13 files changed, 149 insertions, 72 deletions

diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockBigFlower.h b/src/Blocks/BlockBigFlower.h
index 848cdce16..5df20dedf 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockBigFlower.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockBigFlower.h
@@ -65,15 +65,23 @@ private:
 		auto flowerType = a_BlockMeta & 0x07;
 		if (flowerType == E_META_BIG_FLOWER_DOUBLE_TALL_GRASS)
 		{
-			if (GetRandomProvider().RandBool(1.0 / 24.0))
+
+			// Drop seeds, depending on bernoulli trial result:
+			if (GetRandomProvider().RandBool(0.875))
 			{
-				return cItem(E_ITEM_SEEDS);
+				// 87.5% chance of dropping nothing:
+				return {};
 			}
+
+			// 12.5% chance of dropping some seeds.
+			const auto DropNum = FortuneDiscreteRandom(1, 1, 2 * ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool));
+			return cItem(E_ITEM_SEEDS, DropNum);
 		}
 		else if (flowerType != E_META_BIG_FLOWER_LARGE_FERN)
 		{
 			return cItem(m_BlockType, 1, static_cast<short>(flowerType));
 		}
+
 		return {};
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockCrops.h b/src/Blocks/BlockCrops.h
index 1d612e685..827b26881 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockCrops.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockCrops.h
@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ public:
 
 private:
 
+	/** Calculate the number of seeds to drop when the crop is broken. */
+	static char CalculateSeedCount(char a_Min, char a_BaseRolls, char a_FortuneLevel)
+	{
+		std::binomial_distribution Binomial(a_BaseRolls + a_FortuneLevel, 0.57);
+		return a_Min + Binomial(GetRandomProvider().Engine());
+	}
+
+
+
+
+
 	virtual cItems ConvertToPickups(NIBBLETYPE a_BlockMeta, const cEntity * a_Digger, const cItem * a_Tool) const override
 	{
 		auto & rand = GetRandomProvider();
@@ -30,11 +41,12 @@ private:
 		{
 			switch (m_BlockType)
 			{
-				case E_BLOCK_BEETROOTS: return cItem(E_ITEM_BEETROOT_SEEDS, 1, 0); break;
-				case E_BLOCK_CROPS:     return cItem(E_ITEM_SEEDS,          1, 0); break;
-				case E_BLOCK_CARROTS:   return cItem(E_ITEM_CARROT,         1, 0); break;
-				case E_BLOCK_POTATOES:  return cItem(E_ITEM_POTATO,         1, 0); break;
+				case E_BLOCK_BEETROOTS: return cItem(E_ITEM_BEETROOT_SEEDS);
+				case E_BLOCK_CROPS:     return cItem(E_ITEM_SEEDS);
+				case E_BLOCK_CARROTS:   return cItem(E_ITEM_CARROT);
+				case E_BLOCK_POTATOES:  return cItem(E_ITEM_POTATO);
 			}
+
 			ASSERT(!"Unhandled block type");
 			return {};
 		}
@@ -45,30 +57,32 @@ private:
 		{
 			case E_BLOCK_BEETROOTS:
 			{
-				char SeedCount = 1 + ((rand.RandInt<char>(2) + rand.RandInt<char>(2)) / 2);  // [1 .. 3] with high preference of 2
-				res.Add(E_ITEM_BEETROOT_SEEDS, SeedCount, 0);
-				char BeetrootCount = 1 + ((rand.RandInt<char>(2) + rand.RandInt<char>(2)) / 2);  // [1 .. 3] with high preference of 2
-				res.Add(E_ITEM_BEETROOT, BeetrootCount, 0);
+				const auto SeedCount = CalculateSeedCount(0, 3, ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool));
+				res.Add(E_ITEM_BEETROOT_SEEDS, SeedCount);
+				res.Add(E_ITEM_BEETROOT);
 				break;
 			}
 			case E_BLOCK_CROPS:
 			{
-				res.Add(E_ITEM_WHEAT, 1, 0);
-				res.Add(E_ITEM_SEEDS, 1 + ((rand.RandInt<char>(2) + rand.RandInt<char>(2)) / 2), 0);  // [1 .. 3] with high preference of 2
+				res.Add(E_ITEM_WHEAT);
+				const auto SeedCount = CalculateSeedCount(1, 3, ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool));
+				res.Add(E_ITEM_SEEDS, SeedCount);
 				break;
 			}
 			case E_BLOCK_CARROTS:
 			{
-				res.Add(E_ITEM_CARROT, 1 + ((rand.RandInt<char>(2) + rand.RandInt<char>(2)) / 2), 0);  // [1 .. 3] with high preference of 2
+				const auto CarrotCount = CalculateSeedCount(1, 4, ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool));
+				res.Add(E_ITEM_CARROT, CarrotCount);
 				break;
 			}
 			case E_BLOCK_POTATOES:
 			{
-				res.Add(E_ITEM_POTATO, 1 + ((rand.RandInt<char>(2) + rand.RandInt<char>(2)) / 2), 0);  // [1 .. 3] with high preference of 2
-				if (rand.RandBool(0.05))
+				const auto PotatoCount = CalculateSeedCount(2, 3, ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool));
+				res.Add(E_ITEM_POTATO, PotatoCount);
+				if (rand.RandBool(0.02))
 				{
-					// With a 5% chance, drop a poisonous potato as well
-					res.emplace_back(E_ITEM_POISONOUS_POTATO, 1, 0);
+					// With a 2% chance, drop a poisonous potato as well
+					res.Add(E_ITEM_POISONOUS_POTATO);
 				}
 				break;
 			}
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockGlowstone.h b/src/Blocks/BlockGlowstone.h
index 1e187084d..395233b44 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockGlowstone.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockGlowstone.h
@@ -21,16 +21,12 @@ private:
 		// Drop self only when using silk-touch:
 		if (ToolHasSilkTouch(a_Tool))
 		{
-			return cItem(E_BLOCK_GLOWSTONE, 1, 0);
+			return cItem(E_BLOCK_GLOWSTONE);
 		}
 
 		// Number of dust to drop, capped at the max amount of 4.
-		const auto Drops = std::min(
-			static_cast<char>(4),
-			GetRandomProvider().RandInt<char>(2, 4 + ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool))
-		);
-
-		return cItem(E_ITEM_GLOWSTONE_DUST, Drops);
+		const auto DropNum = FortuneDiscreteRandom(2, 4, ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool), 4);
+		return cItem(E_ITEM_GLOWSTONE_DUST, DropNum);
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockGravel.h b/src/Blocks/BlockGravel.h
index 972dea4e4..2e145f5e5 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockGravel.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockGravel.h
@@ -18,15 +18,19 @@ private:
 
 	virtual cItems ConvertToPickups(NIBBLETYPE a_BlockMeta, const cEntity * a_Digger, const cItem * a_Tool) const override
 	{
-		// TODO: Handle the Fortune and Silk touch enchantments here
-		if (GetRandomProvider().RandBool(0.10))
+		if (ToolHasSilkTouch(a_Tool))
 		{
-			return cItem(E_ITEM_FLINT, 1, 0);
+			return cItem(E_BLOCK_GRAVEL);
 		}
-		else
+
+		// Denominator of probability from wiki, don't let it go below 1.
+		const auto Denominator = std::max(10 - 3 * ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool), 1);
+		if (GetRandomProvider().RandBool(1.0 / Denominator))
 		{
-			return cItem(E_BLOCK_GRAVEL, 1, 0);
+			return cItem(E_ITEM_FLINT);
 		}
+
+		return cItem(E_BLOCK_GRAVEL);
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockHandler.cpp b/src/Blocks/BlockHandler.cpp
index 0066a06a5..a10c5e48d 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockHandler.cpp
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockHandler.cpp
@@ -658,6 +658,19 @@ unsigned char cBlockHandler::ToolFortuneLevel(const cItem * a_Tool)
 
 
 
+char cBlockHandler::FortuneDiscreteRandom(char a_MinDrop, char a_DefaultMax, unsigned char a_BonusMax, char a_DropCap)
+{
+	// First sample the discrete random distribution.
+	char DropNum = GetRandomProvider().RandInt<char>(a_MinDrop, a_DefaultMax + a_BonusMax);
+
+	// Then clamp to within range (clamp instead of min incase of overflow):
+	return std::clamp<char>(DropNum, a_MinDrop, a_DropCap);
+}
+
+
+
+
+
 const cBlockHandler & cBlockHandler::For(BLOCKTYPE a_BlockType)
 {
 	// Switch on the block type, as an enumeration
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockHandler.h b/src/Blocks/BlockHandler.h
index 55dbeb5ec..cc701ca8e 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockHandler.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockHandler.h
@@ -227,6 +227,15 @@ public:
 	Can be used in ConvertToPickups() implementations. */
 	static unsigned char ToolFortuneLevel(const cItem * a_Tool);
 
+	/** Returns a random number of drops taking into account fortune.
+	Only applies to drops following clamped discrete random distribution.
+	a_DefaultMax is the maximum items from one block without fortune.
+	a_BonusMax is the amount to increase the max of randInt by, usually the fortune level (but not always)
+	a_DropCap is the maximum items from one block with fortune,
+	if unspecified set to 25 to prevent lag or crash with high level tools.
+	Similar to uniform_bonus_count at https://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Loot_table#Functions */
+	static char FortuneDiscreteRandom(char a_MinDrop, char a_DefaultMax, unsigned char a_BonusMax, char a_DropCap = 25);
+
 	// Gets the blockhandler for the given block type.
 	static const cBlockHandler & For(BLOCKTYPE a_BlockType);
 
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockLeaves.h b/src/Blocks/BlockLeaves.h
index c08f1b6bb..1f726f779 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockLeaves.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockLeaves.h
@@ -25,6 +25,23 @@ public:
 
 private:
 
+	static double FortuneDropProbability(unsigned char a_DefaultDenominator, unsigned char a_FirstDenominatorReduction, unsigned char a_FortuneLevel)
+	{
+		// Fortune 3 behaves like fortune 4 for some reason
+		if (a_FortuneLevel == 3)
+		{
+			a_FortuneLevel++;
+		}
+
+		// Denominator, capped at minimum of 10.
+		const auto Denominator = std::max<unsigned char>(10, a_DefaultDenominator - a_FortuneLevel * a_FirstDenominatorReduction);
+		return 1.0 / Denominator;
+	}
+
+
+
+
+
 	/** Returns true if the area contains a continous path from the specified block to a log block entirely made out of leaves blocks. */
 	static bool HasNearLog(cBlockArea & a_Area, const Vector3i a_BlockPos)
 	{
@@ -98,44 +115,56 @@ private:
 		// If breaking with shears, drop self:
 		if ((a_Tool != nullptr) && (a_Tool->m_ItemType == E_ITEM_SHEARS))
 		{
-			return cItem(m_BlockType, a_BlockMeta & 0x03);
+			return cItem(m_BlockType, 1, a_BlockMeta & 0x03);
 		}
 
 
 		// There is a chance to drop a sapling that varies depending on the type of leaf broken.
 		// Note: It is possible (though very rare) for a single leaves block to drop both a sapling and an apple
-		// TODO: Take into account fortune for sapling drops.
-		double chance = 0.0;
-		auto & rand = GetRandomProvider();
-		cItems res;
+		double DropProbability;
+		const auto FortuneLevel = ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool);
+		auto & Random = GetRandomProvider();
+		cItems Res;
+
 		if ((m_BlockType == E_BLOCK_LEAVES) && ((a_BlockMeta & 0x03) == E_META_LEAVES_JUNGLE))
 		{
-			// Jungle leaves have a 2.5% chance of dropping a sapling.
-			chance = 0.025;
+			// Jungle leaves have a 2.5% default chance of dropping a sapling.
+			DropProbability = FortuneDropProbability(40, 4, FortuneLevel);
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			// Other leaves have a 5% chance of dropping a sapling.
-			chance = 0.05;
+			// Other leaves have a 5% default chance of dropping a sapling.
+			DropProbability = FortuneDropProbability(20, 4, FortuneLevel);
 		}
-		if (rand.RandBool(chance))
+
+		if (Random.RandBool(DropProbability))
 		{
-			res.Add(
+			Res.Add(
 				E_BLOCK_SAPLING,
 				1,
 				(m_BlockType == E_BLOCK_LEAVES) ? (a_BlockMeta & 0x03) : static_cast<short>(4 + (a_BlockMeta & 0x01))
 			);
 		}
 
-		// 0.5 % chance of dropping an apple, if the leaves' type is Apple Leaves
+		// 0.5 % chance of dropping an apple, increased by fortune, if the leaves' type is Apple Leaves
 		if ((m_BlockType == E_BLOCK_LEAVES) && ((a_BlockMeta & 0x03) == E_META_LEAVES_APPLE))
 		{
-			if (rand.RandBool(0.005))
+			DropProbability = FortuneDropProbability(200, 20, FortuneLevel);
+			if (Random.RandBool(DropProbability))
 			{
-				res.Add(E_ITEM_RED_APPLE, 1, 0);
+				Res.Add(E_ITEM_RED_APPLE);
 			}
 		}
-		return res;
+
+		// 2% chance of dropping sticks (yuck) in 1.14
+		DropProbability = FortuneDropProbability(50, 5, FortuneLevel);
+		if (Random.RandBool(DropProbability))
+		{
+			// 1 or 2 sticks are dropped on success:
+			Res.Add(E_ITEM_STICK, Random.RandInt<char>(1, 2));
+		}
+
+		return Res;
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockMelon.h b/src/Blocks/BlockMelon.h
index 09841e642..da021830c 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockMelon.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockMelon.h
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ private:
 
 	virtual cItems ConvertToPickups(NIBBLETYPE a_BlockMeta, const cEntity * a_Digger, const cItem * a_Tool) const override
 	{
-		return cItem(E_ITEM_MELON_SLICE, GetRandomProvider().RandInt<char>(3, 7), 0);
+		const auto DropNum = FortuneDiscreteRandom(3, 7, ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool), 9);
+		return cItem(E_ITEM_MELON_SLICE, DropNum);
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockNetherWart.h b/src/Blocks/BlockNetherWart.h
index 590a55772..dde6b17d4 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockNetherWart.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockNetherWart.h
@@ -24,13 +24,11 @@ private:
 		if (a_BlockMeta == 0x03)
 		{
 			// Fully grown, drop the entire produce:
-			auto & rand = GetRandomProvider();
-			return cItem(E_ITEM_NETHER_WART, 1 + (rand.RandInt<char>(2) + rand.RandInt<char>(2)) / 2, 0);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return cItem(E_ITEM_NETHER_WART);
+			const auto DropNum = FortuneDiscreteRandom(2, 4, ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool));
+			return cItem(E_ITEM_NETHER_WART, DropNum);
 		}
+
+		return cItem(E_ITEM_NETHER_WART);
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockOre.h b/src/Blocks/BlockOre.h
index 98db5198d..95bffc75e 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockOre.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockOre.h
@@ -31,19 +31,23 @@ private:
 			}
 		}
 
-		auto & Random = GetRandomProvider();
 		const auto FortuneLevel = ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool);
-		const auto Drops = std::max(static_cast<char>(1), FloorC<char>(Random.RandReal(FortuneLevel + 2.0)));
 
+		if ((m_BlockType == E_BLOCK_REDSTONE_ORE) || (m_BlockType == E_BLOCK_REDSTONE_ORE_GLOWING))
+		{   // Redstone follows the discrete random distribution, unlike other ores
+			const auto DropNum = FortuneDiscreteRandom(4, 5, FortuneLevel);
+			return cItem(E_ITEM_REDSTONE_DUST, DropNum);
+		}
+
+		auto & Random = GetRandomProvider();
+		const auto DropMult = std::max(static_cast<char>(1), FloorC<char>(Random.RandReal(FortuneLevel + 2.0)));
 		switch (m_BlockType)
 		{
-			case E_BLOCK_LAPIS_ORE:            return cItem(E_ITEM_DYE, Drops * Random.RandInt<char>(4, 9), 4);
-			case E_BLOCK_REDSTONE_ORE:         // Handled by next case (glowing redstone)
-			case E_BLOCK_REDSTONE_ORE_GLOWING: return cItem(E_ITEM_REDSTONE_DUST, Random.RandInt<char>(4, 5 + FortuneLevel));
-			case E_BLOCK_DIAMOND_ORE:          return cItem(E_ITEM_DIAMOND, Drops);
-			case E_BLOCK_EMERALD_ORE:          return cItem(E_ITEM_EMERALD, Drops);
-			case E_BLOCK_COAL_ORE:             return cItem(E_ITEM_COAL, Drops);
-			case E_BLOCK_NETHER_QUARTZ_ORE:    return cItem(E_ITEM_NETHER_QUARTZ, Drops);
+			case E_BLOCK_LAPIS_ORE:            return cItem(E_ITEM_DYE, DropMult * Random.RandInt<char>(4, 9), 4);
+			case E_BLOCK_DIAMOND_ORE:          return cItem(E_ITEM_DIAMOND, DropMult);
+			case E_BLOCK_EMERALD_ORE:          return cItem(E_ITEM_EMERALD, DropMult);
+			case E_BLOCK_COAL_ORE:             return cItem(E_ITEM_COAL, DropMult);
+			case E_BLOCK_NETHER_QUARTZ_ORE:    return cItem(E_ITEM_NETHER_QUARTZ, DropMult);
 			case E_BLOCK_CLAY:                 return cItem(E_ITEM_CLAY, 4);
 			default:
 			{
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockSeaLantern.h b/src/Blocks/BlockSeaLantern.h
index 9804642ca..d3adc95f4 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockSeaLantern.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockSeaLantern.h
@@ -23,15 +23,11 @@ private:
 		// Drop self only when using silk-touch:
 		if (ToolHasSilkTouch(a_Tool))
 		{
-			return cItem(E_BLOCK_SEA_LANTERN, 1, 0);
+			return cItem(E_BLOCK_SEA_LANTERN);
 		}
 
 		// Number of crystals to drop, capped at the max amount of 5.
-		const auto Drops = std::min(
-			static_cast<char>(5),
-			GetRandomProvider().RandInt<char>(2, 3 + ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool))
-		);
-
-		return cItem(E_ITEM_PRISMARINE_CRYSTALS, Drops);
+		const auto DropNum = FortuneDiscreteRandom(2, 3, ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool), 5);
+		return cItem(E_ITEM_PRISMARINE_CRYSTALS, DropNum);
 	}
 } ;
diff --git a/src/Blocks/BlockTallGrass.h b/src/Blocks/BlockTallGrass.h
index f0da32cf5..d43d3ad04 100644
--- a/src/Blocks/BlockTallGrass.h
+++ b/src/Blocks/BlockTallGrass.h
@@ -37,12 +37,15 @@ private:
 			return cItem(m_BlockType, 1, a_BlockMeta);
 		}
 
-		// Drop seeds, sometimes:
-		if (GetRandomProvider().RandBool(0.125))
+		// Drop seeds, depending on bernoulli trial result:
+		if (GetRandomProvider().RandBool(0.875))  // 87.5% chance of dropping nothing
 		{
-			return cItem(E_ITEM_SEEDS);
+			return {};
 		}
-		return {};
+
+		// 12.5% chance of dropping 0 or more seeds.
+		const auto DropNum = FortuneDiscreteRandom(1, 1, 2 * ToolFortuneLevel(a_Tool));
+		return cItem(E_ITEM_SEEDS, DropNum);
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/src/Item.h b/src/Item.h
index 2f7b1a238..d3f853170 100644
--- a/src/Item.h
+++ b/src/Item.h
@@ -230,6 +230,8 @@ public:
 	cItem * Get   (int a_Idx);
 	void    Set   (int a_Idx, const cItem & a_Item);
 	void    Add   (const cItem & a_Item) {push_back(a_Item); }
+	void    Add   (short a_ItemType) { emplace_back(a_ItemType); }
+	void    Add   (short a_ItemType, char a_ItemCount) { emplace_back(a_ItemType, a_ItemCount); }
 	void    Delete(int a_Idx);
 	void    Clear (void) {clear(); }
 	size_t  Size  (void) const { return size(); }
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ public:
 
 	void    Add   (short a_ItemType, char a_ItemCount, short a_ItemDamage)
 	{
-		push_back(cItem(a_ItemType, a_ItemCount, a_ItemDamage));
+		emplace_back(a_ItemType, a_ItemCount, a_ItemDamage);
 	}
 
 	/** Adds a copy of all items in a_ItemGrid. */