diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'bio/vaje')
26 files changed, 1504 insertions, 458 deletions
diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/.~lock.urejeni.ods# b/bio/vaje/1/.~lock.urejeni.ods# new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17bf5d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/.~lock.urejeni.ods# @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +,a,kondenzator,13.11.2020 22:43,file:///home/a/.config/libreoffice/4;
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/dokument.aux b/bio/vaje/1/dokument.aux index c7de839..501ffde 100644 --- a/bio/vaje/1/dokument.aux +++ b/bio/vaje/1/dokument.aux @@ -17,10 +17,30 @@ \providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToFields[1]{} \providecommand\HyField@AuxAddToCoFields[2]{} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Uvod}{1}{section.1}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Pakiranje arašidov \textit {lahko vsebuje sledove oreškov in sezama} --- Mercator --- Vir: osebni arhiv}}{1}{figure.1}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces zemeljski orešek (\textit {Arachis Hypogea}) Vir: Wikipedia {\usefont {U}{ccicons}{m}{n}\char 7}}}{2}{figure.2}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Material}{2}{section.2}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Metoda dela}{2}{section.3}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Rezultati}{2}{section.4}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Diskusija}{2}{section.5}\protected@file@percent } -\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Viri in literatura}{3}{section.6}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Pakiranje arašidov \textit {lahko vsebuje sledove oreškov in sezama} --- Mercator --- Vir: osebni arhiv}}{2}{figure.1}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Geotrikotnik, uporabljen pri merjenju dolžin. 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+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Zakaj ni več semen?}{4}{section*.2}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Zakaj ni manj semen?}{4}{section*.3}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}Velikost semen}{4}{subsection.4.5}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Zakaj semena niso večja?}{4}{section*.4}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {paragraph}{Zakaj semena niso manjša?}{5}{section*.5}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}Velikost stroka}{5}{subsection.4.6}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Diskusija}{5}{section.5}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Viri in literatura}{6}{section.6}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline 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+++ b/bio/vaje/1/dokument.log @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.20 (TeX Live 2019/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2020.9.9) 11 NOV 2020 19:36 +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.20 (TeX Live 2019/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2020.11.12) 13 NOV 2020 23:58 entering extended mode \write18 enabled. %&-line parsing enabled. @@ -1437,247 +1437,283 @@ File: umsb.fd 2013/01/14 v3.01 AMS symbols B \tf@toc=\write6 \openout6 = `dokument.toc'. -<embalaza.jpg, id=61, 2457.18pt x 2163.08125pt> + +[1 + +{/var/lib/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] +<embalaza.jpg, id=127, 2457.18pt x 2163.08125pt> File: embalaza.jpg Graphic file (type jpg) <use embalaza.jpg> -Package pdftex.def Info: embalaza.jpg used on input line 140. -(pdftex.def) Requested size: 151.76854pt x 133.57495pt. -<arachis.jpg, id=62, 230.81232pt x 342.92114pt> -File: arachis.jpg Graphic file (type jpg) -<use arachis.jpg> -Package pdftex.def Info: arachis.jpg used on input line 146. 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Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.172 \item K - do je Charles Darwin in kako je povezan z evolucijo? -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.172 \item K - do je Charles Darwin in kako je povezan z evolucijo? -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.173 \item K - aj je to naravna in kaj umetna selekcija? -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.173 \item K - aj je to naravna in kaj umetna selekcija? -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.174 \item K - aj je pomen različnega števila semen v posameznem stroku? -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.174 \item K - aj je pomen različnega števila semen v posameznem stroku? -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - - -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 174--175 -[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Kaj je pomen ra-zli^^Tcnega ^^Tstevila se-men v - [] +l.167 \item R + avnilo ali geotrikotnikpdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with th +e same identifier (name{figure.2}) has been already used, duplicate ignored -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.175 \item Z - akaj ima zemeljski orešek več cvetov in posledično več st... -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.175 \item Z - akaj ima zemeljski orešek več cvetov in posledično več st... -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.176 \item K - olikšna je najpogostejša dolžina stroka zemeljskega oreška= -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! 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Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.177 \item K - olikšno je najpogostejše število semen v stroku? -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.178 \item K - ako bi manjša količina semen od običajne vplivala na vrsto? -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.178 \item K - ako bi manjša količina semen od običajne vplivala na vrsto? -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.179 \item K - aj bi se zgodilo, če bi vsak strok vseboval več semen kot j... -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.179 \item K - aj bi se zgodilo, če bi vsak strok vseboval več semen kot j... -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) - -[2pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with the same identifier (name{figure.2}) -has been already used, duplicate ignored +\AtBegShi@Output ...ipout \box \AtBeginShipoutBox + \fi \fi +l.167 \item R + avnilo ali geotrikotnikpdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with th +e same identifier (name{figure.4}) has been already used, duplicate ignored \AtBegShi@Output ...ipout \box \AtBeginShipoutBox \fi \fi -l.180 \item K - akšno je razmerje med povprečno dolžino stroka in število... - <./arachis.jpg>] -! 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Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.180 \item K - akšno je razmerje med povprečno dolžino stroka in število... -A number should have been here; I inserted `0'. -(If you can't figure out why I needed to see a number, -look up `weird error' in the index to The TeXbook.) +l.167 \item R + avnilo ali geotrikotnik <./embalaza.jpg> <./geotrikotnik.jpg> <./ +arachis.jpg> <./orescki.jpg>] + +Package hyperref Warning: Composite letter `\textasciicaron+c' +(hyperref) not defined in PD1 encoding, +(hyperref) removing `\textasciicaron' on input line 188. + +\openout3 = `dokument.pgf-plot.gnuplot'. +runsystem(gnuplot dokument.pgf-plot.gnuplot)...executed. + +PGFPlots: reading {dokument.pgf-plot.table} [3] -Package atveryend Info: Empty hook `BeforeClearDocument' on input line 206. -Package atveryend Info: Empty hook `AfterLastShipout' on input line 206. +Overfull \hbox (4.06032pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 219--220 +[][] + [] + + +Package hyperref Warning: Composite letter `\textasciicaron+c' +(hyperref) not defined in PD1 encoding, +(hyperref) removing `\textasciicaron' on input line 223. + +\openout3 = `dokument.pgf-plot.gnuplot'. + +runsystem(gnuplot dokument.pgf-plot.gnuplot)...executed. + +PGFPlots: reading {dokument.pgf-plot.table} +\openout3 = `dokument.pgf-plot.gnuplot'. + +runsystem(gnuplot dokument.pgf-plot.gnuplot)...executed. + +PGFPlots: reading {dokument.pgf-plot.table} +[4] [5] (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/listings/lstlang1.sty +File: lstlang1.sty 2019/09/10 1.8c listings language file +) +(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/listings/lstmisc.sty +File: lstmisc.sty 2019/09/10 1.8c (Carsten Heinz) +) +Package hyperref Info: bookmark level for unknown lstlisting defaults to 0 on i +nput line 292. + +(./programi/povpreci.c [6]) +(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/listings/lstlang1.sty +File: lstlang1.sty 2019/09/10 1.8c listings language file +) +(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/listings/lstlang2.sty +File: lstlang2.sty 2019/09/10 1.8c listings language file +) +(./programi/koliko.php +LaTeX Font Info: Trying to load font information for TS1+cmtt on input line +3. + (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1cmtt.fd +File: ts1cmtt.fd 2019/12/16 v2.5j Standard LaTeX font definitions +)) (./podatki.csv + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 Zaporedna številka, + dolžina stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine semen[mm] +The document does not appear to be in UTF-8 encoding. +Try adding \UseRawInputEncoding as the first line of the file +or specify an encoding such as \usepackage [latin1]{inputenc} +in the document preamble. +Alternatively, save the file in UTF-8 using your editor or another tool + + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte "A1. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 Zaporedna številka, + dolžina stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine semen[mm] +The document does not appear to be in UTF-8 encoding. +Try adding \UseRawInputEncoding as the first line of the file +or specify an encoding such as \usepackage [latin1]{inputenc} +in the document preamble. +Alternatively, save the file in UTF-8 using your editor or another tool + + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 Zaporedna številka,dolžina + stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine semen[mm] +The document does not appear to be in UTF-8 encoding. +Try adding \UseRawInputEncoding as the first line of the file +or specify an encoding such as \usepackage [latin1]{inputenc} +in the document preamble. +Alternatively, save the file in UTF-8 using your editor or another tool + + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte "BE. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 Zaporedna številka,dolžina + stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine semen[mm] +The document does not appear to be in UTF-8 encoding. +Try adding \UseRawInputEncoding as the first line of the file +or specify an encoding such as \usepackage [latin1]{inputenc} +in the document preamble. +Alternatively, save the file in UTF-8 using your editor or another tool + + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 ...dna številka,dolžina stroka[mm],število + semen,dolžine semen[mm] +The document does not appear to be in UTF-8 encoding. +Try adding \UseRawInputEncoding as the first line of the file +or specify an encoding such as \usepackage [latin1]{inputenc} +in the document preamble. +Alternatively, save the file in UTF-8 using your editor or another tool + + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte "A1. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 ...dna številka,dolžina stroka[mm],število + semen,dolžine semen[mm] +The document does not appear to be in UTF-8 encoding. +Try adding \UseRawInputEncoding as the first line of the file +or specify an encoding such as \usepackage [latin1]{inputenc} +in the document preamble. +Alternatively, save the file in UTF-8 using your editor or another tool + + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 ...olžina stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine + semen[mm] +The document does not appear to be in UTF-8 encoding. +Try adding \UseRawInputEncoding as the first line of the file +or specify an encoding such as \usepackage [latin1]{inputenc} +in the document preamble. +Alternatively, save the file in UTF-8 using your editor or another tool + + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte "BE. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 ...olžina stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine + semen[mm] +The document does not appear to be in UTF-8 encoding. +Try adding \UseRawInputEncoding as the first line of the file +or specify an encoding such as \usepackage [latin1]{inputenc} +in the document preamble. +Alternatively, save the file in UTF-8 using your editor or another tool + +[7]) (./urejeni.csv [8]) + +Package hyperref Warning: Composite letter `\textasciicaron+c' +(hyperref) not defined in PD1 encoding, +(hyperref) removing `\textasciicaron' on input line 299. + +[9] +Package atveryend Info: Empty hook `BeforeClearDocument' on input line 322. +Package atveryend Info: Empty hook `AfterLastShipout' on input line 322. 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Gregor Križ\\ @@ -122,69 +122,185 @@ \begin{document} \maketitle \begin{abstract} -Ta dokument vsebuje vajo \textit{\snovdn}in njene rešitve, ki sem jih spisal sam. Praktični del vaje sem izvajal v torek, enajstega novembra. +Ta dokument vsebuje vajo \textit{\snovdn}in njene rešitve, ki sem jih spisal sam. Praktični del vaje sem izvajal v torek, enajstega novembra. Vaja vsebuje rešitve raziskovalnega dela in nek krajši splošni povzetek o ugotovljenem. \end{abstract} \tableofcontents +%\begin{multicols}{2} +\section{Uvod} +Namen vaje: +\begin{itemize} + \item Spoznati pomen raznolikosti za uspešnost vrste + \item Spoznati naravni izbor in njegovo delovanje + \item Ugotoviti raznolikost znotraj vrste pri zemeljskem orešku + \item Zbiranje in obdelava podatkov ter ustrezen prikaz s pomočjo tabel in grafov +\end{itemize} +Naravna selekcija je evolucijski proces, pri katerem v naravi preživijo tisti osebki, ki so najbolje prilagojeni na trenutne razmere v okolju. S tem ko organizem preživi, se poveča njegova zmožnost reprodukcije in hkrati tudi poveča verjetnost, da bo prenesel svoje lastnosti na potomce. Vsi osebki znotraj vrste so si različni. Pri tej laboratorijski vaji boš ugotavljal razliko v dolžini stroka ter številu in dolžini semen pri zemeljskem orešku (\textit{Arachis Hypogea}). + +Pri tej vaji smo raziskovali prednosti, značilnosti in lastnosti naravne in umetne selekcije, ki je temelj za raznovrstnost okolja in vseh živih organizmov, z uporabo raziskovalnega dela s povsem osnovnimi koncepti in primeri. +\newpage \begin{multicols}{2} - \section{Uvod} - Namen vaje: - \begin{itemize} - \item Spoznati pomen raznolikosti za uspešnost vrste - \item Spoznati naravni izbor in njegovo delovanje - \item Ugotoviti raznolikost znotraj vrste pri zemeljskem orešku - \item Zbiranje in obdelava podatkov ter ustrezen prikaz s pomočjo tabel in grafov - \end{itemize} - Naravna selekcija je evolucijski proces, pri katerem v naravi preživijo tisti osebki, ki so najbolje prilagojeni na trenutne razmere v okolju. S tem ko organizem preživi, se poveča njegova zmožnost reprodukcije in hkrati tudi poveča verjetnost, da bo prenesel svoje lastnosti na potomce. Vsi osebki znotraj vrste so si različni. Pri tej laboratorijski vaji boš ugotavljal razliko v dolžini stroka ter številu in dolžini semen pri zemeljskem orešku (\textit{Arachis Hypogea}). \begin{figure}[H] \centering - \includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{embalaza} + \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{embalaza} \caption{Pakiranje arašidov \textit{lahko vsebuje sledove oreškov in sezama} --- Mercator --- Vir: osebni arhiv} \end{figure} - \vfill\null\columnbreak \begin{figure}[H] \centering - \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{arachis} + \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{geotrikotnik} + \caption{Geotrikotnik, uporabljen pri merjenju dolžin. Vir: osebni arhiv} + \end{figure} +% \vfill\null\columnbreak + \begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{arachis} \caption{zemeljski orešek (\textit{Arachis Hypogea}) Vir: Wikipedia \ccPublicDomain} \end{figure} + \begin{figure}[H] + \centering + \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{orescki} + \caption{Neoluščeni oreški. Vir: osebni arhiv} + \end{figure} \end{multicols} +\section{Material} +\begin{itemize} + \item 50 posušenih strokov arašidov + \item Ravnilo ali geotrikotnik + \item Pisalo + \item List papirja za zapis rezultatov +\end{itemize} + % \vfill\null\columnbreak +%\end{multicols} +\section{Metoda dela} +\begin{itemize} + \item S pomočjo ravnila izmeri dolžino stroka (rezultat zapiši v milimetrih). Nato ga odpri in preštej število semen, ki se nahajajo v stroku. Rezultate zapiši v tabelo. + \item Izmeri dolžino posameznega semena v stroku (rezultat zapiši v milimetrih) + \item Postopek ponovi še za preostalih 49 strokov + \item Poskus foto-dokumentiraj in slike priloži v poročilo +\end{itemize} + +Vsakega izmed petdesetih naključno izbranih strokov sem izmeril z geotrikotnikom po najdaljši dolžini. Nato sem strok odprl in še vsako seme po najdaljši dolžini izmeril. Da sem dobil bolj točne rezultate sem pri dvoumnih primerih strok ali pa tudi seme najprej preprosto prepolovil, nato pa ga izmeril po ploskvi. + +Rezultate sem sproti zapisoval v CSV datoteko v formatu \textit{zaporedna številka}, \textit{dolžina stroka v milimetrih}, \textit{število semen}, \textit{dolžine posameznih semen}. Ker sproti nisem pisal povprečij dolžine semen, sem to naredil kasneje s programom: \texttt{./a.out "3" "," ";" < ../podatki.csv > ../urejeni.csv}. + +Celoten proces sem videodokumentiral in pretočno predvajal na YouTube-u, spodaj je nekaj fotografij. \url{https://youtu.be/3ZKLGTZ9qE0} +\section{Rezultati} +Analiziraj rezultate in jih predstavi s pomočjo tabel in grafov (povprečne vrednosti, korelacije, ...). +\subsection{Razmerje med povprečno velikostjo semen v stroku in velikostjo stroka} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{axis}[xlabel=dolžina stroka v mm, ylabel = povprečna dolžina semen v mm, %hide x axis, + /pgf/number format/.cd, width=\textwidth-3cm, height=8cm, + use comma,% xtick={}, xticklabels={},x tick label style={color=white}, 1000 sep={}, + ytick pos=left] + \addplot[only marks, + mark options={scale=1}] gnuplot [raw gnuplot]{ + set datafile separator ","; + plot "urejeni.csv" using 2:5;% every 1; + }; + \end{axis} +\end{tikzpicture} + +Iz grafa je razvidno, da bo v večjem stroku zraslo več semen, saj se po diagonali razmerja stopnjujejo proti severovzhodu. +\subsection{Prevlada dvosemenskih strokov nad enosemenskimi} \begin{multicols}{2} - \section{Material} - \begin{itemize} - \item 50 posušenih strokov arašidov - \item Ravnilo ali geotrikotnik - \item Pisalo - \item List papirja za zapis rezultatov - \end{itemize} - \section{Metoda dela} - \begin{itemize} - \item S pomočjo ravnila izmeri dolžino stroka (rezultat zapiši v milimetrih). Nato ga odpri in preštej število semen, ki se nahajajo v stroku. Rezultate zapiši v tabelo. - \item Izmeri dolžino posameznega semena v stroku (rezultat zapiši v milimetrih) - \item Postopek ponovi še za preostalih 49 strokov - \item Poskus foto-dokumentiraj in slike priloži v poročilo - \end{itemize} - \section{Rezultati} - Analiziraj rezultate in jih predstavi s pomočjo tabel in grafov (povprečne vrednosti, korelacije, ...). - \section{Diskusija} - Razloži, kako so dolžina stroka, število semen in dolžina semen povezani z raznolikostjo znotraj vrste in naravno selekcijo. - - Pri diskusiji si pomagaj z naslednjimi vprašanji: - \begin{enumerate}[label=\alph)] - \item Kdo je Charles Darwin in kako je povezan z evolucijo? - \item Kaj je to naravna in kaj umetna selekcija? - \item Kaj je pomen različnega števila semen v posameznem stroku? - \item Zakaj ima zemeljski orešek več cvetov in posledično več strokov in semen? Kaj bi se zgodilo, če bi imela rastlina samo en cvet? - \item Kolikšna je najpogostejša dolžina stroka zemeljskega oreška= - \item Kolikšno je najpogostejše število semen v stroku? - \item Kako bi manjša količina semen od običajne vplivala na vrsto? - \item Kaj bi se zgodilo, če bi vsak strok vseboval več semen kot je to običajno pri tej vrsti? - \item Kakšno je razmerje med povprečno dolžino stroka in številom semen? - \end{enumerate} - \section{Viri in literatura} - Navedi vsaj pet različnih virov, ki si jih uporabil pri pisanju poročila. +\begin{tikzpicture} +\begin{axis} +[ + ybar, + enlargelimits=0.15, + ylabel={\ število strokov}, % the ylabel must precede a # symbol. + xlabel={\ število semen}, + symbolic x coords={dve, eno}, % these are the specification of coordinates on the x-axis. + xtick=data, + nodes near coords, % this command is used to mention the y-axis points on the top of the particular bar. + nodes near coords align={vertical}, + ] +\addplot coordinates {(dve,49) (eno,2)}; +\end{axis} +\end{tikzpicture} + +Iz grafa je razvidno, da prevladujejo stroki z dvema semenkama. To je dodatno obrazloženo kasneje. \end{multicols} -\section*{Zaključek} +\subsection{Pojav določene dolžine stroka} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{axis}[xlabel=dolžina stroka/semena v mm, ylabel = pogostost pojava te dolžine, %hide x axis, + /pgf/number format/.cd, width=\textwidth-3cm, height=8cm, + use comma,% xtick={}, xticklabels={},x tick label style={color=white}, 1000 sep={}, + ytick pos=left] + \addplot[blue,% only marks, + mark options={scale=1}] gnuplot [raw gnuplot]{ + set datafile separator ","; + plot "stroki.csv" using 1:2;% every 1; + }; + \addplot[red,% only marks, + mark options={scale=1}] gnuplot [raw gnuplot]{ + set datafile separator ","; + plot "semena.csv" using 1:2;% every 1; + }; + \end{axis} +\end{tikzpicture} + +Ta graf prikazuje frekvenco pojava neke dolžine stroka (plava barva) in neke dolžine semena (rdeča barva). Razmerje med povprečnima vrednostnima teh dveh spremenljivk je opredeljeno v \textit{diskusiji}. +\subsection{Število semen} +\paragraph{Zakaj ni več semen?} Ugotovil sem, da je število semen pomemben faktor pri uspešnosti rastline. Predvidevam, da, v kolikor je semen preveč, se preveč energije porabi za izdelavo semen, zato take rastline ne uspejo. Ker mora biti za vel semen tudi večji strok, obstaja možnost, da bo strok slabše pritrjen. Skozi steblo stroka lahko pride le omejena količina hranilnih snovi v časovnem obdobju, zato je število dozorelih semen omejeno tudi s tem. +\paragraph{Zakaj ni manj semen?} Če pa je semen premalo, se rastlina v naravi ne razmnožuje dovolj, zato vrsti oziroma natančnenje različici genoma preti propad. V strokih v naravi prosto rastečih rastlin je ponavadi manj semen kot v strokih rastlin, ki se uporabljajo v namene kmetijstva, saj je končni produkt seme. Že z Mendelovimi čistimi linijami in s križanjem lahko (in tudi so) kmetje skozi leta pridobijo vedno bolj obetavne rastline, poleg tega pa imamo še umetno spreminjanje genoma ali GSO. +\subsection{Velikost semen} +\paragraph{Zakaj semena niso večja?} Rastlina sama v naravi ne potrebuje več kot toliko hranilne zaloge v obliki ogljikovih hidratov, kot je je že tako shranjene v semenu. Seveda človek z GSO pridobiva vedno večja semena, vendar, kot pri številu semen, je omejitven faktor oziroma \textit{ozko grlo} spet velikost stroka in posledično širina stebla stroka. Ročno spreminjanje velikosti semen sicer uspeva, vendar počasi, saj bi bile potrebne celovite spremembe genoma, ki se je razvijal desettisoče let. +\paragraph{Zakaj semena niso manjša?} Poleg razloga o prisilnem povečevanju semen je en razlog tudi ta, da rastlina neke vrste v obdobju kalitve potrebuje določeno količino ogljikovih hidratov. To pa sicer ni taka omejitev, semena, ki se uporabljajo za sajenje zemeljskega oreška so bistveno manjša, saj služijo drugemu namenu. +\subsection{Velikost stroka} +Strok se seveda prilagaja številu semen in njihovi velikosti, saj raste skupaj z njimi. Zgoraj so že opisani nekateri razlogi, ki pripomorejo k takšni velikosti stroka, kakršno sem izmeril. +\section{Diskusija} +Razloži, kako so dolžina stroka, število semen in dolžina semen povezani z raznolikostjo znotraj vrste in naravno selekcijo. + +Pri diskusiji si pomagaj z naslednjimi vprašanji: +\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)] + \item Kdo je Charles Darwin in kako je povezan z evolucijo? + \item Kaj je to naravna in kaj umetna selekcija? + \item Kaj je pomen različnega števila semen v posameznem stroku? + \item Zakaj ima zemeljski orešek več cvetov in posledično več strokov in semen? Kaj bi se zgodilo, če bi imela rastlina samo en cvet? + \item Kolikšna je najpogostejša dolžina stroka zemeljskega oreška? + \item Kolikšno je najpogostejše število semen v stroku? + \item Kako bi manjša količina semen od običajne vplivala na vrsto? + \item Kaj bi se zgodilo, če bi vsak strok vseboval več semen kot je to običajno pri tej vrsti? + \item Kakšno je razmerje med povprečno dolžino stroka in številom semen? +\end{enumerate} + +Charles Darwin, utemeljitelj in oče evolucije ter hierarhične razporeditve vrst, je v svojih delih zagovarjal možnost razvijanja vrste skozi čas oziroma generacije po principu naravnega izbora, ki temelji na večjem uspehu variacij vrst, ki imajo za življenje boljše sposobnosti. Brez naključnih genskih mutacij evolucije ne bi bilo. Poleg naravnega izbora pa še posebej v tehnološko vedno bolj razvitem obdobju poznamo tudi umetno selekcijo, ki pa namesto na lastnostih razvijanja ponavadi raje izkorišča človeku dobrobitne lastnosti bodisi živali bodisi rastlin bodisi konec koncev tudi gliv. + +V našem primeru zemeljskega oreška smo se osredotočili na tri lastnosti, povezane med seboj in ena drugi pogojene --- dolžina strokov, dolžina semen in število semen v posameznem stroku. Za osnovno preživetje je sicer dovolj le eno seme, a kaj, če to seme po pomoti popade ali ga \say{ukrade} napadalec? V namen redundacije so se rastline s semenskim razmnoževanjem prilagodile tako, da proizvajajo več semen, izkoriščajo plenilce kot transport semen, ... + +Če se zgodi napaka v genomu in nastane manj semen ali premajhna semena, lahko pa tudi kako drugače neuporabna semena (prevelika, na prevelikih strokih, preveč), pa bo naravna selekcija prizadela razmnoževanje te nastale nove rastline in s tem preprečila širitev šibke vrste. + +Če bi posamezen strok vseboval preveč semen, se pojavi tudi primer prenasičenja plenilcev. Plenilci bi se zaradi dovoljšne količine hrane namnožili in do konca izropali rastlino plodov. Rastline, ki se razmnožujejo zanašajoč se na plenilce, ki pozabijo na zaloge semen, na primer hrasti, imajo značilen cikel velikosti letin semen. Ko smo pri primeru hrasta; hrast vsakih pet let proizvede tudi do petkrat več semen kot običajno, s tem preobremeni plenilce (veverice), ki veliko nagrabljenega želoda pustijo zakopanega, da iz njega zrastejo novi potomci, obenem pa drevo s ciklom tudi prepreči prenamnoženost plenilca. Prav v primeru hrasta je zelo zanimivo tudi dejstvo, da se drevesa sinhronizirajo po neki \textit{pranastavljeni uri}, ki omogoča, da vsa drevesa nekega območja vzrojijo hkrati. Predvidevajo, da se ta ura prenaša iz roda v rod po semenih, druge teorije pa nakazujejo tudi na klimatske pojave. + +Zadnje vprašanje se nanaša na razmerje med povprečno dolžino stroka in številom semen. Število semen je bilo v 49 od 51 primerih dve, v ostalih dveh primerih pa je strok vseboval zgolj eno seme. + +Povprečna dolžina stroka je bila $\SI{45,82}{\milli\meter}$, povprečna dolžina semena pa $\SI{19,92}{\milli\meter}$, zato je razmerje $2,300$, ravno pravšnje za dve semeni. +\section{Viri in literatura} +Navedi vsaj pet različnih virov, ki si jih uporabil pri pisanju poročila. +%\end{multicols} + +\begin{itemize} + \item \textit{Gregor Mendel}. 2020. [internet]. Angleška Wikipedia. [citirano 13. 11. 2020]. Dostopno na naslovu: \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gregor_Mendel&oldid=987811753} + \item \textit{Charles Darwin}. 2020. [internet]. Angleška Wikipedia. [citirano 13. 11. 2020]. Dostopno na naslovu: \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&oldid=987966829} + \item \textit{Evolution}. 2020. [internet]. Angleška Wikipedia. [citirano 13. 11. 2020]. Dostopno na naslovu: \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Evolution&oldid=988186646} + \item MOULD, S. \textit{How Oak Trees Manipulate Squirrels To Abandon Their Acorns}. 2020. [internet]. YouTube. [citirano 13. 11. 2020]. Dostopno na naslovu: \url{https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPCL9kj7_bU} + \item \textit{Peanut}. 2020. [internet]. Angleška Wikipedia. [citirano 13. 11. 2020]. Dostopno na naslovu: \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut} + \item STUŠEK, P., ŠKORNIK, S., VODNIK, D. idr. \textit{Zgradba in delovanje organizmov --- učbenik za biologijo v programih gimnazijskega izobraževanja}. 2011. Ljubljana: DZS. ISBN: 978-86-341-3990-7. +\end{itemize} +\section{Priloge} +\subsection{Priloga 1 --- programska koda za obdelavo podatkov} +\lstinputlisting[language=C]{programi/povpreci.c} +\lstinputlisting[language=PHP]{programi/koliko.php} +\subsection{Priloga 2 --- goli podatki meritev} +\paragraph{\texttt{podatki.csv}} +\lstinputlisting{podatki.csv} +\paragraph{\texttt{urejeni.csv}} +\lstinputlisting{urejeni.csv} +\section{Zaključek} + +S takimi raziskavami v šoli se učimo o osnovah in opredeljevanju evolucije in temeljnih tez, ki so jih zastavili Darwin, Mendel in drugi pomembni biologi, ki so proučevali genetiko. Raziskave na bolj celovitem področju pa pripomorejo celemu človeštvu, saj pomagajo pri iskanju vzrokov in preprečitvenih mehanizmov pogostih bolezni našega časa. -Tukaj še malo o pridobljenem znanju ... +\vfill\null Ta dokument je informativne narave in se lahko še spreminja. Najnovejša različica, torej PDFji in \hologo{LaTeX} diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/dokument.toc b/bio/vaje/1/dokument.toc index c7f3e11..d23fe38 100644 --- a/bio/vaje/1/dokument.toc +++ b/bio/vaje/1/dokument.toc @@ -1,6 +1,20 @@ \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Uvod}{1}{section.1}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Material}{2}{section.2}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Metoda dela}{2}{section.3}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Rezultati}{2}{section.4}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Diskusija}{2}{section.5}% -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Viri in literatura}{3}{section.6}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Material}{3}{section.2}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Metoda dela}{3}{section.3}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Rezultati}{3}{section.4}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1}Razmerje med povprečno velikostjo semen v stroku in velikostjo stroka}{3}{subsection.4.1}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2}Prevlada dvosemenskih strokov nad enosemenskimi}{3}{subsection.4.2}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3}Pojav določene dolžine stroka}{4}{subsection.4.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.4}Število semen}{4}{subsection.4.4}% +\contentsline {paragraph}{Zakaj ni več semen?}{4}{section*.2}% +\contentsline {paragraph}{Zakaj ni manj semen?}{4}{section*.3}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.5}Velikost semen}{4}{subsection.4.5}% +\contentsline {paragraph}{Zakaj semena niso večja?}{4}{section*.4}% +\contentsline {paragraph}{Zakaj semena niso manjša?}{5}{section*.5}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.6}Velikost stroka}{5}{subsection.4.6}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Diskusija}{5}{section.5}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}Viri in literatura}{6}{section.6}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7}Priloge}{6}{section.7}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1}Priloga 1 --- programska koda za obdelavo podatkov}{6}{subsection.7.1}% +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2}Priloga 2 --- goli podatki meritev}{7}{subsection.7.2}% +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8}Zaključek}{9}{section.8}% diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/geotrikotnik.jpg b/bio/vaje/1/geotrikotnik.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0c7469d --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/geotrikotnik.jpg diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/orescki.jpg b/bio/vaje/1/orescki.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2f8faf1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/orescki.jpg diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/programi/a.out b/bio/vaje/1/programi/a.out Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 0000000..e987781 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/programi/a.out diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/programi/explode.c b/bio/vaje/1/programi/explode.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..094dd41 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/programi/explode.c @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +#pragma once +#include <string.h> +char *strdup(const char *src) +{ + char *tmp = malloc(strlen(src) + 1); + if(tmp) + strcpy(tmp, src); + return tmp; +} + +void explode(const char *src, const char *tokens, char ***list, size_t *len) +{ + if(src == NULL || list == NULL || len == NULL) + return; + + char *str, *copy, **_list = NULL, **tmp; + *list = NULL; + *len = 0; + + copy = strdup(src); + if(copy == NULL) + return; + + str = strtok(copy, tokens); + if(str == NULL) + goto free_and_exit; + + _list = realloc(NULL, sizeof *_list); + if(_list == NULL) + goto free_and_exit; + + _list[*len] = strdup(str); + if(_list[*len] == NULL) + goto free_and_exit; + (*len)++; + + + while((str = strtok(NULL, tokens))) + { + tmp = realloc(_list, (sizeof *_list) * (*len + 1)); + if(tmp == NULL) + goto free_and_exit; + + _list = tmp; + + _list[*len] = strdup(str); + if(_list[*len] == NULL) + goto free_and_exit; + (*len)++; + } + + +free_and_exit: + *list = _list; + free(copy); +} diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/programi/fopenmkdir.c b/bio/vaje/1/programi/fopenmkdir.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afca4f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/programi/fopenmkdir.c @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +#pragma once +#include <mkdirp.c> +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <string.h> +#include <limits.h> +FILE * fopen_mkdir(char* filename, char* mode) { + FILE * file_to_return; + file_to_return = fopen(filename, mode); + if(file_to_return == NULL) { + char folder_of_file[PATH_MAX]; + strcpy(folder_of_file, filename); + char * p; + p = strrchr(folder_of_file, '/'); + if (!p) { + printf("[fopenmkdir.c] filename contains no slash.\n"); + return NULL; + } else { + // printf("folder is %s\n", folder_of_file); + // printf("filename is %s\n", filename); + *p = '\0'; + } + if(mkdir_p(folder_of_file) != 0) { + return NULL; + } + file_to_return = fopen(filename, mode); + if(file_to_return == NULL) { + return NULL; + } + return file_to_return; + } else { + return file_to_return; + } +} diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/programi/koliko.php b/bio/vaje/1/programi/koliko.php new file mode 100755 index 0000000..6ec7933 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/programi/koliko.php @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env php +<?php + $d = file_get_contents("../urejeni.csv"); + $e = explode("\n", $d); + $v = array(); + foreach ($e as $f) { + $g = explode(",", $f); + $v[$g[$argv[1]]]++; + } + ksort($v); + foreach ($v as $k => $s) { + $p .= "$k,$s\n"; + } + file_put_contents($argv[2], $p); + var_dump($v); +?> diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/programi/mkdirp.c b/bio/vaje/1/programi/mkdirp.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6c58e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/programi/mkdirp.c @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +// borrowed from https://gist.github.com/JonathonReinhart/8c0d90191c38af2dcadb102c4e202950 +#pragma once +#include <string.h> +#include <limits.h> /* PATH_MAX */ +#include <sys/stat.h> /* mkdir(2) */ +#include <errno.h> +int mkdir_p(const char *path) { + /* Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/2336245/119527 */ + const size_t len = strlen(path); + char _path[PATH_MAX]; + char *p; + + errno = 0; + + /* Copy string so its mutable */ + if (len > sizeof(_path)-1) { + errno = ENAMETOOLONG; + return -1; + } + strcpy(_path, path); + + /* Iterate the string */ + for (p = _path + 1; *p; p++) { + if (*p == '/') { + /* Temporarily truncate */ + *p = '\0'; + + if (mkdir(_path, S_IRWXU) != 0) { + if (errno != EEXIST) + return -1; + } + + *p = '/'; + } + } + + if (mkdir(_path, S_IRWXU) != 0) { + if (errno != EEXIST) + return -1; + } + + return 0; +} diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/programi/povpreci.c b/bio/vaje/1/programi/povpreci.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f3e7c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/programi/povpreci.c @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +#include <stdio.h> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include <explode.c> +#define delim argv[2] +#define valuesfield argv[1] +#define vfdelim argv[3] +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { + if(argc != 1+3) { + fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s valuesfield delim vfdelim\n", argv[0]); + return 1; + } + char **list; + size_t i, len; + size_t * counts; + char line[1337]; // yeah + int iter = 0, count; + double value; + double * values; + char * delimpointer; + char * nextdp; + fgets(line, 1337, stdin); + line[strcspn(line, "\n")] = 0; + while(1) { + explode(line, delim, &list, &len); + if (iter == 0) { + values = malloc(sizeof(double)*(len+1)); + counts = malloc(sizeof(size_t)*(len+1)); + for (i = 0; i <= len; i++) { + values[i] = 0; + counts[i] = 0; + } + } + if (iter != 0) // prvi je header + for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { + fprintf(stdout, "%s", list[i]); + if (i + 1 == len && i != atoi(valuesfield)) + fprintf(stdout, "\n"); + else + fprintf(stdout, ","); + if (i == atoi(valuesfield)) { + delimpointer = strtok(list[i], vfdelim); + value = 0; + count = 0; + while (delimpointer != NULL) { + value = value + atof(delimpointer); + count++; + delimpointer = strtok(NULL, vfdelim); + } + fprintf(stdout, "%lf", value/count); + values[i] = 0; + counts[i] = 1; + values[i+1] = values[i+1]/++(counts[i+1]); + if (i + 1 == len) + fprintf(stdout, "\n"); + else + fprintf(stdout, ","); + } else { + if (i > atoi(valuesfield)) { + values[i+1] = values[i+1]/++(counts[i+1]); + } else { + values[i] = values[i]/counts[i]; + } + } + } + /* free list */ + for(i = 0; i < len; ++i) { + free(list[i]); + } + free(list); + fgets(line, 1337, stdin); + if(feof(stdin)) { + fprintf(stderr, "averages:\n"); + for (i = 0; i <= len; i++) { + fprintf(stderr, "%lf", values[i]/counts[i]); + if (i + 1 == len) + fprintf(stderr, ","); + else + fprintf(stderr, "\n"); + } + break; + } + // fprintf(stderr, "d: %s", line); + line[strcspn(line, "\n")] = 0; + iter++; + } + return 0; +} diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/programi/strlcat.c b/bio/vaje/1/programi/strlcat.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d4e99e --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/programi/strlcat.c @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +/* + * Copyright (c) 2011 Apple, Inc. All rights reserved. + * + * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@ + * + * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code + * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License + * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in + * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at + * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this + * file. + * + * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are + * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER + * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES, + * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. + * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and + * limitations under the License. + * + * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@ + */ + +#include <strings.h> + +size_t +strlcat(char * restrict dst, const char * restrict src, size_t maxlen) { + const size_t srclen = strlen(src); + const size_t dstlen = strnlen(dst, maxlen); + if (dstlen == maxlen) return maxlen+srclen; + if (srclen < maxlen-dstlen) { + memcpy(dst+dstlen, src, srclen+1); + } else { + memcpy(dst+dstlen, src, maxlen-1); + dst[dstlen+maxlen-1] = '\0'; + } + return dstlen + srclen; +} + diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/programi/strlcpy.c b/bio/vaje/1/programi/strlcpy.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1dc6147 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/programi/strlcpy.c @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +/* + * Copyright (c) 2011 Apple, Inc. All rights reserved. + * + * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@ + * + * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code + * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License + * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in + * compliance with the License. The rights granted to you under the License + * may not be used to create, or enable the creation or redistribution of, + * unlawful or unlicensed copies of an Apple operating system, or to + * circumvent, violate, or enable the circumvention or violation of, any + * terms of an Apple operating system software license agreement. + * + * Please obtain a copy of the License at + * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this file. + * + * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are + * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER + * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES, + * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. + * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and + * limitations under the License. + * + * @APPLE_OSREFERENCE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@ + */ + +#include "string.h" + +#undef strlcpy +size_t +strlcpy(char * dst, const char * src, size_t maxlen) { + const size_t srclen = strlen(src); + if (srclen + 1 < maxlen) { + memcpy(dst, src, srclen + 1); + } else if (maxlen != 0) { + memcpy(dst, src, maxlen - 1); + dst[maxlen-1] = '\0'; + } + return srclen; +} + diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/semena.csv b/bio/vaje/1/semena.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f1ac4a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/bio/vaje/1/semena.csv @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +,1 +14.000000,1 +14.500000,2 +16.000000,2 +16.500000,1 +17.000000,2 +17.500000,1 +18.000000,6 +18.500000,4 +19.000000,1 +19.500000,1 +20.000000,5 +20.500000,5 +21.000000,6 +21.500000,3 +22.000000,2 +23.000000,4 +24.000000,2 +24.500000,3 diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/stderr.log b/bio/vaje/1/stderr.log index 1f8beb5..72fa1b9 100644 --- a/bio/vaje/1/stderr.log +++ b/bio/vaje/1/stderr.log @@ -1 +1 @@ -<</Type/XRef/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<09EFB49044027586ABB407A2AB28D63C><09EFB49044027586ABB407A2AB28D63C>]/Index[ 0 160]/Info 158 0 R/Length 422/Root 157 0 R/Size 160/W[ 1 3 1]>> +<</Type/XRef/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<B2E7D9DC566533D6B63CE4FDAA22A254><B2E7D9DC566533D6B63CE4FDAA22A254>]/Index[ 0 530]/Info 528 0 R/Length 1248/Root 527 0 R/Size 530/W[ 1 3 1]>> diff --git a/bio/vaje/1/stdout.log b/bio/vaje/1/stdout.log index 8b7bb59..c099bb4 100644 --- a/bio/vaje/1/stdout.log +++ b/bio/vaje/1/stdout.log @@ -442,142 +442,155 @@ your preamble. (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/fmtcount/fc-english.def) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsfonts/umsa.fd) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsfonts/umsb.fd) (./dokument.toc) -Overfull \hbox (5.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 146--147 +[1{/var/lib/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] +Overfull \hbox (5.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 144--145 [][] -[1{/var/lib/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}pdfTeX warning (ext4): des -tination with the same identifier (name{figure.1}) has been already used, dupli -cate ignored + +Overfull \hbox (5.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 149--150 + [][] +[2pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with the same identifier (name{figure.1}) +has been already used, duplicate ignored \AtBegShi@Output ...ipout \box \AtBeginShipoutBox \fi \fi -l.149 \end{multicols} - <./embalaza.jpg>] -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.172 \item K - do je Charles Darwin in kako je povezan z evolucijo? -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.172 \item K - do je Charles Darwin in kako je povezan z evolucijo? -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.173 \item K - aj je to naravna in kaj umetna selekcija? -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.173 \item K - aj je to naravna in kaj umetna selekcija? -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.174 \item K - aj je pomen različnega števila semen v posameznem stroku? -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.174 \item K - aj je pomen različnega števila semen v posameznem stroku? - -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 174--175 -[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Kaj je pomen ra-zli^^Tcnega ^^Tstevila se-men v -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.175 \item Z - akaj ima zemeljski orešek več cvetov in posledično več st... - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.175 \item Z - akaj ima zemeljski orešek več cvetov in posledično več st... - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.176 \item K - olikšna je najpogostejša dolžina stroka zemeljskega oreška= -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.176 \item K - olikšna je najpogostejša dolžina stroka zemeljskega oreška= - -Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 176--177 -[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 Kolik^^Tsna je na-j-pogostej^^Tsa dol^^Tzina stroka -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.177 \item K - olikšno je najpogostejše število semen v stroku? -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.177 \item K - olikšno je najpogostejše število semen v stroku? -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.178 \item K - ako bi manjša količina semen od običajne vplivala na vrsto? -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.178 \item K - ako bi manjša količina semen od običajne vplivala na vrsto? -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.179 \item K - aj bi se zgodilo, če bi vsak strok vseboval več semen kot j... - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.179 \item K - aj bi se zgodilo, če bi vsak strok vseboval več semen kot j... - -[2pdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with the same identifier (name{figure.2}) -has been already used, duplicate ignored +l.167 \item R + avnilo ali geotrikotnikpdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with th +e same identifier (name{figure.2}) has been already used, duplicate ignored \AtBegShi@Output ...ipout \box \AtBeginShipoutBox \fi \fi -l.180 \item K - akšno je razmerje med povprečno dolžino stroka in število... - <./arachis.jpg>] -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.180 \item K - akšno je razmerje med povprečno dolžino stroka in število... - -! Missing number, treated as zero. -<to be read again> - \c@) -l.180 \item K - akšno je razmerje med povprečno dolžino stroka in število... - -[3] (./dokument.aux) ) +l.167 \item R + avnilo ali geotrikotnikpdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with th +e same identifier (name{figure.3}) has been already used, duplicate ignored + +\AtBegShi@Output ...ipout \box \AtBeginShipoutBox + \fi \fi +l.167 \item R + avnilo ali geotrikotnikpdfTeX warning (ext4): destination with th +e same identifier (name{figure.4}) has been already used, duplicate ignored + +\AtBegShi@Output ...ipout \box \AtBeginShipoutBox + \fi \fi +l.167 \item R + avnilo ali geotrikotnik <./embalaza.jpg> <./geotrikotnik.jpg> <./ +arachis.jpg> <./orescki.jpg>] + +Package hyperref Warning: Composite letter `\textasciicaron+c' +(hyperref) not defined in PD1 encoding, +(hyperref) removing `\textasciicaron' on input line 188. + +[3] +Overfull \hbox (4.06032pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 219--220 +[][] + +Package hyperref Warning: Composite letter `\textasciicaron+c' +(hyperref) not defined in PD1 encoding, +(hyperref) removing `\textasciicaron' on input line 223. + +[4] [5] (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/listings/lstlang1.sty) +(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/listings/lstmisc.sty) +(./programi/povpreci.c [6]) +(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/listings/lstlang1.sty) +(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/listings/lstlang2.sty) +(./programi/koliko.php (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1cmtt.fd +)) (./podatki.csv + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 Zaporedna številka, + dolžina stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine semen[mm] + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte "A1. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 Zaporedna številka, + dolžina stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine semen[mm] + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 Zaporedna številka,dolžina + stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine semen[mm] + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte "BE. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 Zaporedna številka,dolžina + stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine semen[mm] + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 ...dna številka,dolžina stroka[mm],število + semen,dolžine semen[mm] + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte "A1. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 ...dna številka,dolžina stroka[mm],število + semen,dolžine semen[mm] + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 ...olžina stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine + semen[mm] + +! Package inputenc Error: Invalid UTF-8 byte "BE. + +See the inputenc package documentation for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.1 ...olžina stroka[mm],število semen,dolžine + semen[mm] +[7]) (./urejeni.csv [8]) + +Package hyperref Warning: Composite letter `\textasciicaron+c' +(hyperref) not defined in PD1 encoding, +(hyperref) removing `\textasciicaron' on input line 299. + +[9] (./dokument.aux) ) (see the transcript file for additional information){/usr/share/texmf/fonts/enc /dvips/cm-super/cm-super-ts1.enc}</usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/pub lic/ccicons/ccicons.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfo nts/cm/cmbx10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm /cmbx12.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx9 -.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb></ -usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr12.pfb></usr/sha -re/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr17.pfb></usr/share/texl -ive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr7.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texm -f-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr9.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/f -onts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmti10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/t -ype1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmti9.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/pu -blic/amsfonts/cm/cmtt10.pfb></usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfrm1 -000.pfb> -Output written on dokument.pdf (3 pages, 8136272 bytes). +.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmmi10.pfb>< +/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb></usr/sh +are/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr12.pfb></usr/share/tex +live/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr17.pfb></usr/share/texlive/te +xmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr5.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist +/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr7.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/t +ype1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr9.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/pub +lic/amsfonts/cm/cmti10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/am +sfonts/cm/cmti9.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/ +cm/cmtt10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmt +t8.pfb></usr/share/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfrm1000.pfb></usr/share/t +exmf/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sftt0800.pfb> +Output written on dokument.pdf (9 pages, 13122499 bytes). SyncTeX written on dokument.synctex.gz. Transcript written on dokument.log. 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