summaryrefslogblamecommitdiffstats
path: root/dosfstools/src/mkdosfs.c
blob: 9456ccd3a07accdb800a4f1e7ab3830f7970dfb1 (plain) (tree)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733




































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































                                                                                                                                                           
/* mkdosfs.c - utility to create FAT/MS-DOS filesystems

   Copyright (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds <torvalds@klaava.helsinki.fi>
   Copyright (C) 1992-1993 Remy Card <card@masi.ibp.fr>
   Copyright (C) 1993-1994 David Hudson <dave@humbug.demon.co.uk>
   Copyright (C) 1998 H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
   Copyright (C) 1998-2005 Roman Hodek <Roman.Hodek@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>

   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

   On Debian systems, the complete text of the GNU General Public License
   can be found in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3 file.
*/

/* Description: Utility to allow an MS-DOS filesystem to be created
   under Linux.  A lot of the basic structure of this program has been
   borrowed from Remy Card's "mke2fs" code.

   As far as possible the aim here is to make the "mkdosfs" command
   look almost identical to the other Linux filesystem make utilties,
   eg bad blocks are still specified as blocks, not sectors, but when
   it comes down to it, DOS is tied to the idea of a sector (512 bytes
   as a rule), and not the block.  For example the boot block does not
   occupy a full cluster.

   Fixes/additions May 1998 by Roman Hodek
   <Roman.Hodek@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>:
   - Atari format support
   - New options -A, -S, -C
   - Support for filesystems > 2GB
   - FAT32 support */

/* Include the header files */

#include "version.h"

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/hdreg.h>
#if defined(_USING_BIONIC_)
#include <linux/fs.h>
#else
#include <sys/mount.h>
#endif
#include <linux/fd.h>
#include <endian.h>
#include <mntent.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <asm/types.h>

#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN

#include <asm/byteorder.h>
#ifdef __le16_to_cpu
/* ++roman: 2.1 kernel headers define these function, they're probably more
 * efficient then coding the swaps machine-independently. */
#define CF_LE_W	__le16_to_cpu
#define CF_LE_L	__le32_to_cpu
#define CT_LE_W	__cpu_to_le16
#define CT_LE_L	__cpu_to_le32
#else
#define CF_LE_W(v) ((((v) & 0xff) << 8) | (((v) >> 8) & 0xff))
#define CF_LE_L(v) (((unsigned)(v)>>24) | (((unsigned)(v)>>8)&0xff00) | \
               (((unsigned)(v)<<8)&0xff0000) | ((unsigned)(v)<<24))
#define CT_LE_W(v) CF_LE_W(v)
#define CT_LE_L(v) CF_LE_L(v)
#endif /* defined(__le16_to_cpu) */

#else

#define CF_LE_W(v) (v)
#define CF_LE_L(v) (v)
#define CT_LE_W(v) (v)
#define CT_LE_L(v) (v)

#endif /* __BIG_ENDIAN */

/* In earlier versions, an own llseek() was used, but glibc lseek() is
 * sufficient (or even better :) for 64 bit offsets in the meantime */
#define llseek lseek

/* Constant definitions */

#define TRUE 1			/* Boolean constants */
#define FALSE 0

#define TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS 16
#define HARD_SECTOR_SIZE   512
#define SECTORS_PER_BLOCK ( BLOCK_SIZE / HARD_SECTOR_SIZE )

/* Macro definitions */

/* Report a failure message and return a failure error code */

#define die( str ) fatal_error( "%s: " str "\n" )

/* Mark a cluster in the FAT as bad */

#define mark_sector_bad( sector ) mark_FAT_sector( sector, FAT_BAD )

/* Compute ceil(a/b) */

inline int cdiv(int a, int b)
{
    return (a + b - 1) / b;
}

/* MS-DOS filesystem structures -- I included them here instead of
   including linux/msdos_fs.h since that doesn't include some fields we
   need */

#define ATTR_RO      1		/* read-only */
#define ATTR_HIDDEN  2		/* hidden */
#define ATTR_SYS     4		/* system */
#define ATTR_VOLUME  8		/* volume label */
#define ATTR_DIR     16		/* directory */
#define ATTR_ARCH    32		/* archived */

#define ATTR_NONE    0		/* no attribute bits */
#define ATTR_UNUSED  (ATTR_VOLUME | ATTR_ARCH | ATTR_SYS | ATTR_HIDDEN)
	/* attribute bits that are copied "as is" */

/* FAT values */
#define FAT_EOF      (atari_format ? 0x0fffffff : 0x0ffffff8)
#define FAT_BAD      0x0ffffff7

#define MSDOS_EXT_SIGN 0x29	/* extended boot sector signature */
#define MSDOS_FAT12_SIGN "FAT12   "	/* FAT12 filesystem signature */
#define MSDOS_FAT16_SIGN "FAT16   "	/* FAT16 filesystem signature */
#define MSDOS_FAT32_SIGN "FAT32   "	/* FAT32 filesystem signature */

#define BOOT_SIGN 0xAA55	/* Boot sector magic number */

#define MAX_CLUST_12	((1 << 12) - 16)
#define MAX_CLUST_16	((1 << 16) - 16)
#define MIN_CLUST_32    65529
/* M$ says the high 4 bits of a FAT32 FAT entry are reserved and don't belong
 * to the cluster number. So the max. cluster# is based on 2^28 */
#define MAX_CLUST_32	((1 << 28) - 16)

#define FAT12_THRESHOLD	4085

#define OLDGEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS	32765
#define GEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS	65531
#define GEMDOS_MAX_SECTOR_SIZE	(16*1024)

#define BOOTCODE_SIZE		448
#define BOOTCODE_FAT32_SIZE	420

/* __attribute__ ((packed)) is used on all structures to make gcc ignore any
 * alignments */

struct msdos_volume_info {
    __u8 drive_number;		/* BIOS drive number */
    __u8 RESERVED;		/* Unused */
    __u8 ext_boot_sign;		/* 0x29 if fields below exist (DOS 3.3+) */
    __u8 volume_id[4];		/* Volume ID number */
    __u8 volume_label[11];	/* Volume label */
    __u8 fs_type[8];		/* Typically FAT12 or FAT16 */
} __attribute__ ((packed));

struct msdos_boot_sector {
    __u8 boot_jump[3];		/* Boot strap short or near jump */
    __u8 system_id[8];		/* Name - can be used to special case
				   partition manager volumes */
    __u8 sector_size[2];	/* bytes per logical sector */
    __u8 cluster_size;		/* sectors/cluster */
    __u16 reserved;		/* reserved sectors */
    __u8 fats;			/* number of FATs */
    __u8 dir_entries[2];	/* root directory entries */
    __u8 sectors[2];		/* number of sectors */
    __u8 media;			/* media code (unused) */
    __u16 fat_length;		/* sectors/FAT */
    __u16 secs_track;		/* sectors per track */
    __u16 heads;		/* number of heads */
    __u32 hidden;		/* hidden sectors (unused) */
    __u32 total_sect;		/* number of sectors (if sectors == 0) */
    union {
	struct {
	    struct msdos_volume_info vi;
	    __u8 boot_code[BOOTCODE_SIZE];
	} __attribute__ ((packed)) _oldfat;
	struct {
	    __u32 fat32_length;	/* sectors/FAT */
	    __u16 flags;	/* bit 8: fat mirroring, low 4: active fat */
	    __u8 version[2];	/* major, minor filesystem version */
	    __u32 root_cluster;	/* first cluster in root directory */
	    __u16 info_sector;	/* filesystem info sector */
	    __u16 backup_boot;	/* backup boot sector */
	    __u16 reserved2[6];	/* Unused */
	    struct msdos_volume_info vi;
	    __u8 boot_code[BOOTCODE_FAT32_SIZE];
	} __attribute__ ((packed)) _fat32;
    } __attribute__ ((packed)) fstype;
    __u16 boot_sign;
} __attribute__ ((packed));
#define fat32	fstype._fat32
#define oldfat	fstype._oldfat

struct fat32_fsinfo {
    __u32 reserved1;		/* Nothing as far as I can tell */
    __u32 signature;		/* 0x61417272L */
    __u32 free_clusters;	/* Free cluster count.  -1 if unknown */
    __u32 next_cluster;		/* Most recently allocated cluster.
				 * Unused under Linux. */
    __u32 reserved2[4];
};

struct msdos_dir_entry {
    char name[8], ext[3];	/* name and extension */
    __u8 attr;			/* attribute bits */
    __u8 lcase;			/* Case for base and extension */
    __u8 ctime_ms;		/* Creation time, milliseconds */
    __u16 ctime;		/* Creation time */
    __u16 cdate;		/* Creation date */
    __u16 adate;		/* Last access date */
    __u16 starthi;		/* high 16 bits of first cl. (FAT32) */
    __u16 time, date, start;	/* time, date and first cluster */
    __u32 size;			/* file size (in bytes) */
} __attribute__ ((packed));

/* The "boot code" we put into the filesystem... it writes a message and
   tells the user to try again */

char dummy_boot_jump[3] = { 0xeb, 0x3c, 0x90 };

char dummy_boot_jump_m68k[2] = { 0x60, 0x1c };

#define MSG_OFFSET_OFFSET 3
char dummy_boot_code[BOOTCODE_SIZE] = "\x0e"	/* push cs */
    "\x1f"			/* pop ds */
    "\xbe\x5b\x7c"		/* mov si, offset message_txt */
    /* write_msg: */
    "\xac"			/* lodsb */
    "\x22\xc0"			/* and al, al */
    "\x74\x0b"			/* jz key_press */
    "\x56"			/* push si */
    "\xb4\x0e"			/* mov ah, 0eh */
    "\xbb\x07\x00"		/* mov bx, 0007h */
    "\xcd\x10"			/* int 10h */
    "\x5e"			/* pop si */
    "\xeb\xf0"			/* jmp write_msg */
    /* key_press: */
    "\x32\xe4"			/* xor ah, ah */
    "\xcd\x16"			/* int 16h */
    "\xcd\x19"			/* int 19h */
    "\xeb\xfe"			/* foo: jmp foo */
    /* message_txt: */
    "This is not a bootable disk.  Please insert a bootable floppy and\r\n"
    "press any key to try again ... \r\n";

#define MESSAGE_OFFSET 29	/* Offset of message in above code */

/* Global variables - the root of all evil :-) - see these and weep! */

static char *program_name = "mkdosfs";	/* Name of the program */
static char *device_name = NULL;	/* Name of the device on which to create the filesystem */
static int atari_format = 0;	/* Use Atari variation of MS-DOS FS format */
static int check = FALSE;	/* Default to no readablity checking */
static int verbose = 0;		/* Default to verbose mode off */
static long volume_id;		/* Volume ID number */
static time_t create_time;	/* Creation time */
static struct timeval create_timeval;	/* Creation time */
static char volume_name[] = "           ";	/* Volume name */
static unsigned long long blocks;	/* Number of blocks in filesystem */
static int sector_size = 512;	/* Size of a logical sector */
static int sector_size_set = 0;	/* User selected sector size */
static int backup_boot = 0;	/* Sector# of backup boot sector */
static int reserved_sectors = 0;	/* Number of reserved sectors */
static int badblocks = 0;	/* Number of bad blocks in the filesystem */
static int nr_fats = 2;		/* Default number of FATs to produce */
static int size_fat = 0;	/* Size in bits of FAT entries */
static int size_fat_by_user = 0;	/* 1 if FAT size user selected */
static int dev = -1;		/* FS block device file handle */
static int ignore_full_disk = 0;	/* Ignore warning about 'full' disk devices */
static off_t currently_testing = 0;	/* Block currently being tested (if autodetect bad blocks) */
static struct msdos_boot_sector bs;	/* Boot sector data */
static int start_data_sector;	/* Sector number for the start of the data area */
static int start_data_block;	/* Block number for the start of the data area */
static unsigned char *fat;	/* File allocation table */
static unsigned alloced_fat_length;	/* # of FAT sectors we can keep in memory */
static unsigned char *info_sector;	/* FAT32 info sector */
static struct msdos_dir_entry *root_dir;	/* Root directory */
static int size_root_dir;	/* Size of the root directory in bytes */
static int sectors_per_cluster = 0;	/* Number of sectors per disk cluster */
static int root_dir_entries = 0;	/* Number of root directory entries */
static char *blank_sector;	/* Blank sector - all zeros */
static int hidden_sectors = 0;	/* Number of hidden sectors */
static int malloc_entire_fat = FALSE;	/* Whether we should malloc() the entire FAT or not */
static int align_structures = TRUE;	/* Whether to enforce alignment */
static int orphaned_sectors = 0;	/* Sectors that exist in the last block of filesystem */

/* Function prototype definitions */

static void fatal_error(const char *fmt_string) __attribute__ ((noreturn));
static void mark_FAT_cluster(int cluster, unsigned int value);
static void mark_FAT_sector(int sector, unsigned int value);
static long do_check(char *buffer, int try, off_t current_block);
static void alarm_intr(int alnum);
static void check_blocks(void);
static void get_list_blocks(char *filename);
static int valid_offset(int fd, loff_t offset);
static unsigned long long count_blocks(char *filename, int *remainder);
static void check_mount(char *device_name);
static void establish_params(int device_num, int size);
static void setup_tables(void);
static void write_tables(void);

/* The function implementations */

/* Handle the reporting of fatal errors.  Volatile to let gcc know that this doesn't return */

static void fatal_error(const char *fmt_string)
{
    fprintf(stderr, fmt_string, program_name, device_name);
    exit(1);			/* The error exit code is 1! */
}

/* Mark the specified cluster as having a particular value */

static void mark_FAT_cluster(int cluster, unsigned int value)
{
    switch (size_fat) {
    case 12:
	value &= 0x0fff;
	if (((cluster * 3) & 0x1) == 0) {
	    fat[3 * cluster / 2] = (unsigned char)(value & 0x00ff);
	    fat[(3 * cluster / 2) + 1] =
		(unsigned char)((fat[(3 * cluster / 2) + 1] & 0x00f0)
				| ((value & 0x0f00) >> 8));
	} else {
	    fat[3 * cluster / 2] =
		(unsigned char)((fat[3 * cluster / 2] & 0x000f) |
				((value & 0x000f) << 4));
	    fat[(3 * cluster / 2) + 1] = (unsigned char)((value & 0x0ff0) >> 4);
	}
	break;

    case 16:
	value &= 0xffff;
	fat[2 * cluster] = (unsigned char)(value & 0x00ff);
	fat[(2 * cluster) + 1] = (unsigned char)(value >> 8);
	break;

    case 32:
	value &= 0xfffffff;
	fat[4 * cluster] = (unsigned char)(value & 0x000000ff);
	fat[(4 * cluster) + 1] = (unsigned char)((value & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
	fat[(4 * cluster) + 2] = (unsigned char)((value & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
	fat[(4 * cluster) + 3] = (unsigned char)((value & 0xff000000) >> 24);
	break;

    default:
	die("Bad FAT size (not 12, 16, or 32)");
    }
}

/* Mark a specified sector as having a particular value in it's FAT entry */

static void mark_FAT_sector(int sector, unsigned int value)
{
    int cluster;

    cluster = (sector - start_data_sector) / (int)(bs.cluster_size) /
	(sector_size / HARD_SECTOR_SIZE);
    if (cluster < 0)
	die("Invalid cluster number in mark_FAT_sector: probably bug!");

    mark_FAT_cluster(cluster, value);
}

/* Perform a test on a block.  Return the number of blocks that could be read successfully */

static long do_check(char *buffer, int try, off_t current_block)
{
    long got;

    if (llseek(dev, current_block * BLOCK_SIZE, SEEK_SET)	/* Seek to the correct location */
	!=current_block * BLOCK_SIZE)
	die("seek failed during testing for blocks");

    got = read(dev, buffer, try * BLOCK_SIZE);	/* Try reading! */
    if (got < 0)
	got = 0;

    if (got & (BLOCK_SIZE - 1))
	printf("Unexpected values in do_check: probably bugs\n");
    got /= BLOCK_SIZE;

    return got;
}

/* Alarm clock handler - display the status of the quest for bad blocks!  Then retrigger the alarm for five senconds
   later (so we can come here again) */

static void alarm_intr(int alnum)
{
    if (currently_testing >= blocks)
	return;

    signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
    alarm(5);
    if (!currently_testing)
	return;

    printf("%lld... ", (unsigned long long)currently_testing);
    fflush(stdout);
}

static void check_blocks(void)
{
    int try, got;
    int i;
    static char blkbuf[BLOCK_SIZE * TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS];

    if (verbose) {
	printf("Searching for bad blocks ");
	fflush(stdout);
    }
    currently_testing = 0;
    if (verbose) {
	signal(SIGALRM, alarm_intr);
	alarm(5);
    }
    try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS;
    while (currently_testing < blocks) {
	if (currently_testing + try > blocks)
	    try = blocks - currently_testing;
	got = do_check(blkbuf, try, currently_testing);
	currently_testing += got;
	if (got == try) {
	    try = TEST_BUFFER_BLOCKS;
	    continue;
	} else
	    try = 1;
	if (currently_testing < start_data_block)
	    die("bad blocks before data-area: cannot make fs");

	for (i = 0; i < SECTORS_PER_BLOCK; i++)	/* Mark all of the sectors in the block as bad */
	    mark_sector_bad(currently_testing * SECTORS_PER_BLOCK + i);
	badblocks++;
	currently_testing++;
    }

    if (verbose)
	printf("\n");

    if (badblocks)
	printf("%d bad block%s\n", badblocks, (badblocks > 1) ? "s" : "");
}

static void get_list_blocks(char *filename)
{
    int i;
    FILE *listfile;
    unsigned long blockno;

    listfile = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (listfile == (FILE *) NULL)
	die("Can't open file of bad blocks");

    while (!feof(listfile)) {
	fscanf(listfile, "%ld\n", &blockno);
	for (i = 0; i < SECTORS_PER_BLOCK; i++)	/* Mark all of the sectors in the block as bad */
	    mark_sector_bad(blockno * SECTORS_PER_BLOCK + i);
	badblocks++;
    }
    fclose(listfile);

    if (badblocks)
	printf("%d bad block%s\n", badblocks, (badblocks > 1) ? "s" : "");
}

/* Given a file descriptor and an offset, check whether the offset is a valid offset for the file - return FALSE if it
   isn't valid or TRUE if it is */

static int valid_offset(int fd, loff_t offset)
{
    char ch;

    if (llseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0)
	return FALSE;
    if (read(fd, &ch, 1) < 1)
	return FALSE;
    return TRUE;
}

/* Given a filename, look to see how many blocks of BLOCK_SIZE are present, returning the answer */

static unsigned long long count_blocks(char *filename, int *remainder)

{
    loff_t high, low;
    int fd;

    if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
	perror(filename);
	exit(1);
    }

    /* first try SEEK_END, which should work on most devices nowadays */
    if ((low = llseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END)) <= 0) {
	low = 0;
	for (high = 1; valid_offset(fd, high); high *= 2)
	    low = high;
	while (low < high - 1) {
	    const loff_t mid = (low + high) / 2;
	    if (valid_offset(fd, mid))
		low = mid;
	    else
		high = mid;
	}
	++low;
    }

    close(fd);
    *remainder = (low%BLOCK_SIZE)/sector_size;
    return(low / BLOCK_SIZE);
}

/* Check to see if the specified device is currently mounted - abort if it is */

static void check_mount(char *device_name)
{
#if ! defined(_USING_BIONIC_)
    FILE *f;
    struct mntent *mnt;

    if ((f = setmntent(MOUNTED, "r")) == NULL)
	return;
    while ((mnt = getmntent(f)) != NULL)
	if (strcmp(device_name, mnt->mnt_fsname) == 0)
	    die("%s contains a mounted file system.");
    endmntent(f);
#endif
}

/* Establish the geometry and media parameters for the device */

static void establish_params(int device_num, int size)
{
    long loop_size;
    struct hd_geometry geometry;
    struct floppy_struct param;
    int def_root_dir_entries = 512;

    if ((0 == device_num) || ((device_num & 0xff00) == 0x0200))
	/* file image or floppy disk */
    {
	if (0 == device_num) {
	    param.size = size / 512;
	    switch (param.size) {
	    case 720:
		param.sect = 9;
		param.head = 2;
		break;
	    case 1440:
		param.sect = 9;
		param.head = 2;
		break;
	    case 2400:
		param.sect = 15;
		param.head = 2;
		break;
	    case 2880:
		param.sect = 18;
		param.head = 2;
		break;
	    case 5760:
		param.sect = 36;
		param.head = 2;
		break;
	    default:
		/* fake values */
		param.sect = 32;
		param.head = 64;
		break;
	    }

	} else {		/* is a floppy diskette */

	    if (ioctl(dev, FDGETPRM, &param))	/*  Can we get the diskette geometry? */
		die("unable to get diskette geometry for '%s'");
	}
	bs.secs_track = CT_LE_W(param.sect);	/*  Set up the geometry information */
	bs.heads = CT_LE_W(param.head);
	switch (param.size) {	/*  Set up the media descriptor byte */
	case 720:		/* 5.25", 2, 9, 40 - 360K */
	    bs.media = (char)0xfd;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)2;
	    def_root_dir_entries = 112;
	    break;

	case 1440:		/* 3.5", 2, 9, 80 - 720K */
	    bs.media = (char)0xf9;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)2;
	    def_root_dir_entries = 112;
	    break;

	case 2400:		/* 5.25", 2, 15, 80 - 1200K */
	    bs.media = (char)0xf9;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)(atari_format ? 2 : 1);
	    def_root_dir_entries = 224;
	    break;

	case 5760:		/* 3.5", 2, 36, 80 - 2880K */
	    bs.media = (char)0xf0;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)2;
	    def_root_dir_entries = 224;
	    break;

	case 2880:		/* 3.5", 2, 18, 80 - 1440K */
floppy_default:
	    bs.media = (char)0xf0;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)(atari_format ? 2 : 1);
	    def_root_dir_entries = 224;
	    break;

	default:		/* Anything else */
	    if (0 == device_num)
		goto def_hd_params;
	    else
		goto floppy_default;
	}
    } else if ((device_num & 0xff00) == 0x0700) {	/* This is a loop device */
	if (ioctl(dev, BLKGETSIZE, &loop_size))
	    die("unable to get loop device size");

	switch (loop_size) {	/* Assuming the loop device -> floppy later */
	case 720:		/* 5.25", 2, 9, 40 - 360K */
	    bs.secs_track = CF_LE_W(9);
	    bs.heads = CF_LE_W(2);
	    bs.media = (char)0xfd;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)2;
	    def_root_dir_entries = 112;
	    break;

	case 1440:		/* 3.5", 2, 9, 80 - 720K */
	    bs.secs_track = CF_LE_W(9);
	    bs.heads = CF_LE_W(2);
	    bs.media = (char)0xf9;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)2;
	    def_root_dir_entries = 112;
	    break;

	case 2400:		/* 5.25", 2, 15, 80 - 1200K */
	    bs.secs_track = CF_LE_W(15);
	    bs.heads = CF_LE_W(2);
	    bs.media = (char)0xf9;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)(atari_format ? 2 : 1);
	    def_root_dir_entries = 224;
	    break;

	case 5760:		/* 3.5", 2, 36, 80 - 2880K */
	    bs.secs_track = CF_LE_W(36);
	    bs.heads = CF_LE_W(2);
	    bs.media = (char)0xf0;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)2;
	    bs.dir_entries[0] = (char)224;
	    bs.dir_entries[1] = (char)0;
	    break;

	case 2880:		/* 3.5", 2, 18, 80 - 1440K */
	    bs.secs_track = CF_LE_W(18);
	    bs.heads = CF_LE_W(2);
	    bs.media = (char)0xf0;
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)(atari_format ? 2 : 1);
	    def_root_dir_entries = 224;
	    break;

	default:		/* Anything else: default hd setup */
	    printf("Loop device does not match a floppy size, using "
		   "default hd params\n");
	    bs.secs_track = CT_LE_W(32);	/* these are fake values... */
	    bs.heads = CT_LE_W(64);
	    goto def_hd_params;
	}
    } else
	/* Must be a hard disk then! */
    {
	/* Can we get the drive geometry? (Note I'm not too sure about */
	/* whether to use HDIO_GETGEO or HDIO_REQ) */
	if (ioctl(dev, HDIO_GETGEO, &geometry) || geometry.sectors == 0
	    || geometry.heads == 0) {
	    printf("unable to get drive geometry, using default 255/63\n");
	    bs.secs_track = CT_LE_W(63);
	    bs.heads = CT_LE_W(255);
	} else {
	    bs.secs_track = CT_LE_W(geometry.sectors);	/* Set up the geometry information */
	    bs.heads = CT_LE_W(geometry.heads);
	}
def_hd_params:
	bs.media = (char)0xf8;	/* Set up the media descriptor for a hard drive */
	if (!size_fat && blocks * SECTORS_PER_BLOCK > 1064960) {
	    if (verbose)
		printf("Auto-selecting FAT32 for large filesystem\n");
	    size_fat = 32;
	}
	if (size_fat == 32) {
	    /* For FAT32, try to do the same as M$'s format command
	     * (see http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/fs/fat/fatgen103.pdf p. 20):
	     * fs size <= 260M: 0.5k clusters
	     * fs size <=   8G: 4k clusters
	     * fs size <=  16G: 8k clusters
	     * fs size >   16G: 16k clusters
	     */
	    unsigned long sz_mb =
		(blocks + (1 << (20 - BLOCK_SIZE_BITS)) - 1) >> (20 -
								 BLOCK_SIZE_BITS);
	    bs.cluster_size =
		sz_mb > 16 * 1024 ? 32 : sz_mb > 8 * 1024 ? 16 : sz_mb >
		260 ? 8 : 1;
	} else {
	    /* FAT12 and FAT16: start at 4 sectors per cluster */
	    bs.cluster_size = (char)4;
	}
    }

    if (!root_dir_entries)
	root_dir_entries = def_root_dir_entries;
}

/*
 * If alignment is enabled, round the first argument up to the second; the
 * latter must be a power of two.
 */
static unsigned int align_object(unsigned int sectors, unsigned int clustsize)
{
    if (align_structures)
	return (sectors + clustsize - 1) & ~(clustsize - 1);
    else
	return sectors;
}

/* Create the filesystem data tables */

static void setup_tables(void)
{
    unsigned num_sectors;
    unsigned cluster_count = 0, fat_length;
    struct tm *ctime;
    struct msdos_volume_info *vi =
	(size_fat == 32 ? &bs.fat32.vi : &bs.oldfat.vi);

    if (atari_format)
	/* On Atari, the first few bytes of the boot sector are assigned
	 * differently: The jump code is only 2 bytes (and m68k machine code
	 * :-), then 6 bytes filler (ignored), then 3 byte serial number. */
	memcpy(bs.system_id - 1, "mkdosf", 6);
    else
	strcpy((char *)bs.system_id, "mkdosfs");
    if (sectors_per_cluster)
	bs.cluster_size = (char)sectors_per_cluster;
    if (size_fat == 32) {
	/* Under FAT32, the root dir is in a cluster chain, and this is
	 * signalled by bs.dir_entries being 0. */
	root_dir_entries = 0;
    }

    if (atari_format) {
	bs.system_id[5] = (unsigned char)(volume_id & 0x000000ff);
	bs.system_id[6] = (unsigned char)((volume_id & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
	bs.system_id[7] = (unsigned char)((volume_id & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
    } else {
	vi->volume_id[0] = (unsigned char)(volume_id & 0x000000ff);
	vi->volume_id[1] = (unsigned char)((volume_id & 0x0000ff00) >> 8);
	vi->volume_id[2] = (unsigned char)((volume_id & 0x00ff0000) >> 16);
	vi->volume_id[3] = (unsigned char)(volume_id >> 24);
    }

    if (!atari_format) {
	memcpy(vi->volume_label, volume_name, 11);

	memcpy(bs.boot_jump, dummy_boot_jump, 3);
	/* Patch in the correct offset to the boot code */
	bs.boot_jump[1] = ((size_fat == 32 ?
			    (char *)&bs.fat32.boot_code :
			    (char *)&bs.oldfat.boot_code) - (char *)&bs) - 2;

	if (size_fat == 32) {
	    int offset = (char *)&bs.fat32.boot_code -
		(char *)&bs + MESSAGE_OFFSET + 0x7c00;
	    if (dummy_boot_code[BOOTCODE_FAT32_SIZE - 1])
		printf("Warning: message too long; truncated\n");
	    dummy_boot_code[BOOTCODE_FAT32_SIZE - 1] = 0;
	    memcpy(bs.fat32.boot_code, dummy_boot_code, BOOTCODE_FAT32_SIZE);
	    bs.fat32.boot_code[MSG_OFFSET_OFFSET] = offset & 0xff;
	    bs.fat32.boot_code[MSG_OFFSET_OFFSET + 1] = offset >> 8;
	} else {
	    memcpy(bs.oldfat.boot_code, dummy_boot_code, BOOTCODE_SIZE);
	}
	bs.boot_sign = CT_LE_W(BOOT_SIGN);
    } else {
	memcpy(bs.boot_jump, dummy_boot_jump_m68k, 2);
    }
    if (verbose >= 2)
	printf("Boot jump code is %02x %02x\n",
	       bs.boot_jump[0], bs.boot_jump[1]);

    if (!reserved_sectors)
	reserved_sectors = (size_fat == 32) ? 32 : 1;
    else {
	if (size_fat == 32 && reserved_sectors < 2)
	    die("On FAT32 at least 2 reserved sectors are needed.");
    }
    bs.reserved = CT_LE_W(reserved_sectors);
    if (verbose >= 2)
	printf("Using %d reserved sectors\n", reserved_sectors);
    bs.fats = (char)nr_fats;
    if (!atari_format || size_fat == 32)
	bs.hidden = CT_LE_L(hidden_sectors);
    else {
	/* In Atari format, hidden is a 16 bit field */
	__u16 hidden = CT_LE_W(hidden_sectors);
	if (hidden_sectors & ~0xffff)
	    die("#hidden doesn't fit in 16bit field of Atari format\n");
	memcpy(&bs.hidden, &hidden, 2);
    }

    num_sectors = (long long)(blocks *BLOCK_SIZE / sector_size)+orphaned_sectors;

    if (!atari_format) {
	unsigned fatdata1216;	/* Sectors for FATs + data area (FAT12/16) */
	unsigned fatdata32;	/* Sectors for FATs + data area (FAT32) */
	unsigned fatlength12, fatlength16, fatlength32;
	unsigned maxclust12, maxclust16, maxclust32;
	unsigned clust12, clust16, clust32;
	int maxclustsize;
	unsigned root_dir_sectors = cdiv(root_dir_entries * 32, sector_size);

	/*
	 * If the filesystem is 8192 sectors or less (4 MB with 512-byte
	 * sectors, i.e. floppy size), don't align the data structures.
	 */
	if (num_sectors <= 8192) {
	    if (align_structures && verbose >= 2)
		printf("Disabling alignment due to tiny filesystem\n");

	    align_structures = FALSE;
	}

	if (sectors_per_cluster)
	    bs.cluster_size = maxclustsize = sectors_per_cluster;
	else
	    /* An initial guess for bs.cluster_size should already be set */
	    maxclustsize = 128;

	do {
	    fatdata32 = num_sectors
		- align_object(reserved_sectors, bs.cluster_size);
	    fatdata1216 = fatdata32
		- align_object(root_dir_sectors, bs.cluster_size);

	    if (verbose >= 2)
		printf("Trying with %d sectors/cluster:\n", bs.cluster_size);

	    /* The factor 2 below avoids cut-off errors for nr_fats == 1.
	     * The "nr_fats*3" is for the reserved first two FAT entries */
	    clust12 = 2 * ((long long)fatdata1216 * sector_size + nr_fats * 3) /
		(2 * (int)bs.cluster_size * sector_size + nr_fats * 3);
	    fatlength12 = cdiv(((clust12 + 2) * 3 + 1) >> 1, sector_size);
	    fatlength12 = align_object(fatlength12, bs.cluster_size);
	    /* Need to recalculate number of clusters, since the unused parts of the
	     * FATS and data area together could make up space for an additional,
	     * not really present cluster. */
	    clust12 = (fatdata1216 - nr_fats * fatlength12) / bs.cluster_size;
	    maxclust12 = (fatlength12 * 2 * sector_size) / 3;
	    if (maxclust12 > MAX_CLUST_12)
		maxclust12 = MAX_CLUST_12;
	    if (verbose >= 2)
		printf("FAT12: #clu=%u, fatlen=%u, maxclu=%u, limit=%u\n",
		       clust12, fatlength12, maxclust12, MAX_CLUST_12);
	    if (clust12 > maxclust12 - 2) {
		clust12 = 0;
		if (verbose >= 2)
		    printf("FAT12: too much clusters\n");
	    }

	    clust16 = ((long long)fatdata1216 * sector_size + nr_fats * 4) /
		((int)bs.cluster_size * sector_size + nr_fats * 2);
	    fatlength16 = cdiv((clust16 + 2) * 2, sector_size);
	    fatlength16 = align_object(fatlength16, bs.cluster_size);
	    /* Need to recalculate number of clusters, since the unused parts of the
	     * FATS and data area together could make up space for an additional,
	     * not really present cluster. */
	    clust16 = (fatdata1216 - nr_fats * fatlength16) / bs.cluster_size;
	    maxclust16 = (fatlength16 * sector_size) / 2;
	    if (maxclust16 > MAX_CLUST_16)
		maxclust16 = MAX_CLUST_16;
	    if (verbose >= 2)
		printf("FAT16: #clu=%u, fatlen=%u, maxclu=%u, limit=%u\n",
		       clust16, fatlength16, maxclust16, MAX_CLUST_16);
	    if (clust16 > maxclust16 - 2) {
		if (verbose >= 2)
		    printf("FAT16: too much clusters\n");
		clust16 = 0;
	    }
	    /* The < 4078 avoids that the filesystem will be misdetected as having a
	     * 12 bit FAT. */
	    if (clust16 < FAT12_THRESHOLD
		&& !(size_fat_by_user && size_fat == 16)) {
		if (verbose >= 2)
		    printf(clust16 < FAT12_THRESHOLD ?
			   "FAT16: would be misdetected as FAT12\n" :
			   "FAT16: too much clusters\n");
		clust16 = 0;
	    }

	    clust32 = ((long long)fatdata32 * sector_size + nr_fats * 8) /
		((int)bs.cluster_size * sector_size + nr_fats * 4);
	    fatlength32 = cdiv((clust32 + 2) * 4, sector_size);
	    fatlength32 = align_object(fatlength32, bs.cluster_size);
	    /* Need to recalculate number of clusters, since the unused parts of the
	     * FATS and data area together could make up space for an additional,
	     * not really present cluster. */
	    clust32 = (fatdata32 - nr_fats * fatlength32) / bs.cluster_size;
	    maxclust32 = (fatlength32 * sector_size) / 4;
	    if (maxclust32 > MAX_CLUST_32)
		maxclust32 = MAX_CLUST_32;
	    if (clust32 && clust32 < MIN_CLUST_32
		&& !(size_fat_by_user && size_fat == 32)) {
		clust32 = 0;
		if (verbose >= 2)
		    printf("FAT32: not enough clusters (%d)\n", MIN_CLUST_32);
	    }
	    if (verbose >= 2)
		printf("FAT32: #clu=%u, fatlen=%u, maxclu=%u, limit=%u\n",
		       clust32, fatlength32, maxclust32, MAX_CLUST_32);
	    if (clust32 > maxclust32) {
		clust32 = 0;
		if (verbose >= 2)
		    printf("FAT32: too much clusters\n");
	    }

	    if ((clust12 && (size_fat == 0 || size_fat == 12)) ||
		(clust16 && (size_fat == 0 || size_fat == 16)) ||
		(clust32 && size_fat == 32))
		break;

	    bs.cluster_size <<= 1;
	} while (bs.cluster_size && bs.cluster_size <= maxclustsize);

	/* Use the optimal FAT size if not specified;
	 * FAT32 is (not yet) choosen automatically */
	if (!size_fat) {
	    size_fat = (clust16 > clust12) ? 16 : 12;
	    if (verbose >= 2)
		printf("Choosing %d bits for FAT\n", size_fat);
	}

	switch (size_fat) {
	case 12:
	    cluster_count = clust12;
	    fat_length = fatlength12;
	    bs.fat_length = CT_LE_W(fatlength12);
	    memcpy(vi->fs_type, MSDOS_FAT12_SIGN, 8);
	    break;

	case 16:
	    if (clust16 < FAT12_THRESHOLD) {
		if (size_fat_by_user) {
		    fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: Not enough clusters for a "
			    "16 bit FAT! The filesystem will be\n"
			    "misinterpreted as having a 12 bit FAT without "
			    "mount option \"fat=16\".\n");
		} else {
		    fprintf(stderr, "This filesystem has an unfortunate size. "
			    "A 12 bit FAT cannot provide\n"
			    "enough clusters, but a 16 bit FAT takes up a little "
			    "bit more space so that\n"
			    "the total number of clusters becomes less than the "
			    "threshold value for\n"
			    "distinction between 12 and 16 bit FATs.\n");
		    die("Make the file system a bit smaller manually.");
		}
	    }
	    cluster_count = clust16;
	    fat_length = fatlength16;
	    bs.fat_length = CT_LE_W(fatlength16);
	    memcpy(vi->fs_type, MSDOS_FAT16_SIGN, 8);
	    break;

	case 32:
	    if (clust32 < MIN_CLUST_32)
		fprintf(stderr,
			"WARNING: Not enough clusters for a 32 bit FAT!\n");
	    cluster_count = clust32;
	    fat_length = fatlength32;
	    bs.fat_length = CT_LE_W(0);
	    bs.fat32.fat32_length = CT_LE_L(fatlength32);
	    memcpy(vi->fs_type, MSDOS_FAT32_SIGN, 8);
	    root_dir_entries = 0;
	    break;

	default:
	    die("FAT not 12, 16 or 32 bits");
	}

	/* Adjust the reserved number of sectors for alignment */
	reserved_sectors = align_object(reserved_sectors, bs.cluster_size);
	bs.reserved = CT_LE_W(reserved_sectors);

	/* Adjust the number of root directory entries to help enforce alignment */
	if (align_structures) {
	    root_dir_entries = align_object(root_dir_sectors, bs.cluster_size)
		* (sector_size >> 5);
	}
    } else {
	unsigned clusters, maxclust, fatdata;

	/* GEMDOS always uses a 12 bit FAT on floppies, and always a 16 bit FAT on
	 * hard disks. So use 12 bit if the size of the file system suggests that
	 * this fs is for a floppy disk, if the user hasn't explicitly requested a
	 * size.
	 */
	if (!size_fat)
	    size_fat = (num_sectors == 1440 || num_sectors == 2400 ||
			num_sectors == 2880 || num_sectors == 5760) ? 12 : 16;
	if (verbose >= 2)
	    printf("Choosing %d bits for FAT\n", size_fat);

	/* Atari format: cluster size should be 2, except explicitly requested by
	 * the user, since GEMDOS doesn't like other cluster sizes very much.
	 * Instead, tune the sector size for the FS to fit.
	 */
	bs.cluster_size = sectors_per_cluster ? sectors_per_cluster : 2;
	if (!sector_size_set) {
	    while (num_sectors > GEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS) {
		num_sectors >>= 1;
		sector_size <<= 1;
	    }
	}
	if (verbose >= 2)
	    printf("Sector size must be %d to have less than %d log. sectors\n",
		   sector_size, GEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS);

	/* Check if there are enough FAT indices for how much clusters we have */
	do {
	    fatdata = num_sectors - cdiv(root_dir_entries * 32, sector_size) -
		reserved_sectors;
	    /* The factor 2 below avoids cut-off errors for nr_fats == 1 and
	     * size_fat == 12
	     * The "2*nr_fats*size_fat/8" is for the reserved first two FAT entries
	     */
	    clusters =
		(2 *
		 ((long long)fatdata * sector_size -
		  2 * nr_fats * size_fat / 8)) / (2 * ((int)bs.cluster_size *
						       sector_size +
						       nr_fats * size_fat / 8));
	    fat_length = cdiv((clusters + 2) * size_fat / 8, sector_size);
	    /* Need to recalculate number of clusters, since the unused parts of the
	     * FATS and data area together could make up space for an additional,
	     * not really present cluster. */
	    clusters = (fatdata - nr_fats * fat_length) / bs.cluster_size;
	    maxclust = (fat_length * sector_size * 8) / size_fat;
	    if (verbose >= 2)
		printf("ss=%d: #clu=%d, fat_len=%d, maxclu=%d\n",
		       sector_size, clusters, fat_length, maxclust);

	    /* last 10 cluster numbers are special (except FAT32: 4 high bits rsvd);
	     * first two numbers are reserved */
	    if (maxclust <=
		(size_fat == 32 ? MAX_CLUST_32 : (1 << size_fat) - 0x10)
		&& clusters <= maxclust - 2)
		break;
	    if (verbose >= 2)
		printf(clusters > maxclust - 2 ?
		       "Too many clusters\n" : "FAT too big\n");

	    /* need to increment sector_size once more to  */
	    if (sector_size_set)
		die("With this sector size, the maximum number of FAT entries "
		    "would be exceeded.");
	    num_sectors >>= 1;
	    sector_size <<= 1;
	} while (sector_size <= GEMDOS_MAX_SECTOR_SIZE);

	if (sector_size > GEMDOS_MAX_SECTOR_SIZE)
	    die("Would need a sector size > 16k, which GEMDOS can't work with");

	cluster_count = clusters;
	if (size_fat != 32)
	    bs.fat_length = CT_LE_W(fat_length);
	else {
	    bs.fat_length = 0;
	    bs.fat32.fat32_length = CT_LE_L(fat_length);
	}
    }

    bs.sector_size[0] = (char)(sector_size & 0x00ff);
    bs.sector_size[1] = (char)((sector_size & 0xff00) >> 8);

    bs.dir_entries[0] = (char)(root_dir_entries & 0x00ff);
    bs.dir_entries[1] = (char)((root_dir_entries & 0xff00) >> 8);

    if (size_fat == 32) {
	/* set up additional FAT32 fields */
	bs.fat32.flags = CT_LE_W(0);
	bs.fat32.version[0] = 0;
	bs.fat32.version[1] = 0;
	bs.fat32.root_cluster = CT_LE_L(2);
	bs.fat32.info_sector = CT_LE_W(1);
	if (!backup_boot)
	    backup_boot = (reserved_sectors >= 7) ? 6 :
		(reserved_sectors >= 2) ? reserved_sectors - 1 : 0;
	else {
	    if (backup_boot == 1)
		die("Backup boot sector must be after sector 1");
	    else if (backup_boot >= reserved_sectors)
		die("Backup boot sector must be a reserved sector");
	}
	if (verbose >= 2)
	    printf("Using sector %d as backup boot sector (0 = none)\n",
		   backup_boot);
	bs.fat32.backup_boot = CT_LE_W(backup_boot);
	memset(&bs.fat32.reserved2, 0, sizeof(bs.fat32.reserved2));
    }

    if (atari_format) {
	/* Just some consistency checks */
	if (num_sectors >= GEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS)
	    die("GEMDOS can't handle more than 65531 sectors");
	else if (num_sectors >= OLDGEMDOS_MAX_SECTORS)
	    printf("Warning: More than 32765 sector need TOS 1.04 "
		   "or higher.\n");
    }
    if (num_sectors >= 65536) {
	bs.sectors[0] = (char)0;
	bs.sectors[1] = (char)0;
	bs.total_sect = CT_LE_L(num_sectors);
    } else {
	bs.sectors[0] = (char)(num_sectors & 0x00ff);
	bs.sectors[1] = (char)((num_sectors & 0xff00) >> 8);
	if (!atari_format)
	    bs.total_sect = CT_LE_L(0);
    }

    if (!atari_format)
	vi->ext_boot_sign = MSDOS_EXT_SIGN;

    if (!cluster_count) {
	if (sectors_per_cluster)	/* If yes, die if we'd spec'd sectors per cluster */
	    die("Too many clusters for file system - try more sectors per cluster");
	else
	    die("Attempting to create a too large file system");
    }

    /* The two following vars are in hard sectors, i.e. 512 byte sectors! */
    start_data_sector = (reserved_sectors + nr_fats * fat_length) *
	(sector_size / HARD_SECTOR_SIZE);
    start_data_block = (start_data_sector + SECTORS_PER_BLOCK - 1) /
	SECTORS_PER_BLOCK;

    if (blocks < start_data_block + 32)	/* Arbitrary undersize file system! */
	die("Too few blocks for viable file system");

    if (verbose) {
	printf("%s has %d head%s and %d sector%s per track,\n",
	       device_name, CF_LE_W(bs.heads),
	       (CF_LE_W(bs.heads) != 1) ? "s" : "", CF_LE_W(bs.secs_track),
	       (CF_LE_W(bs.secs_track) != 1) ? "s" : "");
	printf("logical sector size is %d,\n", sector_size);
	printf("using 0x%02x media descriptor, with %d sectors;\n",
	       (int)(bs.media), num_sectors);
	printf("file system has %d %d-bit FAT%s and %d sector%s per cluster.\n",
	       (int)(bs.fats), size_fat, (bs.fats != 1) ? "s" : "",
	       (int)(bs.cluster_size), (bs.cluster_size != 1) ? "s" : "");
	printf("FAT size is %d sector%s, and provides %d cluster%s.\n",
	       fat_length, (fat_length != 1) ? "s" : "",
	       cluster_count, (cluster_count != 1) ? "s" : "");
	printf("There %s %u reserved sector%s.\n",
	       (reserved_sectors != 1) ? "are" : "is",
	       reserved_sectors, (reserved_sectors != 1) ? "s" : "");

	if (size_fat != 32) {
	    unsigned root_dir_entries =
		bs.dir_entries[0] + ((bs.dir_entries[1]) * 256);
	    unsigned root_dir_sectors =
		cdiv(root_dir_entries * 32, sector_size);
	    printf("Root directory contains %u slots and uses %u sectors.\n",
		   root_dir_entries, root_dir_sectors);
	}
	printf("Volume ID is %08lx, ", volume_id &
	       (atari_format ? 0x00ffffff : 0xffffffff));
	if (strcmp(volume_name, "           "))
	    printf("volume label %s.\n", volume_name);
	else
	    printf("no volume label.\n");
    }

    /* Make the file allocation tables! */

    if (malloc_entire_fat)
	alloced_fat_length = fat_length;
    else
	alloced_fat_length = 1;

    if ((fat =
	 (unsigned char *)malloc(alloced_fat_length * sector_size)) == NULL)
	die("unable to allocate space for FAT image in memory");

    memset(fat, 0, alloced_fat_length * sector_size);

    mark_FAT_cluster(0, 0xffffffff);	/* Initial fat entries */
    mark_FAT_cluster(1, 0xffffffff);
    fat[0] = (unsigned char)bs.media;	/* Put media type in first byte! */
    if (size_fat == 32) {
	/* Mark cluster 2 as EOF (used for root dir) */
	mark_FAT_cluster(2, FAT_EOF);
    }

    /* Make the root directory entries */

    size_root_dir = (size_fat == 32) ?
	bs.cluster_size * sector_size :
	(((int)bs.dir_entries[1] * 256 + (int)bs.dir_entries[0]) *
	 sizeof(struct msdos_dir_entry));
    if ((root_dir = (struct msdos_dir_entry *)malloc(size_root_dir)) == NULL) {
	free(fat);		/* Tidy up before we die! */
	die("unable to allocate space for root directory in memory");
    }

    memset(root_dir, 0, size_root_dir);
    if (memcmp(volume_name, "           ", 11)) {
	struct msdos_dir_entry *de = &root_dir[0];
	memcpy(de->name, volume_name, 8);
	memcpy(de->ext, volume_name + 8, 3);
	de->attr = ATTR_VOLUME;
	ctime = localtime(&create_time);
	de->time = CT_LE_W((unsigned short)((ctime->tm_sec >> 1) +
					    (ctime->tm_min << 5) +
					    (ctime->tm_hour << 11)));
	de->date =
	    CT_LE_W((unsigned short)(ctime->tm_mday +
				     ((ctime->tm_mon + 1) << 5) +
				     ((ctime->tm_year - 80) << 9)));
	de->ctime_ms = 0;
	de->ctime = de->time;
	de->cdate = de->date;
	de->adate = de->date;
	de->starthi = CT_LE_W(0);
	de->start = CT_LE_W(0);
	de->size = CT_LE_L(0);
    }

    if (size_fat == 32) {
	/* For FAT32, create an info sector */
	struct fat32_fsinfo *info;

	if (!(info_sector = malloc(sector_size)))
	    die("Out of memory");
	memset(info_sector, 0, sector_size);
	/* fsinfo structure is at offset 0x1e0 in info sector by observation */
	info = (struct fat32_fsinfo *)(info_sector + 0x1e0);

	/* Info sector magic */
	info_sector[0] = 'R';
	info_sector[1] = 'R';
	info_sector[2] = 'a';
	info_sector[3] = 'A';

	/* Magic for fsinfo structure */
	info->signature = CT_LE_L(0x61417272);
	/* We've allocated cluster 2 for the root dir. */
	info->free_clusters = CT_LE_L(cluster_count - 1);
	info->next_cluster = CT_LE_L(2);

	/* Info sector also must have boot sign */
	*(__u16 *) (info_sector + 0x1fe) = CT_LE_W(BOOT_SIGN);
    }

    if (!(blank_sector = malloc(sector_size)))
	die("Out of memory");
    memset(blank_sector, 0, sector_size);
}

/* Write the new filesystem's data tables to wherever they're going to end up! */

#define error(str)				\
  do {						\
    free (fat);					\
    if (info_sector) free (info_sector);	\
    free (root_dir);				\
    die (str);					\
  } while(0)

#define seekto(pos,errstr)						\
  do {									\
    loff_t __pos = (pos);						\
    if (llseek (dev, __pos, SEEK_SET) != __pos)				\
	error ("seek to " errstr " failed whilst writing tables");	\
  } while(0)

#define writebuf(buf,size,errstr)			\
  do {							\
    int __size = (size);				\
    if (write (dev, buf, __size) != __size)		\
	error ("failed whilst writing " errstr);	\
  } while(0)

static void write_tables(void)
{
    int x;
    int fat_length;

    fat_length = (size_fat == 32) ?
	CF_LE_L(bs.fat32.fat32_length) : CF_LE_W(bs.fat_length);

    seekto(0, "start of device");
    /* clear all reserved sectors */
    for (x = 0; x < reserved_sectors; ++x)
	writebuf(blank_sector, sector_size, "reserved sector");
    /* seek back to sector 0 and write the boot sector */
    seekto(0, "boot sector");
    writebuf((char *)&bs, sizeof(struct msdos_boot_sector), "boot sector");
    /* on FAT32, write the info sector and backup boot sector */
    if (size_fat == 32) {
	seekto(CF_LE_W(bs.fat32.info_sector) * sector_size, "info sector");
	writebuf(info_sector, 512, "info sector");
	if (backup_boot != 0) {
	    seekto(backup_boot * sector_size, "backup boot sector");
	    writebuf((char *)&bs, sizeof(struct msdos_boot_sector),
		     "backup boot sector");
	}
    }
    /* seek to start of FATS and write them all */
    seekto(reserved_sectors * sector_size, "first FAT");
    for (x = 1; x <= nr_fats; x++) {
	int y;
	int blank_fat_length = fat_length - alloced_fat_length;
	writebuf(fat, alloced_fat_length * sector_size, "FAT");
	for (y = 0; y < blank_fat_length; y++)
	    writebuf(blank_sector, sector_size, "FAT");
    }
    /* Write the root directory directly after the last FAT. This is the root
     * dir area on FAT12/16, and the first cluster on FAT32. */
    writebuf((char *)root_dir, size_root_dir, "root directory");

    if (blank_sector)
	free(blank_sector);
    if (info_sector)
	free(info_sector);
    free(root_dir);		/* Free up the root directory space from setup_tables */
    free(fat);			/* Free up the fat table space reserved during setup_tables */
}

/* Report the command usage and return a failure error code */

void usage(void)
{
    fatal_error("\
Usage: mkdosfs [-a][-A][-c][-C][-v][-I][-l bad-block-file][-b backup-boot-sector]\n\
       [-m boot-msg-file][-n volume-name][-i volume-id]\n\
       [-s sectors-per-cluster][-S logical-sector-size][-f number-of-FATs]\n\
       [-h hidden-sectors][-F fat-size][-r root-dir-entries][-R reserved-sectors]\n\
       /dev/name [blocks]\n");
}

/*
 * ++roman: On m68k, check if this is an Atari; if yes, turn on Atari variant
 * of MS-DOS filesystem by default.
 */
static void check_atari(void)
{
#ifdef __mc68000__
    FILE *f;
    char line[128], *p;

    if (!(f = fopen("/proc/hardware", "r"))) {
	perror("/proc/hardware");
	return;
    }

    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
	if (strncmp(line, "Model:", 6) == 0) {
	    p = line + 6;
	    p += strspn(p, " \t");
	    if (strncmp(p, "Atari ", 6) == 0)
		atari_format = 1;
	    break;
	}
    }
    fclose(f);
#endif
}

/* The "main" entry point into the utility - we pick up the options and attempt to process them in some sort of sensible
   way.  In the event that some/all of the options are invalid we need to tell the user so that something can be done! */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int c;
    char *tmp;
    char *listfile = NULL;
    FILE *msgfile;
    struct stat statbuf;
    int i = 0, pos, ch;
    int create = 0;
    unsigned long long cblocks = 0;
    int min_sector_size;

    if (argc && *argv) {	/* What's the program name? */
	char *p;
	program_name = *argv;
	if ((p = strrchr(program_name, '/')))
	    program_name = p + 1;
    }

    gettimeofday(&create_timeval, NULL);
    create_time = create_timeval.tv_sec;
    volume_id = (u_int32_t) ((create_timeval.tv_sec << 20) | create_timeval.tv_usec);	/* Default volume ID = creation time, fudged for more uniqueness */
    check_atari();

    printf("%s " VERSION " (" VERSION_DATE ")\n", program_name);

    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "aAb:cCf:F:Ii:l:m:n:r:R:s:S:h:v")) != EOF)
	/* Scan the command line for options */
	switch (c) {
	case 'A':		/* toggle Atari format */
	    atari_format = !atari_format;
	    break;

	case 'a':		/* a : skip alignment */
	    align_structures = FALSE;
	    break;

	case 'b':		/* b : location of backup boot sector */
	    backup_boot = (int)strtol(optarg, &tmp, 0);
	    if (*tmp || backup_boot < 2 || backup_boot > 0xffff) {
		printf("Bad location for backup boot sector : %s\n", optarg);
		usage();
	    }
	    break;

	case 'c':		/* c : Check FS as we build it */
	    check = TRUE;
	    malloc_entire_fat = TRUE;	/* Need to be able to mark clusters bad */
	    break;

	case 'C':		/* C : Create a new file */
	    create = TRUE;
	    break;

	case 'f':		/* f : Choose number of FATs */
	    nr_fats = (int)strtol(optarg, &tmp, 0);
	    if (*tmp || nr_fats < 1 || nr_fats > 4) {
		printf("Bad number of FATs : %s\n", optarg);
		usage();
	    }
	    break;

	case 'F':		/* F : Choose FAT size */
	    size_fat = (int)strtol(optarg, &tmp, 0);
	    if (*tmp || (size_fat != 12 && size_fat != 16 && size_fat != 32)) {
		printf("Bad FAT type : %s\n", optarg);
		usage();
	    }
	    size_fat_by_user = 1;
	    break;

	case 'h':		/* h : number of hidden sectors */
	    hidden_sectors = (int)strtol(optarg, &tmp, 0);
	    if (*tmp || hidden_sectors < 0) {
		printf("Bad number of hidden sectors : %s\n", optarg);
		usage();
	    }
	    break;

	case 'I':
	    ignore_full_disk = 1;
	    break;

	case 'i':		/* i : specify volume ID */
	    volume_id = strtoul(optarg, &tmp, 16);
	    if (*tmp) {
		printf("Volume ID must be a hexadecimal number\n");
		usage();
	    }
	    break;

	case 'l':		/* l : Bad block filename */
	    listfile = optarg;
	    malloc_entire_fat = TRUE;	/* Need to be able to mark clusters bad */
	    break;

	case 'm':		/* m : Set boot message */
	    if (strcmp(optarg, "-")) {
		msgfile = fopen(optarg, "r");
		if (!msgfile)
		    perror(optarg);
	    } else
		msgfile = stdin;

	    if (msgfile) {
		/* The boot code ends at offset 448 and needs a null terminator */
		i = MESSAGE_OFFSET;
		pos = 0;	/* We are at beginning of line */
		do {
		    ch = getc(msgfile);
		    switch (ch) {
		    case '\r':	/* Ignore CRs */
		    case '\0':	/* and nulls */
			break;

		    case '\n':	/* LF -> CR+LF if necessary */
			if (pos) {	/* If not at beginning of line */
			    dummy_boot_code[i++] = '\r';
			    pos = 0;
			}
			dummy_boot_code[i++] = '\n';
			break;

		    case '\t':	/* Expand tabs */
			do {
			    dummy_boot_code[i++] = ' ';
			    pos++;
			}
			while (pos % 8 && i < BOOTCODE_SIZE - 1);
			break;

		    case EOF:
			dummy_boot_code[i++] = '\0';	/* Null terminator */
			break;

		    default:
			dummy_boot_code[i++] = ch;	/* Store character */
			pos++;	/* Advance position */
			break;
		    }
		}
		while (ch != EOF && i < BOOTCODE_SIZE - 1);

		/* Fill up with zeros */
		while (i < BOOTCODE_SIZE - 1)
		    dummy_boot_code[i++] = '\0';
		dummy_boot_code[BOOTCODE_SIZE - 1] = '\0';	/* Just in case */

		if (ch != EOF)
		    printf("Warning: message too long; truncated\n");

		if (msgfile != stdin)
		    fclose(msgfile);
	    }
	    break;

	case 'n':		/* n : Volume name */
	    sprintf(volume_name, "%-11.11s", optarg);
	    break;

	case 'r':		/* r : Root directory entries */
	    root_dir_entries = (int)strtol(optarg, &tmp, 0);
	    if (*tmp || root_dir_entries < 16 || root_dir_entries > 32768) {
		printf("Bad number of root directory entries : %s\n", optarg);
		usage();
	    }
	    break;

	case 'R':		/* R : number of reserved sectors */
	    reserved_sectors = (int)strtol(optarg, &tmp, 0);
	    if (*tmp || reserved_sectors < 1 || reserved_sectors > 0xffff) {
		printf("Bad number of reserved sectors : %s\n", optarg);
		usage();
	    }
	    break;

	case 's':		/* s : Sectors per cluster */
	    sectors_per_cluster = (int)strtol(optarg, &tmp, 0);
	    if (*tmp || (sectors_per_cluster != 1 && sectors_per_cluster != 2
			 && sectors_per_cluster != 4 && sectors_per_cluster != 8
			 && sectors_per_cluster != 16
			 && sectors_per_cluster != 32
			 && sectors_per_cluster != 64
			 && sectors_per_cluster != 128)) {
		printf("Bad number of sectors per cluster : %s\n", optarg);
		usage();
	    }
	    break;

	case 'S':		/* S : Sector size */
	    sector_size = (int)strtol(optarg, &tmp, 0);
	    if (*tmp || (sector_size != 512 && sector_size != 1024 &&
			 sector_size != 2048 && sector_size != 4096 &&
			 sector_size != 8192 && sector_size != 16384 &&
			 sector_size != 32768)) {
		printf("Bad logical sector size : %s\n", optarg);
		usage();
	    }
	    sector_size_set = 1;
	    break;

	case 'v':		/* v : Verbose execution */
	    ++verbose;
	    break;

	default:
	    printf("Unknown option: %c\n", c);
	    usage();
	}
    if (optind < argc) {
	device_name = argv[optind];	/* Determine the number of blocks in the FS */

	if (!device_name) {
	    printf("No device specified.\n");
	    usage();
	}

	if (!create)
	    cblocks = count_blocks(device_name, &orphaned_sectors);	/*  Have a look and see! */
    }
    if (optind == argc - 2) {	/*  Either check the user specified number */
	blocks = strtoull(argv[optind + 1], &tmp, 0);
	if (!create && blocks != cblocks) {
	    fprintf(stderr, "Warning: block count mismatch: ");
	    fprintf(stderr, "found %llu but assuming %llu.\n", cblocks, blocks);
	}
    } else if (optind == argc - 1) {	/*  Or use value found */
	if (create)
	    die("Need intended size with -C.");
	blocks = cblocks;
	tmp = "";
    } else {
	fprintf(stderr, "No device specified!\n");
	usage();
    }
    if (*tmp) {
	printf("Bad block count : %s\n", argv[optind + 1]);
	usage();
    }

    if (check && listfile)	/* Auto and specified bad block handling are mutually */
	die("-c and -l are incompatible");	/* exclusive of each other! */

    if (!create) {
	check_mount(device_name);	/* Is the device already mounted? */
	dev = open(device_name, O_EXCL | O_RDWR);	/* Is it a suitable device to build the FS on? */
	if (dev < 0) {
	    fprintf(stderr, "%s: unable to open %s: %s\n", program_name,
		    device_name, strerror(errno));
	    exit(1);		/* The error exit code is 1! */
	}
    } else {
	loff_t offset = blocks * BLOCK_SIZE - 1;
	char null = 0;
	/* create the file */
	dev = open(device_name, O_EXCL | O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0666);
	if (dev < 0)
	    die("unable to create %s");
	/* seek to the intended end-1, and write one byte. this creates a
	 * sparse-as-possible file of appropriate size. */
	if (llseek(dev, offset, SEEK_SET) != offset)
	    die("seek failed");
	if (write(dev, &null, 1) < 0)
	    die("write failed");
	if (llseek(dev, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0)
	    die("seek failed");
    }

    if (fstat(dev, &statbuf) < 0)
	die("unable to stat %s");
    if (!S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode)) {
	statbuf.st_rdev = 0;
	check = 0;
    } else
	/*
	 * Ignore any 'full' fixed disk devices, if -I is not given.
	 * On a MO-disk one doesn't need partitions.  The filesytem can go
	 * directly to the whole disk.  Under other OSes this is known as
	 * the 'superfloppy' format.  As I don't know how to find out if
	 * this is a MO disk I introduce a -I (ignore) switch.  -Joey
	 */
	if (!ignore_full_disk && ((statbuf.st_rdev & 0xff3f) == 0x0300 ||	/* hda, hdb */
				  (statbuf.st_rdev & 0xff0f) == 0x0800 ||	/* sd */
				  (statbuf.st_rdev & 0xff3f) == 0x0d00 ||	/* xd */
				  (statbuf.st_rdev & 0xff3f) == 0x1600)	/* hdc, hdd */
	)
	die("Device partition expected, not making filesystem on entire device '%s' (use -I to override)");

    if (sector_size_set) {
	if (ioctl(dev, BLKSSZGET, &min_sector_size) >= 0)
	    if (sector_size < min_sector_size) {
		sector_size = min_sector_size;
		fprintf(stderr,
			"Warning: sector size was set to %d (minimal for this device)\n",
			sector_size);
	    }
    } else {
	if (ioctl(dev, BLKSSZGET, &min_sector_size) >= 0) {
	    sector_size = min_sector_size;
	    sector_size_set = 1;
	}
    }

    if (sector_size > 4096)
	fprintf(stderr,
		"Warning: sector size is set to %d > 4096, such filesystem will not propably mount\n",
		sector_size);

    establish_params(statbuf.st_rdev, statbuf.st_size);
    /* Establish the media parameters */

    setup_tables();		/* Establish the file system tables */

    if (check)			/* Determine any bad block locations and mark them */
	check_blocks();
    else if (listfile)
	get_list_blocks(listfile);

    write_tables();		/* Write the file system tables away! */

    exit(0);			/* Terminate with no errors! */
}