path: root/fiz/vaje/1/dokument.lyx

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\begin_body

\begin_layout Title
Ravnovesje togega telesa
\end_layout

\begin_layout Author

\noun on
Anton Luka Šijanec
\end_layout

\begin_layout Date
3.
 oktober 2022
\end_layout

\begin_layout Abstract
Poročilo prve vaje pri predmetu 
\noun on
F41
\noun default
 na Gimnaziji Bežigrad v 4.
 letniku.
 Vaja je potekala 15.
 septembra 2022.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset toc
LatexCommand tableofcontents

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Uvod
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Za ravnovesje togega telesa morata biti izpolnjena dva pogoja:
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
vsota vseh zunanjih sil mora biti nič in
\end_layout

\begin_layout Enumerate
vsota navorov zunanjih sil mora biti nič.
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Naloga
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Opazuj ravnovesje lesene palice v različnih legah!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Potrebščine
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
palica
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
silomer (2)
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
meter
\end_layout

\begin_layout Itemize
geotrikotnik
\end_layout

\begin_layout Section
Potek dela
\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Vleka palice do premika
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Vleka-palice-do-premika"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Palico na levi strani pridrži tako, da se lahko vrti okrog krajišča.
 Na desnem krajišču jo vleci s silomerom pravokotno na palico tako, da se
 ravno še dotika tal (se še ne dviguje).
 Izmeri silo ter rezultat meritve preveri še računsko! Manjkajoče količine
 za izračun izmeri.
 Izračunaj silo v osi!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
F_{\text{{izmerjena}}}=\SI{3,4}{\newton}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
l=\SI{0,6}{\meter}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
m=\SI{0,6992}{\kilo\gram}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
x_{F_{g}}=\frac{{l}}{2}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
F_{\text{{teoretična}}}=mg\frac{{x_{F_{g}}}}{l}=\SI{0,6992}{\kilo\gram}\cdot\SI{9,81}{\meter\per\second\squared}\cdot\frac{{1}}{2}=\SI{3,429576}{\newton}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

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\begin_inset Formula 
\[
F_{\text{{os}}}=F_{\text{{teoretična}}}
\]

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\begin_layout Subsection
Vleka silomera vedno navpično
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LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Vleka-silomera-vedno-navpično"

\end_inset


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\begin_layout Standard
Palico dviguj okoli osi tako, da vlečeš silomer še vedno navpično navzgor.
 Silo, s katero vlečeš, izmeri ter jo izračunaj pri kotih 
\begin_inset Formula $\ang{30}$
\end_inset

 in 
\begin_inset Formula $\ang{45}$
\end_inset

.
 Kolikšna je v teh primerih sila v osi? Primerjaj rezultate za različne
 lege palice in jih komentiraj.
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kot 
\begin_inset Formula $\left[^{\circ}\right]$
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sila 
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30
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3,5
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45
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3,4
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\begin_inset Caption Standard

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Izmerjene količine pri različnih kotih pri nalogi 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Vleka-silomera-vedno-navpično"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Paragraph
Rešitev
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Sila je ne glede na kot enaka in sledi predpisu 
\begin_inset Formula $F=\frac{{1}}{2}F_{g}$
\end_inset

, torej je teoretična sila enaka kot pri nalogi 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Vleka-palice-do-premika"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

\end_inset

.
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Vleka pravokotno na palico
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\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Palico dviguj okrog osi tako, da je silomer ves čas pravokoten na palico.
 Izmeri silo pri kotih 
\begin_inset Formula $\ang{30}$
\end_inset

in 
\begin_inset Formula $\ang{60}.$
\end_inset

 Silo tudi izračunaj!
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kot 
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30
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3,1
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\begin_inset Caption Standard

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Izmerjene količine pri različnih kotih pri nalogi 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Vleka-pravokotno-na-palico"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
F_{\ang{30}}=\cos\ang{30}\cdot F_{g}\cdot\frac{{1}}{2}=\cos\ang{30}\cdot\SI{6,859152}{\newton}\cdot\frac{{1}}{2}=\SI{2,97009994021}{\newton}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
F_{\ang{60}}=cos\ang{60}\cdot F_{g}\cdot\frac{{1}}{2}=\SI{1,714788}{\newton}
\]

\end_inset


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\begin_layout Subsection
Vleka do premika z vpenjanjem na drugih mestih
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Vpni silomer za kaveljček ter izmeri in izračnuaj silo, s katero vlečeš
 silomer pravokotno na palico, ta pa se ravno še ne dvigne.
 Meritve ponovi tudi pri drugem kaveljčku.
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razdalja med osjo in kaveljčkom 
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\begin_inset Caption Standard

\begin_layout Plain Layout
Izmerjene količine na različnih kaveljčkih pri nalogi 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Vleka-do-premika-z-vpenjanjem-na-drugih-mestih"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
F_{g}x_{F_{g}}=F_{1}x_{1}\rightarrow F_{1}=\frac{F_{g}x_{F_{g}}}{x_{1}}=\SI{5,080853}{\newton}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
F_{2}=\frac{{F_{g}x_{F_{g}}}}{x_{2}}=\SI{4,5225178022}{\newton}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Subsection
Vleka do premika pod kotom
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "subsec:Vleka-do-premika-pod-kotom"

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\begin_layout Standard
Silomer iz primera 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Vleka-do-premika-z-vpenjanjem-na-drugih-mestih"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

\end_inset

 vleci pod kotom 
\begin_inset Formula $\ang{30}$
\end_inset

glede na palico tako, da se ta ravno še ne dvigne.
 Izmeri silo ter jo tudi izračunaj!
\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
F_{\text{{izmerjena}}}=\SI{1}{\newton}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Formula 
\[
F=\frac{F_{y}}{\sin\ang{30}}\wedge F_{y}l=F_{g}x_{F_{g}}\rightarrow F=\frac{{F_{g}x_{F_{g}}}}{\sin\ang{30}l}=F_{g}=\SI{6,859152}{\newton}
\]

\end_inset


\end_layout

\begin_layout Standard
Meritev je bila očitno narobe izvedena, saj se 
\begin_inset Formula $F_{\text{{izmerjena}}}$
\end_inset

občutno razlikuje od 
\begin_inset Formula $F_{\text{{teoretična}}}$
\end_inset

.
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\begin_layout Section
Zaključek
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\begin_layout Standard
Razen meritve 
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand ref
reference "subsec:Vleka-do-premika-pod-kotom"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"

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 vse izmerjene sile glede na primerjavo s teoretično napovedjo odstopajo
 malo — natančne so vsaj na dve decimalni mesti.
\end_layout

\end_body
\end_document