buffer != NULL) {
+		usbi_dbg("program assertion failed: hid_buffer is not NULL");
+	}
+
+	if ((*size == 0) || (*size > MAX_HID_REPORT_SIZE)) {
+		usbi_dbg("invalid size (%d)", *size);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+
+	switch (report_type) {
+		case HID_REPORT_TYPE_INPUT:
+			ioctl_code = IOCTL_HID_GET_INPUT_REPORT;
+			break;
+		case HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE:
+			ioctl_code = IOCTL_HID_GET_FEATURE;
+			break;
+		default:
+			usbi_dbg("unknown HID report type %d", report_type);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+
+	// Add a trailing byte to detect overflows
+	buf = (uint8_t*)calloc(expected_size+1, 1);
+	if (buf == NULL) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+	buf[0] = (uint8_t)id;	// Must be set always
+	usbi_dbg("report ID: 0x%02X", buf[0]);
+
+	tp->hid_expected_size = expected_size;
+	read_size = expected_size;
+
+	// NB: The size returned by DeviceIoControl doesn't include report IDs when not in use (0)
+	if (!DeviceIoControl(hid_handle, ioctl_code, buf, expected_size+1,
+		buf, expected_size+1, &read_size, overlapped)) {
+		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
+			usbi_dbg("Failed to Read HID Report: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+			safe_free(buf);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+		}
+		// Asynchronous wait
+		tp->hid_buffer = buf;
+		tp->hid_dest = data; // copy dest, as not necessarily the start of the transfer buffer
+		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	// Transfer completed synchronously => copy and discard extra buffer
+	if (read_size == 0) {
+		usbi_warn(NULL, "program assertion failed - read completed synchronously, but no data was read");
+		*size = 0;
+	} else {
+		if (buf[0] != id) {
+			usbi_warn(NULL, "mismatched report ID (data is %02X, parameter is %02X)", buf[0], id);
+		}
+		if ((size_t)read_size > expected_size) {
+			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW;
+			usbi_dbg("OVERFLOW!");
+		} else {
+			r = LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+		}
+
+		*size = MIN((size_t)read_size, *size);
+		if (id == 0) {
+			// Discard report ID
+			memcpy(data, buf+1, *size);
+		} else {
+			memcpy(data, buf, *size);
+		}
+	}
+	safe_free(buf);
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int _hid_set_report(struct hid_device_priv* dev, HANDLE hid_handle, int id, void *data,
+						   struct windows_transfer_priv *tp, size_t *size, OVERLAPPED* overlapped,
+						   int report_type)
+{
+	uint8_t *buf = NULL;
+	DWORD ioctl_code, write_size= (DWORD)*size;
+
+	if (tp->hid_buffer != NULL) {
+		usbi_dbg("program assertion failed: hid_buffer is not NULL");
+	}
+
+	if ((*size == 0) || (*size > MAX_HID_REPORT_SIZE)) {
+		usbi_dbg("invalid size (%d)", *size);
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+
+	switch (report_type) {
+		case HID_REPORT_TYPE_OUTPUT:
+			ioctl_code = IOCTL_HID_SET_OUTPUT_REPORT;
+			break;
+		case HID_REPORT_TYPE_FEATURE:
+			ioctl_code = IOCTL_HID_SET_FEATURE;
+			break;
+		default:
+			usbi_dbg("unknown HID report type %d", report_type);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+
+	usbi_dbg("report ID: 0x%02X", id);
+	// When report IDs are not used (i.e. when id == 0), we must add
+	// a null report ID. Otherwise, we just use original data buffer
+	if (id == 0) {
+		write_size++;
+	}
+	buf = malloc(write_size);
+	if (buf == NULL) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+	if (id == 0) {
+		buf[0] = 0;
+		memcpy(buf + 1, data, *size);
+	} else {
+		// This seems like a waste, but if we don't duplicate the
+		// data, we'll get issues when freeing hid_buffer
+		memcpy(buf, data, *size);
+		if (buf[0] != id) {
+			usbi_warn(NULL, "mismatched report ID (data is %02X, parameter is %02X)", buf[0], id);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// NB: The size returned by DeviceIoControl doesn't include report IDs when not in use (0)
+	if (!DeviceIoControl(hid_handle, ioctl_code, buf, write_size,
+		buf, write_size, &write_size, overlapped)) {
+		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
+			usbi_dbg("Failed to Write HID Output Report: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+			safe_free(buf);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+		}
+		tp->hid_buffer = buf;
+		tp->hid_dest = NULL;
+		return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	// Transfer completed synchronously
+	*size = write_size;
+	if (write_size == 0) {
+		usbi_dbg("program assertion failed - write completed synchronously, but no data was written");
+	}
+	safe_free(buf);
+	return LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+}
+
+static int _hid_class_request(struct hid_device_priv* dev, HANDLE hid_handle, int request_type,
+							  int request, int value, int _index, void *data, struct windows_transfer_priv *tp,
+							  size_t *size, OVERLAPPED* overlapped)
+{
+	int report_type = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
+	int report_id = value & 0xFF;
+
+	if ( (LIBUSB_REQ_RECIPIENT(request_type) != LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_INTERFACE)
+	  && (LIBUSB_REQ_RECIPIENT(request_type) != LIBUSB_RECIPIENT_DEVICE) )
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+	if (LIBUSB_REQ_OUT(request_type) && request == HID_REQ_SET_REPORT)
+		return _hid_set_report(dev, hid_handle, report_id, data, tp, size, overlapped, report_type);
+
+	if (LIBUSB_REQ_IN(request_type) && request == HID_REQ_GET_REPORT)
+		return _hid_get_report(dev, hid_handle, report_id, data, tp, size, overlapped, report_type);
+
+	return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * HID API functions
+ */
+static int hid_init(struct libusb_context *ctx)
+{
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_GetAttributes, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_GetHidGuid, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_GetPreparsedData, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_FreePreparsedData, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_GetManufacturerString, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_GetProductString, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_GetSerialNumberString, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidP_GetCaps, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_SetNumInputBuffers, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_SetFeature, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_GetFeature, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_GetPhysicalDescriptor, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_GetInputReport, FALSE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_SetOutputReport, FALSE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidD_FlushQueue, TRUE);
+	DLL_LOAD(hid.dll, HidP_GetValueCaps, TRUE);
+
+	api_hid_available = true;
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int hid_exit(void)
+{
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// NB: open and close must ensure that they only handle interface of
+// the right API type, as these functions can be called wholesale from
+// composite_open(), with interfaces belonging to different APIs
+static int hid_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+
+	HIDD_ATTRIBUTES hid_attributes;
+	PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA preparsed_data = NULL;
+	HIDP_CAPS capabilities;
+	HIDP_VALUE_CAPS *value_caps;
+
+	HANDLE hid_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+	int i, j;
+	// report IDs handling
+	ULONG size[3];
+	char* type[3] = {"input", "output", "feature"};
+	int nb_ids[2];	// zero and nonzero report IDs
+
+	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
+	if (priv->hid == NULL) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - private HID structure is unitialized");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
+		if ( (priv->usb_interface[i].path != NULL)
+		  && (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == USB_API_HID) ) {
+			hid_handle = CreateFileA(priv->usb_interface[i].path, GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_READ,
+				NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, NULL);
+			/*
+			 * http://www.lvr.com/hidfaq.htm: Why do I receive "Access denied" when attempting to access my HID?
+			 * "Windows 2000 and later have exclusive read/write access to HIDs that are configured as a system
+			 * keyboards or mice. An application can obtain a handle to a system keyboard or mouse by not
+			 * requesting READ or WRITE access with CreateFile. Applications can then use HidD_SetFeature and
+			 * HidD_GetFeature (if the device supports Feature reports)."
+			 */
+			if (hid_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+				usbi_warn(ctx, "could not open HID device in R/W mode (keyboard or mouse?) - trying without");
+				hid_handle = CreateFileA(priv->usb_interface[i].path, 0, FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_READ,
+					NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, NULL);
+				if (hid_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+					usbi_err(ctx, "could not open device %s (interface %d): %s", priv->path, i, windows_error_str(0));
+					switch(GetLastError()) {
+					case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:	// The device was disconnected
+						return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+					case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
+						return LIBUSB_ERROR_ACCESS;
+					default:
+						return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+					}
+				}
+				priv->usb_interface[i].restricted_functionality = true;
+			}
+			handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle = hid_handle;
+		}
+	}
+
+	hid_attributes.Size = sizeof(hid_attributes);
+	do {
+		if (!HidD_GetAttributes(hid_handle, &hid_attributes)) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not gain access to HID top collection (HidD_GetAttributes)");
+			break;
+		}
+
+		priv->hid->vid = hid_attributes.VendorID;
+		priv->hid->pid = hid_attributes.ProductID;
+
+		// Set the maximum available input buffer size
+		for (i=32; HidD_SetNumInputBuffers(hid_handle, i); i*=2);
+		usbi_dbg("set maximum input buffer size to %d", i/2);
+
+		// Get the maximum input and output report size
+		if (!HidD_GetPreparsedData(hid_handle, &preparsed_data) || !preparsed_data) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not read HID preparsed data (HidD_GetPreparsedData)");
+			break;
+		}
+		if (HidP_GetCaps(preparsed_data, &capabilities) != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "could not parse HID capabilities (HidP_GetCaps)");
+			break;
+		}
+
+		// Find out if interrupt will need report IDs
+		size[0] = capabilities.NumberInputValueCaps;
+		size[1] = capabilities.NumberOutputValueCaps;
+		size[2] = capabilities.NumberFeatureValueCaps;
+		for (j=0; j<3; j++) {
+			usbi_dbg("%d HID %s report value(s) found", size[j], type[j]);
+			priv->hid->uses_report_ids[j] = false;
+			if (size[j] > 0) {
+				value_caps = malloc(size[j] * sizeof(HIDP_VALUE_CAPS));
+				if ( (value_caps != NULL)
+				  && (HidP_GetValueCaps(j, value_caps, &size[j], preparsed_data) == HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+				  && (size[j] >= 1) ) {
+					nb_ids[0] = 0;
+					nb_ids[1] = 0;
+					for (i=0; i<(int)size[j]; i++) {
+						usbi_dbg("  Report ID: 0x%02X", value_caps[i].ReportID);
+						if (value_caps[i].ReportID != 0) {
+							nb_ids[1]++;
+						} else {
+							nb_ids[0]++;
+						}
+					}
+					if (nb_ids[1] != 0) {
+						if (nb_ids[0] != 0) {
+							usbi_warn(ctx, "program assertion failed: zero and nonzero report IDs used for %s",
+								type[j]);
+						}
+						priv->hid->uses_report_ids[j] = true;
+					}
+				} else {
+					usbi_warn(ctx, "  could not process %s report IDs", type[j]);
+				}
+				safe_free(value_caps);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Set the report sizes
+		priv->hid->input_report_size = capabilities.InputReportByteLength;
+		priv->hid->output_report_size = capabilities.OutputReportByteLength;
+		priv->hid->feature_report_size = capabilities.FeatureReportByteLength;
+
+		// Fetch string descriptors
+		priv->hid->string_index[0] = priv->dev_descriptor.iManufacturer;
+		if (priv->hid->string_index[0] != 0) {
+			HidD_GetManufacturerString(hid_handle, priv->hid->string[0],
+				sizeof(priv->hid->string[0]));
+		} else {
+			priv->hid->string[0][0] = 0;
+		}
+		priv->hid->string_index[1] = priv->dev_descriptor.iProduct;
+		if (priv->hid->string_index[1] != 0) {
+			HidD_GetProductString(hid_handle, priv->hid->string[1],
+				sizeof(priv->hid->string[1]));
+		} else {
+			priv->hid->string[1][0] = 0;
+		}
+		priv->hid->string_index[2] = priv->dev_descriptor.iSerialNumber;
+		if (priv->hid->string_index[2] != 0) {
+			HidD_GetSerialNumberString(hid_handle, priv->hid->string[2],
+				sizeof(priv->hid->string[2]));
+		} else {
+			priv->hid->string[2][0] = 0;
+		}
+	} while(0);
+
+	if (preparsed_data) {
+		HidD_FreePreparsedData(preparsed_data);
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void hid_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	HANDLE file_handle;
+	int i;
+
+	if (!api_hid_available)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
+		if (priv->usb_interface[i].apib->id == USB_API_HID) {
+			file_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[i].api_handle;
+			if ( (file_handle != 0) && (file_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
+				CloseHandle(file_handle);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static int hid_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
+
+	// NB: Disconnection detection is not possible in this function
+	if (priv->usb_interface[iface].path == NULL) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;	// invalid iface
+	}
+
+	// We use dev_handle as a flag for interface claimed
+	if (handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle == INTERFACE_CLAIMED) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_BUSY;	// already claimed
+	}
+
+	handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle = INTERFACE_CLAIMED;
+
+	usbi_dbg("claimed interface %d", iface);
+	handle_priv->active_interface = iface;
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int hid_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
+
+	if (priv->usb_interface[iface].path == NULL) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;	// invalid iface
+	}
+
+	if (handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle != INTERFACE_CLAIMED) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;	// invalid iface
+	}
+
+	handle_priv->interface_handle[iface].dev_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int hid_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface, int altsetting)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+
+	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
+
+	if (altsetting > 255) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+
+	if (altsetting != 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "set interface altsetting not supported for altsetting >0");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int hid_submit_control_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET *setup = (WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET *) transfer->buffer;
+	HANDLE hid_handle;
+	struct winfd wfd;
+	int current_interface, config;
+	size_t size;
+	int r = LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+
+	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
+
+	transfer_priv->pollable_fd = INVALID_WINFD;
+	safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
+	transfer_priv->hid_dest = NULL;
+	size = transfer->length - LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE;
+
+	if (size > MAX_CTRL_BUFFER_LENGTH) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+	}
+
+	current_interface = get_valid_interface(transfer->dev_handle, USB_API_HID);
+	if (current_interface < 0) {
+#if defined(AUTO_CLAIM)
+		if (auto_claim(transfer, &current_interface, USB_API_HID) != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+		}
+#else
+		usbi_warn(ctx, "no interface available for control transfer");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	usbi_dbg("will use interface %d", current_interface);
+	hid_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
+	// Always use the handle returned from usbi_create_fd (wfd.handle)
+	wfd = usbi_create_fd(hid_handle, _O_RDONLY);
+	if (wfd.fd < 0) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+
+	switch(LIBUSB_REQ_TYPE(setup->request_type)) {
+	case LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_STANDARD:
+		switch(setup->request) {
+		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_DESCRIPTOR:
+			r = _hid_get_descriptor(priv->hid, wfd.handle, LIBUSB_REQ_RECIPIENT(setup->request_type),
+				(setup->value >> 8) & 0xFF, setup->value & 0xFF, transfer->buffer + LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE, &size);
+			break;
+		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_CONFIGURATION:
+			r = windows_get_configuration(transfer->dev_handle, &config);
+			if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+				size = 1;
+				((uint8_t*)transfer->buffer)[LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE] = (uint8_t)config;
+				r = LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+			}
+			break;
+		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_SET_CONFIGURATION:
+			if (setup->value == priv->active_config) {
+				r = LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+			} else {
+				usbi_warn(ctx, "cannot set configuration other than the default one");
+				r = LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+			}
+			break;
+		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_GET_INTERFACE:
+			size = 1;
+			((uint8_t*)transfer->buffer)[LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE] = 0;
+			r = LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+			break;
+		case LIBUSB_REQUEST_SET_INTERFACE:
+			r = hid_set_interface_altsetting(transfer->dev_handle, setup->index, setup->value);
+			if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+				r = LIBUSB_COMPLETED;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			usbi_warn(ctx, "unsupported HID control request");
+			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+	case LIBUSB_REQUEST_TYPE_CLASS:
+		r =_hid_class_request(priv->hid, wfd.handle, setup->request_type, setup->request, setup->value,
+			setup->index, transfer->buffer + LIBUSB_CONTROL_SETUP_SIZE, transfer_priv,
+			&size, wfd.overlapped);
+		break;
+	default:
+		usbi_warn(ctx, "unsupported HID control request");
+		r = LIBUSB_ERROR_INVALID_PARAM;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (r == LIBUSB_COMPLETED) {
+		// Force request to be completed synchronously. Transferred size has been set by previous call
+		wfd.overlapped->Internal = STATUS_COMPLETED_SYNCHRONOUSLY;
+		// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms684342%28VS.85%29.aspx
+		// set InternalHigh to the number of bytes transferred
+		wfd.overlapped->InternalHigh = (DWORD)size;
+		r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	if (r == LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+		// Use priv_transfer to store data needed for async polling
+		transfer_priv->pollable_fd = wfd;
+		transfer_priv->interface_number = (uint8_t)current_interface;
+	} else {
+		usbi_free_fd(wfd.fd);
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int hid_submit_bulk_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer) {
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct winfd wfd;
+	HANDLE hid_handle;
+	bool direction_in, ret;
+	int current_interface, length;
+	DWORD size;
+	int r = LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+
+	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
+
+	transfer_priv->pollable_fd = INVALID_WINFD;
+	transfer_priv->hid_dest = NULL;
+	safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
+
+	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, transfer->endpoint);
+	if (current_interface < 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cancelling transfer");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	usbi_dbg("matched endpoint %02X with interface %d", transfer->endpoint, current_interface);
+
+	hid_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
+	direction_in = transfer->endpoint & LIBUSB_ENDPOINT_IN;
+
+	wfd = usbi_create_fd(hid_handle, direction_in?_O_RDONLY:_O_WRONLY);
+	// Always use the handle returned from usbi_create_fd (wfd.handle)
+	if (wfd.fd < 0) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+
+	// If report IDs are not in use, an extra prefix byte must be added
+	if ( ((direction_in) && (!priv->hid->uses_report_ids[0]))
+	  || ((!direction_in) && (!priv->hid->uses_report_ids[1])) ) {
+		length = transfer->length+1;
+	} else {
+		length = transfer->length;
+	}
+	// Add a trailing byte to detect overflows on input
+	transfer_priv->hid_buffer = (uint8_t*)calloc(length+1, 1);
+	if (transfer_priv->hid_buffer == NULL) {
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_MEM;
+	}
+	transfer_priv->hid_expected_size = length;
+
+	if (direction_in) {
+		transfer_priv->hid_dest = transfer->buffer;
+		usbi_dbg("reading %d bytes (report ID: 0x%02X)", length, transfer_priv->hid_buffer[0]);
+		ret = ReadFile(wfd.handle, transfer_priv->hid_buffer, length+1, &size, wfd.overlapped);
+	} else {
+		if (!priv->hid->uses_report_ids[1]) {
+			memcpy(transfer_priv->hid_buffer+1, transfer->buffer, transfer->length);
+		} else {
+			// We could actually do without the calloc and memcpy in this case
+			memcpy(transfer_priv->hid_buffer, transfer->buffer, transfer->length);
+		}
+		usbi_dbg("writing %d bytes (report ID: 0x%02X)", length, transfer_priv->hid_buffer[0]);
+		ret = WriteFile(wfd.handle, transfer_priv->hid_buffer, length, &size, wfd.overlapped);
+	}
+	if (!ret) {
+		if (GetLastError() != ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "HID transfer failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+			usbi_free_fd(wfd.fd);
+			safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
+			return LIBUSB_ERROR_IO;
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Only write operations that completed synchronously need to free up
+		// hid_buffer. For reads, copy_transfer_data() handles that process.
+		if (!direction_in) {
+			safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
+		}
+		if (size == 0) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "program assertion failed - no data was transferred");
+			size = 1;
+		}
+		if (size > (size_t)length) {
+			usbi_err(ctx, "OVERFLOW!");
+			r = LIBUSB_ERROR_OVERFLOW;
+		}
+		wfd.overlapped->Internal = STATUS_COMPLETED_SYNCHRONOUSLY;
+		wfd.overlapped->InternalHigh = size;
+	}
+
+	transfer_priv->pollable_fd = wfd;
+	transfer_priv->interface_number = (uint8_t)current_interface;
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+static int hid_abort_transfers(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
+	HANDLE hid_handle;
+	int current_interface;
+
+	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
+
+	current_interface = transfer_priv->interface_number;
+	hid_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
+	CancelIo(hid_handle);
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int hid_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	HANDLE hid_handle;
+	int current_interface;
+
+	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
+
+	// Flushing the queues on all interfaces is the best we can achieve
+	for (current_interface = 0; current_interface < USB_MAXINTERFACES; current_interface++) {
+		hid_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
+		if ((hid_handle != 0) && (hid_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) {
+			HidD_FlushQueue(hid_handle);
+		}
+	}
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int hid_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	HANDLE hid_handle;
+	int current_interface;
+
+	CHECK_HID_AVAILABLE;
+
+	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, endpoint);
+	if (current_interface < 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cannot clear");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	usbi_dbg("matched endpoint %02X with interface %d", endpoint, current_interface);
+	hid_handle = handle_priv->interface_handle[current_interface].api_handle;
+
+	// No endpoint selection with Microsoft's implementation, so we try to flush the
+	// whole interface. Should be OK for most case scenarios
+	if (!HidD_FlushQueue(hid_handle)) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "Flushing of HID queue failed: %s", windows_error_str(0));
+		// Device was probably disconnected
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NO_DEVICE;
+	}
+
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// This extra function is only needed for HID
+static int hid_copy_transfer_data(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, uint32_t io_size) {
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	int r = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_COMPLETED;
+	uint32_t corrected_size = io_size;
+
+	if (transfer_priv->hid_buffer != NULL) {
+		// If we have a valid hid_buffer, it means the transfer was async
+		if (transfer_priv->hid_dest != NULL) {	// Data readout
+			// First, check for overflow
+			if (corrected_size > transfer_priv->hid_expected_size) {
+				usbi_err(ctx, "OVERFLOW!");
+				corrected_size = (uint32_t)transfer_priv->hid_expected_size;
+				r = LIBUSB_TRANSFER_OVERFLOW;
+			}
+
+			if (transfer_priv->hid_buffer[0] == 0) {
+				// Discard the 1 byte report ID prefix
+				corrected_size--;
+				memcpy(transfer_priv->hid_dest, transfer_priv->hid_buffer+1, corrected_size);
+			} else {
+				memcpy(transfer_priv->hid_dest, transfer_priv->hid_buffer, corrected_size);
+			}
+			transfer_priv->hid_dest = NULL;
+		}
+		// For write, we just need to free the hid buffer
+		safe_free(transfer_priv->hid_buffer);
+	}
+	itransfer->transferred += corrected_size;
+	return r;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Composite API functions
+ */
+static int composite_init(struct libusb_context *ctx)
+{
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int composite_exit(void)
+{
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int composite_open(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	unsigned api;
+	int r;
+	uint8_t flag = 1<<USB_API_WINUSB;
+
+	for (api=USB_API_WINUSB; api<USB_API_MAX; api++) {
+		if (priv->composite_api_flags & flag) {
+			r = usb_api_backend[api].open(dev_handle);
+			if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+				return r;
+			}
+		}
+		flag <<= 1;
+	}
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void composite_close(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	unsigned api;
+	uint8_t flag = 1<<USB_API_WINUSB;
+
+	for (api=USB_API_WINUSB; api<USB_API_MAX; api++) {
+		if (priv->composite_api_flags & flag) {
+			usb_api_backend[api].close(dev_handle);
+		}
+		flag <<= 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static int composite_claim_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	return priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->claim_interface(dev_handle, iface);
+}
+
+static int composite_set_interface_altsetting(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface, int altsetting)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	return priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->set_interface_altsetting(dev_handle, iface, altsetting);
+}
+
+static int composite_release_interface(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, int iface)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	return priv->usb_interface[iface].apib->release_interface(dev_handle, iface);
+}
+
+static int composite_submit_control_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	int i, pass;
+
+	// Interface shouldn't matter for control, but it does in practice, with Windows'
+	// restrictions with regards to accessing HID keyboards and mice. Try a 2 pass approach
+	for (pass = 0; pass < 2; pass++) {
+		for (i=0; i<USB_MAXINTERFACES; i++) {
+			if (priv->usb_interface[i].path != NULL) {
+				if ((pass == 0) && (priv->usb_interface[i].restricted_functionality)) {
+					usbi_dbg("trying to skip restricted interface #%d (HID keyboard or mouse?)", i);
+					continue;
+				}
+				usbi_dbg("using interface %d", i);
+				return priv->usb_interface[i].apib->submit_control_transfer(itransfer);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	usbi_err(ctx, "no libusb supported interfaces to complete request");
+	return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+}
+
+static int composite_submit_bulk_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer) {
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	int current_interface;
+
+	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, transfer->endpoint);
+	if (current_interface < 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cancelling transfer");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	return priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->submit_bulk_transfer(itransfer);
+}
+
+static int composite_submit_iso_transfer(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer) {
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(transfer->dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+	int current_interface;
+
+	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, transfer->endpoint);
+	if (current_interface < 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cancelling transfer");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	return priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->submit_iso_transfer(itransfer);
+}
+
+static int composite_clear_halt(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle, unsigned char endpoint)
+{
+	struct libusb_context *ctx = DEVICE_CTX(dev_handle->dev);
+	struct windows_device_handle_priv *handle_priv = __device_handle_priv(dev_handle);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	int current_interface;
+
+	current_interface = interface_by_endpoint(priv, handle_priv, endpoint);
+	if (current_interface < 0) {
+		usbi_err(ctx, "unable to match endpoint to an open interface - cannot clear");
+		return LIBUSB_ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+	}
+
+	return priv->usb_interface[current_interface].apib->clear_halt(dev_handle, endpoint);
+}
+
+static int composite_abort_control(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+
+	return priv->usb_interface[transfer_priv->interface_number].apib->abort_control(itransfer);
+}
+
+static int composite_abort_transfers(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+
+	return priv->usb_interface[transfer_priv->interface_number].apib->abort_transfers(itransfer);
+}
+
+static int composite_reset_device(struct libusb_device_handle *dev_handle)
+{
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(dev_handle->dev);
+	unsigned api;
+	int r;
+	uint8_t flag = 1<<USB_API_WINUSB;
+
+	for (api=USB_API_WINUSB; api<USB_API_MAX; api++) {
+		if (priv->composite_api_flags & flag) {
+			r = usb_api_backend[api].reset_device(dev_handle);
+			if (r != LIBUSB_SUCCESS) {
+				return r;
+			}
+		}
+		flag <<= 1;
+	}
+	return LIBUSB_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int composite_copy_transfer_data(struct usbi_transfer *itransfer, uint32_t io_size)
+{
+	struct libusb_transfer *transfer = __USBI_TRANSFER_TO_LIBUSB_TRANSFER(itransfer);
+	struct windows_transfer_priv *transfer_priv = usbi_transfer_get_os_priv(itransfer);
+	struct windows_device_priv *priv = __device_priv(transfer->dev_handle->dev);
+
+	return priv->usb_interface[transfer_priv->interface_number].apib->copy_transfer_data(itransfer, io_size);
+}