22 files changed, 717 insertions, 843 deletions

diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp
index 5772cad87..889ad6c56 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.cpp
@@ -2,98 +2,235 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <memory>
+#include <span>
 
-#include <glad/glad.h>
-
-#include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/microprofile.h"
 #include "video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h"
-#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
-#include "video_core/rasterizer_interface.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_library.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 
 namespace OpenGL {
+namespace {
+struct BindlessSSBO {
+    GLuint64EXT address;
+    GLsizei length;
+    GLsizei padding;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(BindlessSSBO) == sizeof(GLuint) * 4);
+
+constexpr std::array PROGRAM_LUT{
+    GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_NV,   GL_TESS_CONTROL_PROGRAM_NV, GL_TESS_EVALUATION_PROGRAM_NV,
+    GL_GEOMETRY_PROGRAM_NV, GL_FRAGMENT_PROGRAM_NV,
+};
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+Buffer::Buffer(BufferCacheRuntime&, VideoCommon::NullBufferParams null_params)
+    : VideoCommon::BufferBase<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface>(null_params) {}
+
+Buffer::Buffer(BufferCacheRuntime& runtime, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
+               VAddr cpu_addr_, u64 size_bytes_)
+    : VideoCommon::BufferBase<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface>(rasterizer_, cpu_addr_, size_bytes_) {
+    buffer.Create();
+    const std::string name = fmt::format("Buffer 0x{:x}", CpuAddr());
+    glObjectLabel(GL_BUFFER, buffer.handle, static_cast<GLsizei>(name.size()), name.data());
+    if (runtime.device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
+        CreateMemoryObjects(runtime);
+        glNamedBufferStorageMemEXT(buffer.handle, SizeBytes(), memory_commit.ExportOpenGLHandle(),
+                                   memory_commit.Offset());
+    } else {
+        glNamedBufferData(buffer.handle, SizeBytes(), nullptr, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+    }
+    if (runtime.has_unified_vertex_buffers) {
+        glGetNamedBufferParameterui64vNV(buffer.handle, GL_BUFFER_GPU_ADDRESS_NV, &address);
+    }
+}
 
-using Maxwell = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs;
+void Buffer::ImmediateUpload(size_t offset, std::span<const u8> data) noexcept {
+    glNamedBufferSubData(buffer.handle, static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
+                         static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(data.size_bytes()), data.data());
+}
 
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Buffer_Download, "OpenGL", "Buffer Download", MP_RGB(192, 192, 128));
+void Buffer::ImmediateDownload(size_t offset, std::span<u8> data) noexcept {
+    glGetNamedBufferSubData(buffer.handle, static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
+                            static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(data.size_bytes()), data.data());
+}
 
-Buffer::Buffer(const Device& device_, VAddr cpu_addr_, std::size_t size_)
-    : BufferBlock{cpu_addr_, size_} {
-    gl_buffer.Create();
-    glNamedBufferData(gl_buffer.handle, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size_), nullptr, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
-    if (device_.UseAssemblyShaders() || device_.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory()) {
-        glMakeNamedBufferResidentNV(gl_buffer.handle, GL_READ_WRITE);
-        glGetNamedBufferParameterui64vNV(gl_buffer.handle, GL_BUFFER_GPU_ADDRESS_NV, &gpu_address);
+void Buffer::MakeResident(GLenum access) noexcept {
+    // Abuse GLenum's order to exit early
+    // GL_NONE (default) < GL_READ_ONLY < GL_READ_WRITE
+    if (access <= current_residency_access || buffer.handle == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (std::exchange(current_residency_access, access) != GL_NONE) {
+        // If the buffer is already resident, remove its residency before promoting it
+        glMakeNamedBufferNonResidentNV(buffer.handle);
     }
+    glMakeNamedBufferResidentNV(buffer.handle, access);
 }
 
-Buffer::~Buffer() = default;
+GLuint Buffer::SubBuffer(u32 offset) {
+    if (offset == 0) {
+        return buffer.handle;
+    }
+    for (const auto& [sub_buffer, sub_offset] : subs) {
+        if (sub_offset == offset) {
+            return sub_buffer.handle;
+        }
+    }
+    OGLBuffer sub_buffer;
+    sub_buffer.Create();
+    glNamedBufferStorageMemEXT(sub_buffer.handle, SizeBytes() - offset,
+                               memory_commit.ExportOpenGLHandle(), memory_commit.Offset() + offset);
+    return subs.emplace_back(std::move(sub_buffer), offset).first.handle;
+}
 
-void Buffer::Upload(std::size_t offset, std::size_t data_size, const u8* data) {
-    glNamedBufferSubData(Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
-                         static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(data_size), data);
+void Buffer::CreateMemoryObjects(BufferCacheRuntime& runtime) {
+    auto& allocator = runtime.vulkan_memory_allocator;
+    auto& device = runtime.vulkan_device->GetLogical();
+    auto vulkan_buffer = device.CreateBuffer(VkBufferCreateInfo{
+        .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+        .pNext = nullptr,
+        .flags = 0,
+        .size = SizeBytes(),
+        .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT |
+                 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT |
+                 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT |
+                 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT |
+                 VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+        .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+        .queueFamilyIndexCount = 0,
+        .pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr,
+    });
+    const VkMemoryRequirements requirements = device.GetBufferMemoryRequirements(*vulkan_buffer);
+    memory_commit = allocator->Commit(requirements, Vulkan::MemoryUsage::DeviceLocal);
 }
 
-void Buffer::Download(std::size_t offset, std::size_t data_size, u8* data) {
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Buffer_Download);
-    const GLsizeiptr gl_size = static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(data_size);
-    const GLintptr gl_offset = static_cast<GLintptr>(offset);
-    if (read_buffer.handle == 0) {
-        read_buffer.Create();
-        glNamedBufferData(read_buffer.handle, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(Size()), nullptr,
-                          GL_STREAM_READ);
+BufferCacheRuntime::BufferCacheRuntime(const Device& device_, const Vulkan::Device* vulkan_device_,
+                                       Vulkan::MemoryAllocator* vulkan_memory_allocator_)
+    : device{device_}, vulkan_device{vulkan_device_},
+      vulkan_memory_allocator{vulkan_memory_allocator_},
+      stream_buffer{device.HasFastBufferSubData() ? std::nullopt
+                                                  : std::make_optional<StreamBuffer>()} {
+    GLint gl_max_attributes;
+    glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS, &gl_max_attributes);
+    max_attributes = static_cast<u32>(gl_max_attributes);
+    use_assembly_shaders = device.UseAssemblyShaders();
+    has_unified_vertex_buffers = device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory();
+
+    for (auto& stage_uniforms : fast_uniforms) {
+        for (OGLBuffer& buffer : stage_uniforms) {
+            buffer.Create();
+            glNamedBufferData(buffer.handle, BufferCache::SKIP_CACHE_SIZE, nullptr, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+        }
     }
-    glMemoryBarrier(GL_BUFFER_UPDATE_BARRIER_BIT);
-    glCopyNamedBufferSubData(gl_buffer.handle, read_buffer.handle, gl_offset, gl_offset, gl_size);
-    glGetNamedBufferSubData(read_buffer.handle, gl_offset, gl_size, data);
 }
 
-void Buffer::CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst_offset,
-                      std::size_t copy_size) {
-    glCopyNamedBufferSubData(src.Handle(), Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(src_offset),
-                             static_cast<GLintptr>(dst_offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(copy_size));
+void BufferCacheRuntime::CopyBuffer(Buffer& dst_buffer, Buffer& src_buffer,
+                                    std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferCopy> copies) {
+    for (const VideoCommon::BufferCopy& copy : copies) {
+        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(
+            src_buffer.Handle(), dst_buffer.Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(copy.src_offset),
+            static_cast<GLintptr>(copy.dst_offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(copy.size));
+    }
 }
 
-OGLBufferCache::OGLBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
-                               Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_,
-                               const Device& device_, OGLStreamBuffer& stream_buffer_,
-                               StateTracker& state_tracker)
-    : GenericBufferCache{rasterizer_, gpu_memory_, cpu_memory_, stream_buffer_}, device{device_} {
-    if (!device.HasFastBufferSubData()) {
-        return;
+void BufferCacheRuntime::BindIndexBuffer(Buffer& buffer, u32 offset, u32 size) {
+    if (has_unified_vertex_buffers) {
+        buffer.MakeResident(GL_READ_ONLY);
+        glBufferAddressRangeNV(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_ADDRESS_NV, 0, buffer.HostGpuAddr() + offset,
+                               static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    } else {
+        glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer.Handle());
+        index_buffer_offset = offset;
     }
+}
 
-    static constexpr GLsizeiptr size = static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize);
-    glCreateBuffers(static_cast<GLsizei>(std::size(cbufs)), std::data(cbufs));
-    for (const GLuint cbuf : cbufs) {
-        glNamedBufferData(cbuf, size, nullptr, GL_STREAM_DRAW);
+void BufferCacheRuntime::BindVertexBuffer(u32 index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset, u32 size,
+                                          u32 stride) {
+    if (index >= max_attributes) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (has_unified_vertex_buffers) {
+        buffer.MakeResident(GL_READ_ONLY);
+        glBindVertexBuffer(index, 0, 0, static_cast<GLsizei>(stride));
+        glBufferAddressRangeNV(GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ADDRESS_NV, index,
+                               buffer.HostGpuAddr() + offset, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    } else {
+        glBindVertexBuffer(index, buffer.Handle(), static_cast<GLintptr>(offset),
+                           static_cast<GLsizei>(stride));
     }
 }
 
-OGLBufferCache::~OGLBufferCache() {
-    glDeleteBuffers(static_cast<GLsizei>(std::size(cbufs)), std::data(cbufs));
+void BufferCacheRuntime::BindUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 binding_index, Buffer& buffer,
+                                           u32 offset, u32 size) {
+    if (use_assembly_shaders) {
+        const GLuint sub_buffer = buffer.SubBuffer(offset);
+        glBindBufferRangeNV(PABO_LUT[stage], binding_index, sub_buffer, 0,
+                            static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    } else {
+        const GLuint base_binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).uniform_buffer;
+        const GLuint binding = base_binding + binding_index;
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding, buffer.Handle(),
+                          static_cast<GLintptr>(offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    }
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<Buffer> OGLBufferCache::CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) {
-    return std::make_shared<Buffer>(device, cpu_addr, size);
+void BufferCacheRuntime::BindComputeUniformBuffer(u32 binding_index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset,
+                                                  u32 size) {
+    if (use_assembly_shaders) {
+        glBindBufferRangeNV(GL_COMPUTE_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV, binding_index,
+                            buffer.SubBuffer(offset), 0, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    } else {
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding_index, buffer.Handle(),
+                          static_cast<GLintptr>(offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    }
 }
 
-OGLBufferCache::BufferInfo OGLBufferCache::GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) {
-    return {0, 0, 0};
+void BufferCacheRuntime::BindStorageBuffer(size_t stage, u32 binding_index, Buffer& buffer,
+                                           u32 offset, u32 size, bool is_written) {
+    if (use_assembly_shaders) {
+        const BindlessSSBO ssbo{
+            .address = buffer.HostGpuAddr() + offset,
+            .length = static_cast<GLsizei>(size),
+            .padding = 0,
+        };
+        buffer.MakeResident(is_written ? GL_READ_WRITE : GL_READ_ONLY);
+        glProgramLocalParametersI4uivNV(PROGRAM_LUT[stage], binding_index, 1,
+                                        reinterpret_cast<const GLuint*>(&ssbo));
+    } else {
+        const GLuint base_binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).shader_storage_buffer;
+        const GLuint binding = base_binding + binding_index;
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, binding, buffer.Handle(),
+                          static_cast<GLintptr>(offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    }
 }
 
-OGLBufferCache::BufferInfo OGLBufferCache::ConstBufferUpload(const void* raw_pointer,
-                                                             std::size_t size) {
-    DEBUG_ASSERT(cbuf_cursor < std::size(cbufs));
-    const GLuint cbuf = cbufs[cbuf_cursor++];
+void BufferCacheRuntime::BindComputeStorageBuffer(u32 binding_index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset,
+                                                  u32 size, bool is_written) {
+    if (use_assembly_shaders) {
+        const BindlessSSBO ssbo{
+            .address = buffer.HostGpuAddr() + offset,
+            .length = static_cast<GLsizei>(size),
+            .padding = 0,
+        };
+        buffer.MakeResident(is_written ? GL_READ_WRITE : GL_READ_ONLY);
+        glProgramLocalParametersI4uivNV(GL_COMPUTE_PROGRAM_NV, binding_index, 1,
+                                        reinterpret_cast<const GLuint*>(&ssbo));
+    } else if (size == 0) {
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, binding_index, 0, 0, 0);
+    } else {
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, binding_index, buffer.Handle(),
+                          static_cast<GLintptr>(offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+    }
+}
 
-    glNamedBufferSubData(cbuf, 0, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), raw_pointer);
-    return {cbuf, 0, 0};
+void BufferCacheRuntime::BindTransformFeedbackBuffer(u32 index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset,
+                                                     u32 size) {
+    glBindBufferRange(GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, index, buffer.Handle(),
+                      static_cast<GLintptr>(offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
 }
 
 } // namespace OpenGL
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h
index 17ee90316..f4d8871a9 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_buffer_cache.h
@@ -5,79 +5,167 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
-#include <memory>
+#include <span>
 
+#include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/dynamic_library.h"
 #include "video_core/buffer_cache/buffer_cache.h"
-#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
+#include "video_core/rasterizer_interface.h"
+#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 
-namespace Core {
-class System;
-}
+namespace Vulkan {
+class Device;
+class MemoryAllocator;
+} // namespace Vulkan
 
 namespace OpenGL {
 
-class Device;
-class OGLStreamBuffer;
-class RasterizerOpenGL;
-class StateTracker;
+class BufferCacheRuntime;
 
-class Buffer : public VideoCommon::BufferBlock {
+class Buffer : public VideoCommon::BufferBase<VideoCore::RasterizerInterface> {
 public:
-    explicit Buffer(const Device& device_, VAddr cpu_addr_, std::size_t size_);
-    ~Buffer();
+    explicit Buffer(BufferCacheRuntime&, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, VAddr cpu_addr,
+                    u64 size_bytes);
+    explicit Buffer(BufferCacheRuntime&, VideoCommon::NullBufferParams);
 
-    void Upload(std::size_t offset, std::size_t data_size, const u8* data);
+    void ImmediateUpload(size_t offset, std::span<const u8> data) noexcept;
 
-    void Download(std::size_t offset, std::size_t data_size, u8* data);
+    void ImmediateDownload(size_t offset, std::span<u8> data) noexcept;
 
-    void CopyFrom(const Buffer& src, std::size_t src_offset, std::size_t dst_offset,
-                  std::size_t copy_size);
+    void MakeResident(GLenum access) noexcept;
 
-    GLuint Handle() const noexcept {
-        return gl_buffer.handle;
+    [[nodiscard]] GLuint SubBuffer(u32 offset);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] GLuint64EXT HostGpuAddr() const noexcept {
+        return address;
     }
 
-    u64 Address() const noexcept {
-        return gpu_address;
+    [[nodiscard]] GLuint Handle() const noexcept {
+        return buffer.handle;
     }
 
 private:
-    OGLBuffer gl_buffer;
-    OGLBuffer read_buffer;
-    u64 gpu_address = 0;
+    void CreateMemoryObjects(BufferCacheRuntime& runtime);
+
+    GLuint64EXT address = 0;
+    Vulkan::MemoryCommit memory_commit;
+    OGLBuffer buffer;
+    GLenum current_residency_access = GL_NONE;
+    std::vector<std::pair<OGLBuffer, u32>> subs;
 };
 
-using GenericBufferCache = VideoCommon::BufferCache<Buffer, GLuint, OGLStreamBuffer>;
-class OGLBufferCache final : public GenericBufferCache {
+class BufferCacheRuntime {
+    friend Buffer;
+
 public:
-    explicit OGLBufferCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer,
-                            Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory,
-                            const Device& device, OGLStreamBuffer& stream_buffer,
-                            StateTracker& state_tracker);
-    ~OGLBufferCache();
+    static constexpr u8 INVALID_BINDING = std::numeric_limits<u8>::max();
+
+    explicit BufferCacheRuntime(const Device& device_, const Vulkan::Device* vulkan_device_,
+                                Vulkan::MemoryAllocator* vulkan_memory_allocator_);
+
+    void CopyBuffer(Buffer& dst_buffer, Buffer& src_buffer,
+                    std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferCopy> copies);
+
+    void BindIndexBuffer(Buffer& buffer, u32 offset, u32 size);
+
+    void BindVertexBuffer(u32 index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset, u32 size, u32 stride);
+
+    void BindUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 binding_index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset, u32 size);
+
+    void BindComputeUniformBuffer(u32 binding_index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset, u32 size);
+
+    void BindStorageBuffer(size_t stage, u32 binding_index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset, u32 size,
+                           bool is_written);
+
+    void BindComputeStorageBuffer(u32 binding_index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset, u32 size,
+                                  bool is_written);
 
-    BufferInfo GetEmptyBuffer(std::size_t) override;
+    void BindTransformFeedbackBuffer(u32 index, Buffer& buffer, u32 offset, u32 size);
 
-    void Acquire() noexcept {
-        cbuf_cursor = 0;
+    void BindFastUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 binding_index, u32 size) {
+        if (use_assembly_shaders) {
+            const GLuint handle = fast_uniforms[stage][binding_index].handle;
+            const GLsizeiptr gl_size = static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size);
+            glBindBufferRangeNV(PABO_LUT[stage], binding_index, handle, 0, gl_size);
+        } else {
+            const GLuint base_binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).uniform_buffer;
+            const GLuint binding = base_binding + binding_index;
+            glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding,
+                              fast_uniforms[stage][binding_index].handle, 0,
+                              static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+        }
     }
 
-protected:
-    std::shared_ptr<Buffer> CreateBlock(VAddr cpu_addr, std::size_t size) override;
+    void PushFastUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 binding_index, std::span<const u8> data) {
+        if (use_assembly_shaders) {
+            glProgramBufferParametersIuivNV(
+                PABO_LUT[stage], binding_index, 0,
+                static_cast<GLsizei>(data.size_bytes() / sizeof(GLuint)),
+                reinterpret_cast<const GLuint*>(data.data()));
+        } else {
+            glNamedBufferSubData(fast_uniforms[stage][binding_index].handle, 0,
+                                 static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(data.size_bytes()), data.data());
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::span<u8> BindMappedUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 binding_index, u32 size) noexcept {
+        const auto [mapped_span, offset] = stream_buffer->Request(static_cast<size_t>(size));
+        const GLuint base_binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).uniform_buffer;
+        const GLuint binding = base_binding + binding_index;
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding, stream_buffer->Handle(),
+                          static_cast<GLintptr>(offset), static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
+        return mapped_span;
+    }
 
-    BufferInfo ConstBufferUpload(const void* raw_pointer, std::size_t size) override;
+    [[nodiscard]] const GLvoid* IndexOffset() const noexcept {
+        return reinterpret_cast<const GLvoid*>(static_cast<uintptr_t>(index_buffer_offset));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool HasFastBufferSubData() const noexcept {
+        return device.HasFastBufferSubData();
+    }
 
 private:
-    static constexpr std::size_t NUM_CBUFS = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::MaxConstBuffers *
-                                             Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::MaxShaderProgram;
+    static constexpr std::array PABO_LUT{
+        GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV,          GL_TESS_CONTROL_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV,
+        GL_TESS_EVALUATION_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV, GL_GEOMETRY_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV,
+        GL_FRAGMENT_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV,
+    };
 
     const Device& device;
+    const Vulkan::Device* vulkan_device;
+    Vulkan::MemoryAllocator* vulkan_memory_allocator;
+    std::optional<StreamBuffer> stream_buffer;
+
+    u32 max_attributes = 0;
 
-    std::size_t cbuf_cursor = 0;
-    std::array<GLuint, NUM_CBUFS> cbufs{};
+    bool use_assembly_shaders = false;
+    bool has_unified_vertex_buffers = false;
+
+    std::array<std::array<OGLBuffer, VideoCommon::NUM_GRAPHICS_UNIFORM_BUFFERS>,
+               VideoCommon::NUM_STAGES>
+        fast_uniforms;
+
+    u32 index_buffer_offset = 0;
+};
+
+struct BufferCacheParams {
+    using Runtime = OpenGL::BufferCacheRuntime;
+    using Buffer = OpenGL::Buffer;
+
+    static constexpr bool IS_OPENGL = true;
+    static constexpr bool HAS_PERSISTENT_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BINDINGS = true;
+    static constexpr bool HAS_FULL_INDEX_AND_PRIMITIVE_SUPPORT = true;
+    static constexpr bool NEEDS_BIND_UNIFORM_INDEX = true;
+    static constexpr bool NEEDS_BIND_STORAGE_INDEX = true;
+    static constexpr bool USE_MEMORY_MAPS = false;
 };
 
+using BufferCache = VideoCommon::BufferCache<BufferCacheParams>;
+
 } // namespace OpenGL
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp
index 04c267ee4..0f492f006 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.cpp
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h"
 
 namespace OpenGL {
-
 namespace {
-
 // One uniform block is reserved for emulation purposes
 constexpr u32 ReservedUniformBlocks = 1;
 
@@ -197,11 +195,13 @@ bool IsASTCSupported() {
     const bool nsight = std::getenv("NVTX_INJECTION64_PATH") || std::getenv("NSIGHT_LAUNCHED");
     return nsight || HasExtension(extensions, "GL_EXT_debug_tool");
 }
-
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-Device::Device()
-    : max_uniform_buffers{BuildMaxUniformBuffers()}, base_bindings{BuildBaseBindings()} {
+Device::Device(bool has_vulkan_instance) {
+    if (!GLAD_GL_VERSION_4_6) {
+        LOG_ERROR(Render_OpenGL, "OpenGL 4.6 is not available");
+        throw std::runtime_error{"Insufficient version"};
+    }
     const std::string_view vendor = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
     const std::string_view version = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_VERSION));
     const std::vector extensions = GetExtensions();
@@ -217,6 +217,9 @@ Device::Device()
             "Beta driver 443.24 is known to have issues. There might be performance issues.");
         disable_fast_buffer_sub_data = true;
     }
+
+    max_uniform_buffers = BuildMaxUniformBuffers();
+    base_bindings = BuildBaseBindings();
     uniform_buffer_alignment = GetInteger<size_t>(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT);
     shader_storage_alignment = GetInteger<size_t>(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT);
     max_vertex_attributes = GetInteger<u32>(GL_MAX_VERTEX_ATTRIBS);
@@ -243,7 +246,8 @@ Device::Device()
 
     use_assembly_shaders = Settings::values.use_assembly_shaders.GetValue() &&
                            GLAD_GL_NV_gpu_program5 && GLAD_GL_NV_compute_program5 &&
-                           GLAD_GL_NV_transform_feedback && GLAD_GL_NV_transform_feedback2;
+                           GLAD_GL_NV_transform_feedback && GLAD_GL_NV_transform_feedback2 &&
+                           has_vulkan_instance;
 
     use_asynchronous_shaders = Settings::values.use_asynchronous_shaders.GetValue();
     use_driver_cache = is_nvidia;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h
index 9141de635..eb62ae52d 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h
@@ -10,18 +10,16 @@
 
 namespace OpenGL {
 
-static constexpr u32 EmulationUniformBlockBinding = 0;
-
-class Device final {
+class Device {
 public:
-    struct BaseBindings final {
+    struct BaseBindings {
         u32 uniform_buffer{};
         u32 shader_storage_buffer{};
         u32 sampler{};
         u32 image{};
     };
 
-    explicit Device();
+    explicit Device(bool has_vulkan_instance);
     explicit Device(std::nullptr_t);
 
     u32 GetMaxUniformBuffers(Tegra::Engines::ShaderType shader_type) const noexcept {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.cpp
index 3e9c922f5..151290101 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ void GLInnerFence::Wait() {
 
 FenceManagerOpenGL::FenceManagerOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
                                        Tegra::GPU& gpu_, TextureCache& texture_cache_,
-                                       OGLBufferCache& buffer_cache_, QueryCache& query_cache_)
+                                       BufferCache& buffer_cache_, QueryCache& query_cache_)
     : GenericFenceManager{rasterizer_, gpu_, texture_cache_, buffer_cache_, query_cache_} {}
 
 Fence FenceManagerOpenGL::CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.h
index 30dbee613..e714aa115 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_fence_manager.h
@@ -32,14 +32,13 @@ private:
 };
 
 using Fence = std::shared_ptr<GLInnerFence>;
-using GenericFenceManager =
-    VideoCommon::FenceManager<Fence, TextureCache, OGLBufferCache, QueryCache>;
+using GenericFenceManager = VideoCommon::FenceManager<Fence, TextureCache, BufferCache, QueryCache>;
 
 class FenceManagerOpenGL final : public GenericFenceManager {
 public:
-    explicit FenceManagerOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
-                                TextureCache& texture_cache_, OGLBufferCache& buffer_cache_,
-                                QueryCache& query_cache_);
+    explicit FenceManagerOpenGL(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer, Tegra::GPU& gpu,
+                                TextureCache& texture_cache, BufferCache& buffer_cache,
+                                QueryCache& query_cache);
 
 protected:
     Fence CreateFence(u32 value, bool is_stubbed) override;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
index ea4ca9a82..52499ee4c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
@@ -44,17 +44,10 @@ using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
 using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget;
 using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType;
 
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_VAO, "OpenGL", "Vertex Format Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_VB, "OpenGL", "Vertex Buffer Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Shader, "OpenGL", "Shader Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_UBO, "OpenGL", "Const Buffer Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Index, "OpenGL", "Index Buffer Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Texture, "OpenGL", "Texture Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Framebuffer, "OpenGL", "Framebuffer Setup", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Drawing, "OpenGL", "Drawing", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
+MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Clears, "OpenGL", "Clears", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_Blits, "OpenGL", "Blits", MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_CacheManagement, "OpenGL", "Cache Mgmt", MP_RGB(100, 255, 100));
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_PrimitiveAssembly, "OpenGL", "Prim Asmbl", MP_RGB(255, 100, 100));
+MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_CacheManagement, "OpenGL", "Cache Management", MP_RGB(100, 255, 100));
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -101,20 +94,6 @@ TextureHandle GetTextureInfo(const Engine& engine, bool via_header_index, const
     return TextureHandle(engine.AccessConstBuffer32(shader_type, buffer, offset), via_header_index);
 }
 
-std::size_t GetConstBufferSize(const Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferInfo& buffer,
-                               const ConstBufferEntry& entry) {
-    if (!entry.IsIndirect()) {
-        return entry.GetSize();
-    }
-    if (buffer.size > Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize) {
-        LOG_WARNING(Render_OpenGL, "Indirect constbuffer size {} exceeds maximum {}", buffer.size,
-                    Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize);
-        return Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize;
-    }
-
-    return buffer.size;
-}
-
 /// Translates hardware transform feedback indices
 /// @param location Hardware location
 /// @return Pair of ARB_transform_feedback3 token stream first and third arguments
@@ -147,14 +126,6 @@ void oglEnable(GLenum cap, bool state) {
     (state ? glEnable : glDisable)(cap);
 }
 
-void UpdateBindlessSSBOs(GLenum target, const BindlessSSBO* ssbos, size_t num_ssbos) {
-    if (num_ssbos == 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-    glProgramLocalParametersI4uivNV(target, 0, static_cast<GLsizei>(num_ssbos),
-                                    reinterpret_cast<const GLuint*>(ssbos));
-}
-
 ImageViewType ImageViewTypeFromEntry(const SamplerEntry& entry) {
     if (entry.is_buffer) {
         return ImageViewType::Buffer;
@@ -196,49 +167,35 @@ ImageViewType ImageViewTypeFromEntry(const ImageEntry& entry) {
 
 RasterizerOpenGL::RasterizerOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
                                    Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_, const Device& device_,
+                                   const Vulkan::Device* vulkan_device,
+                                   Vulkan::MemoryAllocator* vulkan_memory_allocator,
                                    ScreenInfo& screen_info_, ProgramManager& program_manager_,
                                    StateTracker& state_tracker_)
     : RasterizerAccelerated(cpu_memory_), gpu(gpu_), maxwell3d(gpu.Maxwell3D()),
       kepler_compute(gpu.KeplerCompute()), gpu_memory(gpu.MemoryManager()), device(device_),
       screen_info(screen_info_), program_manager(program_manager_), state_tracker(state_tracker_),
-      stream_buffer(device, state_tracker),
       texture_cache_runtime(device, program_manager, state_tracker),
       texture_cache(texture_cache_runtime, *this, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory),
+      buffer_cache_runtime(device, vulkan_device, vulkan_memory_allocator),
+      buffer_cache(*this, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, cpu_memory_, buffer_cache_runtime),
       shader_cache(*this, emu_window_, gpu, maxwell3d, kepler_compute, gpu_memory, device),
       query_cache(*this, maxwell3d, gpu_memory),
-      buffer_cache(*this, gpu_memory, cpu_memory_, device, stream_buffer, state_tracker),
       fence_manager(*this, gpu, texture_cache, buffer_cache, query_cache),
       async_shaders(emu_window_) {
-    unified_uniform_buffer.Create();
-    glNamedBufferStorage(unified_uniform_buffer.handle, TOTAL_CONST_BUFFER_BYTES, nullptr, 0);
-
-    if (device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
-        glCreateBuffers(static_cast<GLsizei>(staging_cbufs.size()), staging_cbufs.data());
-        for (const GLuint cbuf : staging_cbufs) {
-            glNamedBufferStorage(cbuf, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize),
-                                 nullptr, 0);
-        }
-    }
     if (device.UseAsynchronousShaders()) {
         async_shaders.AllocateWorkers();
     }
 }
 
-RasterizerOpenGL::~RasterizerOpenGL() {
-    if (device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
-        glDeleteBuffers(static_cast<GLsizei>(staging_cbufs.size()), staging_cbufs.data());
-    }
-}
+RasterizerOpenGL::~RasterizerOpenGL() = default;
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexFormat() {
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncVertexFormats() {
     auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::VertexFormats]) {
         return;
     }
     flags[Dirty::VertexFormats] = false;
 
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_VAO);
-
     // Use the vertex array as-is, assumes that the data is formatted correctly for OpenGL. Enables
     // the first 16 vertex attributes always, as we don't know which ones are actually used until
     // shader time. Note, Tegra technically supports 32, but we're capping this to 16 for now to
@@ -274,55 +231,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexFormat() {
     }
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexBuffer() {
-    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
-    if (!flags[Dirty::VertexBuffers]) {
-        return;
-    }
-    flags[Dirty::VertexBuffers] = false;
-
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_VB);
-
-    const bool use_unified_memory = device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory();
-
-    // Upload all guest vertex arrays sequentially to our buffer
-    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < NUM_SUPPORTED_VERTEX_BINDINGS; ++index) {
-        if (!flags[Dirty::VertexBuffer0 + index]) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        flags[Dirty::VertexBuffer0 + index] = false;
-
-        const auto& vertex_array = regs.vertex_array[index];
-        if (!vertex_array.IsEnabled()) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        const GPUVAddr start = vertex_array.StartAddress();
-        const GPUVAddr end = regs.vertex_array_limit[index].LimitAddress();
-        ASSERT(end >= start);
-
-        const GLuint gl_index = static_cast<GLuint>(index);
-        const u64 size = end - start;
-        if (size == 0) {
-            glBindVertexBuffer(gl_index, 0, 0, vertex_array.stride);
-            if (use_unified_memory) {
-                glBufferAddressRangeNV(GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ADDRESS_NV, gl_index, 0, 0);
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-        const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(start, size);
-        if (use_unified_memory) {
-            glBindVertexBuffer(gl_index, 0, 0, vertex_array.stride);
-            glBufferAddressRangeNV(GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_ADDRESS_NV, gl_index,
-                                   info.address + info.offset, size);
-        } else {
-            glBindVertexBuffer(gl_index, info.handle, info.offset, vertex_array.stride);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexInstances() {
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncVertexInstances() {
     auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     if (!flags[Dirty::VertexInstances]) {
         return;
@@ -343,17 +252,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexInstances() {
     }
 }
 
-GLintptr RasterizerOpenGL::SetupIndexBuffer() {
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Index);
-    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-    const std::size_t size = CalculateIndexBufferSize();
-    const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(regs.index_array.IndexStart(), size);
-    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, info.handle);
-    return info.offset;
-}
-
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders() {
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Shader);
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders(bool is_indexed) {
     u32 clip_distances = 0;
 
     std::array<Shader*, Maxwell::MaxShaderStage> shaders{};
@@ -410,11 +309,19 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders() {
         const size_t stage = index == 0 ? 0 : index - 1;
         shaders[stage] = shader;
 
-        SetupDrawConstBuffers(stage, shader);
-        SetupDrawGlobalMemory(stage, shader);
         SetupDrawTextures(shader, stage);
         SetupDrawImages(shader, stage);
 
+        buffer_cache.SetEnabledUniformBuffers(stage, shader->GetEntries().enabled_uniform_buffers);
+
+        buffer_cache.UnbindGraphicsStorageBuffers(stage);
+        u32 ssbo_index = 0;
+        for (const auto& buffer : shader->GetEntries().global_memory_entries) {
+            buffer_cache.BindGraphicsStorageBuffer(stage, ssbo_index, buffer.cbuf_index,
+                                                   buffer.cbuf_offset, buffer.is_written);
+            ++ssbo_index;
+        }
+
         // Workaround for Intel drivers.
         // When a clip distance is enabled but not set in the shader it crops parts of the screen
         // (sometimes it's half the screen, sometimes three quarters). To avoid this, enable the
@@ -430,43 +337,26 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupShaders() {
     SyncClipEnabled(clip_distances);
     maxwell3d.dirty.flags[Dirty::Shaders] = false;
 
+    buffer_cache.UpdateGraphicsBuffers(is_indexed);
+
     const std::span indices_span(image_view_indices.data(), image_view_indices.size());
     texture_cache.FillGraphicsImageViews(indices_span, image_view_ids);
 
+    buffer_cache.BindHostGeometryBuffers(is_indexed);
+
     size_t image_view_index = 0;
     size_t texture_index = 0;
     size_t image_index = 0;
     for (size_t stage = 0; stage < Maxwell::MaxShaderStage; ++stage) {
         const Shader* const shader = shaders[stage];
-        if (shader) {
-            const auto base = device.GetBaseBindings(stage);
-            BindTextures(shader->GetEntries(), base.sampler, base.image, image_view_index,
-                         texture_index, image_index);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-std::size_t RasterizerOpenGL::CalculateVertexArraysSize() const {
-    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-
-    std::size_t size = 0;
-    for (u32 index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumVertexArrays; ++index) {
-        if (!regs.vertex_array[index].IsEnabled())
+        if (!shader) {
             continue;
-
-        const GPUVAddr start = regs.vertex_array[index].StartAddress();
-        const GPUVAddr end = regs.vertex_array_limit[index].LimitAddress();
-
-        size += end - start;
-        ASSERT(end >= start);
+        }
+        buffer_cache.BindHostStageBuffers(stage);
+        const auto& base = device.GetBaseBindings(stage);
+        BindTextures(shader->GetEntries(), base.sampler, base.image, image_view_index,
+                     texture_index, image_index);
     }
-
-    return size;
-}
-
-std::size_t RasterizerOpenGL::CalculateIndexBufferSize() const {
-    return static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count) *
-           static_cast<std::size_t>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.FormatSizeInBytes());
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& stop_loading,
@@ -475,6 +365,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::LoadDiskResources(u64 title_id, const std::atomic_bool& s
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::Clear() {
+    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Clears);
     if (!maxwell3d.ShouldExecute()) {
         return;
     }
@@ -525,11 +416,9 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Clear() {
     }
     UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.clear_flags.viewport);
 
-    {
-        auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
-        texture_cache.UpdateRenderTargets(true);
-        state_tracker.BindFramebuffer(texture_cache.GetFramebuffer()->Handle());
-    }
+    std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
+    texture_cache.UpdateRenderTargets(true);
+    state_tracker.BindFramebuffer(texture_cache.GetFramebuffer()->Handle());
 
     if (use_color) {
         glClearBufferfv(GL_COLOR, regs.clear_buffers.RT, regs.clear_color);
@@ -541,7 +430,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Clear() {
     } else if (use_stencil) {
         glClearBufferiv(GL_STENCIL, 0, &regs.clear_stencil);
     }
-
     ++num_queued_commands;
 }
 
@@ -550,75 +438,12 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 
     query_cache.UpdateCounters();
 
-    SyncViewport();
-    SyncRasterizeEnable();
-    SyncPolygonModes();
-    SyncColorMask();
-    SyncFragmentColorClampState();
-    SyncMultiSampleState();
-    SyncDepthTestState();
-    SyncDepthClamp();
-    SyncStencilTestState();
-    SyncBlendState();
-    SyncLogicOpState();
-    SyncCullMode();
-    SyncPrimitiveRestart();
-    SyncScissorTest();
-    SyncPointState();
-    SyncLineState();
-    SyncPolygonOffset();
-    SyncAlphaTest();
-    SyncFramebufferSRGB();
-
-    buffer_cache.Acquire();
-    current_cbuf = 0;
-
-    std::size_t buffer_size = CalculateVertexArraysSize();
-
-    // Add space for index buffer
-    if (is_indexed) {
-        buffer_size = Common::AlignUp(buffer_size, 4) + CalculateIndexBufferSize();
-    }
-
-    // Uniform space for the 5 shader stages
-    buffer_size =
-        Common::AlignUp<std::size_t>(buffer_size, 4) +
-        (sizeof(MaxwellUniformData) + device.GetUniformBufferAlignment()) * Maxwell::MaxShaderStage;
-
-    // Add space for at least 18 constant buffers
-    buffer_size += Maxwell::MaxConstBuffers *
-                   (Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize + device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
-
-    // Prepare the vertex array.
-    buffer_cache.Map(buffer_size);
-
-    // Prepare vertex array format.
-    SetupVertexFormat();
-
-    // Upload vertex and index data.
-    SetupVertexBuffer();
-    SetupVertexInstances();
-    GLintptr index_buffer_offset = 0;
-    if (is_indexed) {
-        index_buffer_offset = SetupIndexBuffer();
-    }
-
-    // Setup emulation uniform buffer.
-    if (!device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
-        MaxwellUniformData ubo;
-        ubo.SetFromRegs(maxwell3d);
-        const auto info =
-            buffer_cache.UploadHostMemory(&ubo, sizeof(ubo), device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, EmulationUniformBlockBinding, info.handle, info.offset,
-                          static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(sizeof(ubo)));
-    }
+    SyncState();
 
     // Setup shaders and their used resources.
-    auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
-    SetupShaders();
+    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex, texture_cache.mutex};
+    SetupShaders(is_indexed);
 
-    // Signal the buffer cache that we are not going to upload more things.
-    buffer_cache.Unmap();
     texture_cache.UpdateRenderTargets(false);
     state_tracker.BindFramebuffer(texture_cache.GetFramebuffer()->Handle());
     program_manager.BindGraphicsPipeline();
@@ -632,7 +457,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
     if (is_indexed) {
         const GLint base_vertex = static_cast<GLint>(maxwell3d.regs.vb_element_base);
         const GLsizei num_vertices = static_cast<GLsizei>(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.count);
-        const GLvoid* offset = reinterpret_cast<const GLvoid*>(index_buffer_offset);
+        const GLvoid* const offset = buffer_cache_runtime.IndexOffset();
         const GLenum format = MaxwellToGL::IndexFormat(maxwell3d.regs.index_array.format);
         if (num_instances == 1 && base_instance == 0 && base_vertex == 0) {
             glDrawElements(primitive_mode, num_vertices, format, offset);
@@ -672,22 +497,22 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Draw(bool is_indexed, bool is_instanced) {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) {
-    buffer_cache.Acquire();
-    current_cbuf = 0;
-
     Shader* const kernel = shader_cache.GetComputeKernel(code_addr);
 
-    auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
+    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex, texture_cache.mutex};
     BindComputeTextures(kernel);
 
-    const size_t buffer_size = Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute::NumConstBuffers *
-                               (Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize + device.GetUniformBufferAlignment());
-    buffer_cache.Map(buffer_size);
-
-    SetupComputeConstBuffers(kernel);
-    SetupComputeGlobalMemory(kernel);
-
-    buffer_cache.Unmap();
+    const auto& entries = kernel->GetEntries();
+    buffer_cache.SetEnabledComputeUniformBuffers(entries.enabled_uniform_buffers);
+    buffer_cache.UnbindComputeStorageBuffers();
+    u32 ssbo_index = 0;
+    for (const auto& buffer : entries.global_memory_entries) {
+        buffer_cache.BindComputeStorageBuffer(ssbo_index, buffer.cbuf_index, buffer.cbuf_offset,
+                                              buffer.is_written);
+        ++ssbo_index;
+    }
+    buffer_cache.UpdateComputeBuffers();
+    buffer_cache.BindHostComputeBuffers();
 
     const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
     glDispatchCompute(launch_desc.grid_dim_x, launch_desc.grid_dim_y, launch_desc.grid_dim_z);
@@ -703,6 +528,12 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::Query(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VideoCore::QueryType type,
     query_cache.Query(gpu_addr, type, timestamp);
 }
 
+void RasterizerOpenGL::BindGraphicsUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 index, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                                 u32 size) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+    buffer_cache.BindGraphicsUniformBuffer(stage, index, gpu_addr, size);
+}
+
 void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushAll() {}
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
@@ -711,19 +542,23 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
         return;
     }
     {
-        auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
+        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
         texture_cache.DownloadMemory(addr, size);
     }
-    buffer_cache.FlushRegion(addr, size);
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+        buffer_cache.DownloadMemory(addr, size);
+    }
     query_cache.FlushRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
 bool RasterizerOpenGL::MustFlushRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
+    std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex, texture_cache.mutex};
     if (!Settings::IsGPULevelHigh()) {
-        return buffer_cache.MustFlushRegion(addr, size);
+        return buffer_cache.IsRegionGpuModified(addr, size);
     }
     return texture_cache.IsRegionGpuModified(addr, size) ||
-           buffer_cache.MustFlushRegion(addr, size);
+           buffer_cache.IsRegionGpuModified(addr, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
@@ -732,11 +567,14 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
         return;
     }
     {
-        auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
+        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
         texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
     }
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+        buffer_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
+    }
     shader_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
-    buffer_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
     query_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
@@ -745,26 +583,35 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
     if (addr == 0 || size == 0) {
         return;
     }
+    shader_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
     {
-        auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
+        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
         texture_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
     }
-    shader_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
-    buffer_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+        buffer_cache.CachedWriteMemory(addr, size);
+    }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncGuestHost() {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
-    buffer_cache.SyncGuestHost();
     shader_cache.SyncGuestHost();
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+        buffer_cache.FlushCachedWrites();
+    }
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::UnmapMemory(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
     {
-        auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
+        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
         texture_cache.UnmapMemory(addr, size);
     }
-    buffer_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+        buffer_cache.WriteMemory(addr, size);
+    }
     shader_cache.OnCPUWrite(addr, size);
 }
 
@@ -799,14 +646,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushAndInvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) {
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::WaitForIdle() {
-    // Place a barrier on everything that is not framebuffer related.
-    // This is related to another flag that is not currently implemented.
-    glMemoryBarrier(GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_BARRIER_BIT | GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BARRIER_BIT |
-                    GL_UNIFORM_BARRIER_BIT | GL_TEXTURE_FETCH_BARRIER_BIT |
-                    GL_SHADER_IMAGE_ACCESS_BARRIER_BIT | GL_COMMAND_BARRIER_BIT |
-                    GL_PIXEL_BUFFER_BARRIER_BIT | GL_TEXTURE_UPDATE_BARRIER_BIT |
-                    GL_BUFFER_UPDATE_BARRIER_BIT | GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BARRIER_BIT |
-                    GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BARRIER_BIT | GL_QUERY_BUFFER_BARRIER_BIT);
+    glMemoryBarrier(GL_ALL_BARRIER_BITS);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::FragmentBarrier() {
@@ -831,18 +671,21 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::TickFrame() {
     num_queued_commands = 0;
 
     fence_manager.TickFrame();
-    buffer_cache.TickFrame();
     {
-        auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
+        std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
         texture_cache.TickFrame();
     }
+    {
+        std::scoped_lock lock{buffer_cache.mutex};
+        buffer_cache.TickFrame();
+    }
 }
 
 bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateSurfaceCopy(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& src,
                                              const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& dst,
                                              const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_Blits);
-    auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
+    std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
     texture_cache.BlitImage(dst, src, copy_config);
     return true;
 }
@@ -854,7 +697,7 @@ bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
     }
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
 
-    auto lock = texture_cache.AcquireLock();
+    std::scoped_lock lock{texture_cache.mutex};
     ImageView* const image_view{texture_cache.TryFindFramebufferImageView(framebuffer_addr)};
     if (!image_view) {
         return false;
@@ -921,166 +764,6 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::BindTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries, GLuint base_te
     }
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawConstBuffers(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader) {
-    static constexpr std::array PARAMETER_LUT{
-        GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV,          GL_TESS_CONTROL_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV,
-        GL_TESS_EVALUATION_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV, GL_GEOMETRY_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV,
-        GL_FRAGMENT_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV,
-    };
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_UBO);
-    const auto& stages = maxwell3d.state.shader_stages;
-    const auto& shader_stage = stages[stage_index];
-    const auto& entries = shader->GetEntries();
-    const bool use_unified = entries.use_unified_uniforms;
-    const std::size_t base_unified_offset = stage_index * NUM_CONST_BUFFERS_BYTES_PER_STAGE;
-
-    const auto base_bindings = device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index);
-    u32 binding = device.UseAssemblyShaders() ? 0 : base_bindings.uniform_buffer;
-    for (const auto& entry : entries.const_buffers) {
-        const u32 index = entry.GetIndex();
-        const auto& buffer = shader_stage.const_buffers[index];
-        SetupConstBuffer(PARAMETER_LUT[stage_index], binding, buffer, entry, use_unified,
-                         base_unified_offset + index * Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize);
-        ++binding;
-    }
-    if (use_unified) {
-        const u32 index = static_cast<u32>(base_bindings.shader_storage_buffer +
-                                           entries.global_memory_entries.size());
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, index, unified_uniform_buffer.handle,
-                          base_unified_offset, NUM_CONST_BUFFERS_BYTES_PER_STAGE);
-    }
-}
-
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeConstBuffers(Shader* kernel) {
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_UBO);
-    const auto& launch_desc = kepler_compute.launch_description;
-    const auto& entries = kernel->GetEntries();
-    const bool use_unified = entries.use_unified_uniforms;
-
-    u32 binding = 0;
-    for (const auto& entry : entries.const_buffers) {
-        const auto& config = launch_desc.const_buffer_config[entry.GetIndex()];
-        const std::bitset<8> mask = launch_desc.const_buffer_enable_mask.Value();
-        Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferInfo buffer;
-        buffer.address = config.Address();
-        buffer.size = config.size;
-        buffer.enabled = mask[entry.GetIndex()];
-        SetupConstBuffer(GL_COMPUTE_PROGRAM_PARAMETER_BUFFER_NV, binding, buffer, entry,
-                         use_unified, entry.GetIndex() * Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize);
-        ++binding;
-    }
-    if (use_unified) {
-        const GLuint index = static_cast<GLuint>(entries.global_memory_entries.size());
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, index, unified_uniform_buffer.handle, 0,
-                          NUM_CONST_BUFFERS_BYTES_PER_STAGE);
-    }
-}
-
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupConstBuffer(GLenum stage, u32 binding,
-                                        const Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferInfo& buffer,
-                                        const ConstBufferEntry& entry, bool use_unified,
-                                        std::size_t unified_offset) {
-    if (!buffer.enabled) {
-        // Set values to zero to unbind buffers
-        if (device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
-            glBindBufferRangeNV(stage, entry.GetIndex(), 0, 0, 0);
-        } else {
-            glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding, 0, 0, sizeof(float));
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Align the actual size so it ends up being a multiple of vec4 to meet the OpenGL std140
-    // UBO alignment requirements.
-    const std::size_t size = Common::AlignUp(GetConstBufferSize(buffer, entry), sizeof(GLvec4));
-
-    const bool fast_upload = !use_unified && device.HasFastBufferSubData();
-
-    const std::size_t alignment = use_unified ? 4 : device.GetUniformBufferAlignment();
-    const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = buffer.address;
-    auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, alignment, false, fast_upload);
-
-    if (device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
-        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(use_unified);
-        if (info.offset != 0) {
-            const GLuint staging_cbuf = staging_cbufs[current_cbuf++];
-            glCopyNamedBufferSubData(info.handle, staging_cbuf, info.offset, 0, size);
-            info.handle = staging_cbuf;
-            info.offset = 0;
-        }
-        glBindBufferRangeNV(stage, binding, info.handle, info.offset, size);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (use_unified) {
-        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(info.handle, unified_uniform_buffer.handle, info.offset,
-                                 unified_offset, size);
-    } else {
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, binding, info.handle, info.offset, size);
-    }
-}
-
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawGlobalMemory(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader) {
-    static constexpr std::array TARGET_LUT = {
-        GL_VERTEX_PROGRAM_NV,   GL_TESS_CONTROL_PROGRAM_NV, GL_TESS_EVALUATION_PROGRAM_NV,
-        GL_GEOMETRY_PROGRAM_NV, GL_FRAGMENT_PROGRAM_NV,
-    };
-    const auto& cbufs{maxwell3d.state.shader_stages[stage_index]};
-    const auto& entries{shader->GetEntries().global_memory_entries};
-
-    std::array<BindlessSSBO, 32> ssbos;
-    ASSERT(entries.size() < ssbos.size());
-
-    const bool assembly_shaders = device.UseAssemblyShaders();
-    u32 binding = assembly_shaders ? 0 : device.GetBaseBindings(stage_index).shader_storage_buffer;
-    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
-        const GPUVAddr addr{cbufs.const_buffers[entry.cbuf_index].address + entry.cbuf_offset};
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{gpu_memory.Read<u64>(addr)};
-        const u32 size{gpu_memory.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
-        SetupGlobalMemory(binding, entry, gpu_addr, size, &ssbos[binding]);
-        ++binding;
-    }
-    if (assembly_shaders) {
-        UpdateBindlessSSBOs(TARGET_LUT[stage_index], ssbos.data(), entries.size());
-    }
-}
-
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeGlobalMemory(Shader* kernel) {
-    const auto& cbufs{kepler_compute.launch_description.const_buffer_config};
-    const auto& entries{kernel->GetEntries().global_memory_entries};
-
-    std::array<BindlessSSBO, 32> ssbos;
-    ASSERT(entries.size() < ssbos.size());
-
-    u32 binding = 0;
-    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
-        const GPUVAddr addr{cbufs[entry.cbuf_index].Address() + entry.cbuf_offset};
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr{gpu_memory.Read<u64>(addr)};
-        const u32 size{gpu_memory.Read<u32>(addr + 8)};
-        SetupGlobalMemory(binding, entry, gpu_addr, size, &ssbos[binding]);
-        ++binding;
-    }
-    if (device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
-        UpdateBindlessSSBOs(GL_COMPUTE_PROGRAM_NV, ssbos.data(), ssbos.size());
-    }
-}
-
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupGlobalMemory(u32 binding, const GlobalMemoryEntry& entry,
-                                         GPUVAddr gpu_addr, size_t size, BindlessSSBO* ssbo) {
-    const size_t alignment{device.GetShaderStorageBufferAlignment()};
-    const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, alignment, entry.is_written);
-    if (device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
-        *ssbo = BindlessSSBO{
-            .address = static_cast<GLuint64EXT>(info.address + info.offset),
-            .length = static_cast<GLsizei>(size),
-            .padding = 0,
-        };
-    } else {
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, binding, info.handle, info.offset,
-                          static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
-    }
-}
-
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupDrawTextures(const Shader* shader, size_t stage_index) {
     const bool via_header_index =
         maxwell3d.regs.sampler_index == Maxwell::SamplerIndex::ViaHeaderIndex;
@@ -1128,6 +811,30 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SetupComputeImages(const Shader* shader) {
     }
 }
 
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncState() {
+    SyncViewport();
+    SyncRasterizeEnable();
+    SyncPolygonModes();
+    SyncColorMask();
+    SyncFragmentColorClampState();
+    SyncMultiSampleState();
+    SyncDepthTestState();
+    SyncDepthClamp();
+    SyncStencilTestState();
+    SyncBlendState();
+    SyncLogicOpState();
+    SyncCullMode();
+    SyncPrimitiveRestart();
+    SyncScissorTest();
+    SyncPointState();
+    SyncLineState();
+    SyncPolygonOffset();
+    SyncAlphaTest();
+    SyncFramebufferSRGB();
+    SyncVertexFormats();
+    SyncVertexInstances();
+}
+
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncViewport() {
     auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
     const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
@@ -1163,9 +870,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncViewport() {
         if (regs.screen_y_control.y_negate != 0) {
             flip_y = !flip_y;
         }
-        glClipControl(flip_y ? GL_UPPER_LEFT : GL_LOWER_LEFT,
-                      regs.depth_mode == Maxwell::DepthMode::ZeroToOne ? GL_ZERO_TO_ONE
-                                                                       : GL_NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE);
+        const bool is_zero_to_one = regs.depth_mode == Maxwell::DepthMode::ZeroToOne;
+        const GLenum origin = flip_y ? GL_UPPER_LEFT : GL_LOWER_LEFT;
+        const GLenum depth = is_zero_to_one ? GL_ZERO_TO_ONE : GL_NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE;
+        state_tracker.ClipControl(origin, depth);
+        state_tracker.SetYNegate(regs.screen_y_control.y_negate != 0);
     }
 
     if (dirty_viewport) {
@@ -1649,36 +1358,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::BeginTransformFeedback(GLenum primitive_mode) {
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }
-
     if (device.UseAssemblyShaders()) {
         SyncTransformFeedback();
     }
-
     UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(Maxwell::ShaderProgram::TesselationControl) ||
                      regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(Maxwell::ShaderProgram::TesselationEval) ||
                      regs.IsShaderConfigEnabled(Maxwell::ShaderProgram::Geometry));
-
-    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumTransformFeedbackBuffers; ++index) {
-        const auto& binding = regs.tfb_bindings[index];
-        if (!binding.buffer_enable) {
-            if (enabled_transform_feedback_buffers[index]) {
-                glBindBufferRange(GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, static_cast<GLuint>(index), 0, 0,
-                                  0);
-            }
-            enabled_transform_feedback_buffers[index] = false;
-            continue;
-        }
-        enabled_transform_feedback_buffers[index] = true;
-
-        auto& tfb_buffer = transform_feedback_buffers[index];
-        tfb_buffer.Create();
-
-        const GLuint handle = tfb_buffer.handle;
-        const std::size_t size = binding.buffer_size;
-        glNamedBufferData(handle, static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size), nullptr, GL_STREAM_COPY);
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, static_cast<GLuint>(index), handle, 0,
-                          static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
-    }
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(primitive_mode != GL_POINTS);
 
     // We may have to call BeginTransformFeedbackNV here since they seem to call different
     // implementations on Nvidia's driver (the pointer is different) but we are using
@@ -1692,23 +1378,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::EndTransformFeedback() {
     if (regs.tfb_enabled == 0) {
         return;
     }
-
     glEndTransformFeedback();
-
-    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < Maxwell::NumTransformFeedbackBuffers; ++index) {
-        const auto& binding = regs.tfb_bindings[index];
-        if (!binding.buffer_enable) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(binding.buffer_offset != 0);
-
-        const GLuint handle = transform_feedback_buffers[index].handle;
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = binding.Address();
-        const std::size_t size = binding.buffer_size;
-        const auto info = buffer_cache.UploadMemory(gpu_addr, size, 4, true);
-        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(handle, info.handle, 0, info.offset,
-                                 static_cast<GLsizeiptr>(size));
-    }
 }
 
 } // namespace OpenGL
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
index 82e03e677..31d69a94c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.h"
 #include "video_core/shader/async_shaders.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
@@ -47,6 +46,11 @@ namespace Tegra {
 class MemoryManager;
 }
 
+namespace Vulkan {
+class Device;
+class MemoryAllocator;
+} // namespace Vulkan
+
 namespace OpenGL {
 
 struct ScreenInfo;
@@ -63,6 +67,8 @@ class RasterizerOpenGL : public VideoCore::RasterizerAccelerated {
 public:
     explicit RasterizerOpenGL(Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
                               Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_, const Device& device_,
+                              const Vulkan::Device* vulkan_device,
+                              Vulkan::MemoryAllocator* vulkan_memory_allocator,
                               ScreenInfo& screen_info_, ProgramManager& program_manager_,
                               StateTracker& state_tracker_);
     ~RasterizerOpenGL() override;
@@ -72,6 +78,7 @@ public:
     void DispatchCompute(GPUVAddr code_addr) override;
     void ResetCounter(VideoCore::QueryType type) override;
     void Query(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VideoCore::QueryType type, std::optional<u64> timestamp) override;
+    void BindGraphicsUniformBuffer(size_t stage, u32 index, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, u32 size) override;
     void FlushAll() override;
     void FlushRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
     bool MustFlushRegion(VAddr addr, u64 size) override;
@@ -119,27 +126,6 @@ private:
     void BindTextures(const ShaderEntries& entries, GLuint base_texture, GLuint base_image,
                       size_t& image_view_index, size_t& texture_index, size_t& image_index);
 
-    /// Configures the current constbuffers to use for the draw command.
-    void SetupDrawConstBuffers(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader);
-
-    /// Configures the current constbuffers to use for the kernel invocation.
-    void SetupComputeConstBuffers(Shader* kernel);
-
-    /// Configures a constant buffer.
-    void SetupConstBuffer(GLenum stage, u32 binding, const Tegra::Engines::ConstBufferInfo& buffer,
-                          const ConstBufferEntry& entry, bool use_unified,
-                          std::size_t unified_offset);
-
-    /// Configures the current global memory entries to use for the draw command.
-    void SetupDrawGlobalMemory(std::size_t stage_index, Shader* shader);
-
-    /// Configures the current global memory entries to use for the kernel invocation.
-    void SetupComputeGlobalMemory(Shader* kernel);
-
-    /// Configures a global memory buffer.
-    void SetupGlobalMemory(u32 binding, const GlobalMemoryEntry& entry, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
-                           size_t size, BindlessSSBO* ssbo);
-
     /// Configures the current textures to use for the draw command.
     void SetupDrawTextures(const Shader* shader, size_t stage_index);
 
@@ -152,6 +138,9 @@ private:
     /// Configures images in a compute shader.
     void SetupComputeImages(const Shader* shader);
 
+    /// Syncs state to match guest's
+    void SyncState();
+
     /// Syncs the viewport and depth range to match the guest state
     void SyncViewport();
 
@@ -215,6 +204,12 @@ private:
     /// Syncs the framebuffer sRGB state to match the guest state
     void SyncFramebufferSRGB();
 
+    /// Syncs vertex formats to match the guest state
+    void SyncVertexFormats();
+
+    /// Syncs vertex instances to match the guest state
+    void SyncVertexInstances();
+
     /// Syncs transform feedback state to match guest state
     /// @note Only valid on assembly shaders
     void SyncTransformFeedback();
@@ -225,19 +220,7 @@ private:
     /// End a transform feedback
     void EndTransformFeedback();
 
-    std::size_t CalculateVertexArraysSize() const;
-
-    std::size_t CalculateIndexBufferSize() const;
-
-    /// Updates the current vertex format
-    void SetupVertexFormat();
-
-    void SetupVertexBuffer();
-    void SetupVertexInstances();
-
-    GLintptr SetupIndexBuffer();
-
-    void SetupShaders();
+    void SetupShaders(bool is_indexed);
 
     Tegra::GPU& gpu;
     Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
@@ -249,12 +232,12 @@ private:
     ProgramManager& program_manager;
     StateTracker& state_tracker;
 
-    OGLStreamBuffer stream_buffer;
     TextureCacheRuntime texture_cache_runtime;
     TextureCache texture_cache;
+    BufferCacheRuntime buffer_cache_runtime;
+    BufferCache buffer_cache;
     ShaderCacheOpenGL shader_cache;
     QueryCache query_cache;
-    OGLBufferCache buffer_cache;
     FenceManagerOpenGL fence_manager;
 
     VideoCommon::Shader::AsyncShaders async_shaders;
@@ -262,20 +245,8 @@ private:
     boost::container::static_vector<u32, MAX_IMAGE_VIEWS> image_view_indices;
     std::array<ImageViewId, MAX_IMAGE_VIEWS> image_view_ids;
     boost::container::static_vector<GLuint, MAX_TEXTURES> sampler_handles;
-    std::array<GLuint, MAX_TEXTURES> texture_handles;
-    std::array<GLuint, MAX_IMAGES> image_handles;
-
-    std::array<OGLBuffer, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumTransformFeedbackBuffers>
-        transform_feedback_buffers;
-    std::bitset<Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumTransformFeedbackBuffers>
-        enabled_transform_feedback_buffers;
-
-    static constexpr std::size_t NUM_CONSTANT_BUFFERS =
-        Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::MaxConstBuffers *
-        Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::MaxShaderProgram;
-    std::array<GLuint, NUM_CONSTANT_BUFFERS> staging_cbufs{};
-    std::size_t current_cbuf = 0;
-    OGLBuffer unified_uniform_buffer;
+    std::array<GLuint, MAX_TEXTURES> texture_handles{};
+    std::array<GLuint, MAX_IMAGES> image_handles{};
 
     /// Number of commands queued to the OpenGL driver. Resetted on flush.
     std::size_t num_queued_commands = 0;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp
index 0e34a0f20..3428e5e21 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.cpp
@@ -171,12 +171,6 @@ void OGLBuffer::Release() {
     handle = 0;
 }
 
-void OGLBuffer::MakeStreamCopy(std::size_t buffer_size) {
-    ASSERT_OR_EXECUTE((handle != 0 && buffer_size != 0), { return; });
-
-    glNamedBufferData(handle, buffer_size, nullptr, GL_STREAM_COPY);
-}
-
 void OGLSync::Create() {
     if (handle != 0)
         return;
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h
index f48398669..552d79db4 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h
@@ -234,9 +234,6 @@ public:
     /// Deletes the internal OpenGL resource
     void Release();
 
-    // Converts the buffer into a stream copy buffer with a fixed size
-    void MakeStreamCopy(std::size_t buffer_size);
-
     GLuint handle = 0;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp
index c35b71b6b..ac78d344c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ using TextureIR = std::variant<TextureOffset, TextureDerivates, TextureArgument>
 constexpr u32 MAX_CONSTBUFFER_SCALARS = static_cast<u32>(Maxwell::MaxConstBufferSize) / sizeof(u32);
 constexpr u32 MAX_CONSTBUFFER_ELEMENTS = MAX_CONSTBUFFER_SCALARS / sizeof(u32);
 
-constexpr std::string_view CommonDeclarations = R"(#define ftoi floatBitsToInt
+constexpr std::string_view COMMON_DECLARATIONS = R"(#define ftoi floatBitsToInt
 #define ftou floatBitsToUint
 #define itof intBitsToFloat
 #define utof uintBitsToFloat
@@ -77,10 +77,6 @@ bvec2 HalfFloatNanComparison(bvec2 comparison, vec2 pair1, vec2 pair2) {{
 
 const float fswzadd_modifiers_a[] = float[4](-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f );
 const float fswzadd_modifiers_b[] = float[4](-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f );
-
-layout (std140, binding = {}) uniform vs_config {{
-    float y_direction;
-}};
 )";
 
 class ShaderWriter final {
@@ -402,13 +398,6 @@ std::string FlowStackTopName(MetaStackClass stack) {
     return fmt::format("{}_flow_stack_top", GetFlowStackPrefix(stack));
 }
 
-bool UseUnifiedUniforms(const Device& device, const ShaderIR& ir, ShaderType stage) {
-    const u32 num_ubos = static_cast<u32>(ir.GetConstantBuffers().size());
-    // We waste one UBO for emulation
-    const u32 num_available_ubos = device.GetMaxUniformBuffers(stage) - 1;
-    return num_ubos > num_available_ubos;
-}
-
 struct GenericVaryingDescription {
     std::string name;
     u8 first_element = 0;
@@ -420,9 +409,8 @@ public:
     explicit GLSLDecompiler(const Device& device_, const ShaderIR& ir_, const Registry& registry_,
                             ShaderType stage_, std::string_view identifier_,
                             std::string_view suffix_)
-        : device{device_}, ir{ir_}, registry{registry_}, stage{stage_}, identifier{identifier_},
-          suffix{suffix_}, header{ir.GetHeader()}, use_unified_uniforms{
-                                                       UseUnifiedUniforms(device_, ir_, stage_)} {
+        : device{device_}, ir{ir_}, registry{registry_}, stage{stage_},
+          identifier{identifier_}, suffix{suffix_}, header{ir.GetHeader()} {
         if (stage != ShaderType::Compute) {
             transform_feedback = BuildTransformFeedback(registry.GetGraphicsInfo());
         }
@@ -516,7 +504,8 @@ private:
         if (!identifier.empty()) {
             code.AddLine("// {}", identifier);
         }
-        code.AddLine("#version 440 {}", ir.UsesLegacyVaryings() ? "compatibility" : "core");
+        const bool use_compatibility = ir.UsesLegacyVaryings() || ir.UsesYNegate();
+        code.AddLine("#version 440 {}", use_compatibility ? "compatibility" : "core");
         code.AddLine("#extension GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects : enable");
         if (device.HasShaderBallot()) {
             code.AddLine("#extension GL_ARB_shader_ballot : require");
@@ -542,7 +531,7 @@ private:
 
         code.AddNewLine();
 
-        code.AddLine(CommonDeclarations, EmulationUniformBlockBinding);
+        code.AddLine(COMMON_DECLARATIONS);
     }
 
     void DeclareVertex() {
@@ -865,17 +854,6 @@ private:
     }
 
     void DeclareConstantBuffers() {
-        if (use_unified_uniforms) {
-            const u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).shader_storage_buffer +
-                                static_cast<u32>(ir.GetGlobalMemory().size());
-            code.AddLine("layout (std430, binding = {}) readonly buffer UnifiedUniforms {{",
-                         binding);
-            code.AddLine("    uint cbufs[];");
-            code.AddLine("}};");
-            code.AddNewLine();
-            return;
-        }
-
         u32 binding = device.GetBaseBindings(stage).uniform_buffer;
         for (const auto& [index, info] : ir.GetConstantBuffers()) {
             const u32 num_elements = Common::DivCeil(info.GetSize(), 4 * sizeof(u32));
@@ -1081,29 +1059,17 @@ private:
 
         if (const auto cbuf = std::get_if<CbufNode>(&*node)) {
             const Node offset = cbuf->GetOffset();
-            const u32 base_unified_offset = cbuf->GetIndex() * MAX_CONSTBUFFER_SCALARS;
 
             if (const auto immediate = std::get_if<ImmediateNode>(&*offset)) {
                 // Direct access
                 const u32 offset_imm = immediate->GetValue();
                 ASSERT_MSG(offset_imm % 4 == 0, "Unaligned cbuf direct access");
-                if (use_unified_uniforms) {
-                    return {fmt::format("cbufs[{}]", base_unified_offset + offset_imm / 4),
-                            Type::Uint};
-                } else {
-                    return {fmt::format("{}[{}][{}]", GetConstBuffer(cbuf->GetIndex()),
-                                        offset_imm / (4 * 4), (offset_imm / 4) % 4),
-                            Type::Uint};
-                }
-            }
-
-            // Indirect access
-            if (use_unified_uniforms) {
-                return {fmt::format("cbufs[{} + ({} >> 2)]", base_unified_offset,
-                                    Visit(offset).AsUint()),
+                return {fmt::format("{}[{}][{}]", GetConstBuffer(cbuf->GetIndex()),
+                                    offset_imm / (4 * 4), (offset_imm / 4) % 4),
                         Type::Uint};
             }
 
+            // Indirect access
             const std::string final_offset = code.GenerateTemporary();
             code.AddLine("uint {} = {} >> 2;", final_offset, Visit(offset).AsUint());
 
@@ -2293,7 +2259,6 @@ private:
                 }
             }
         }
-
         if (header.ps.omap.depth) {
             // The depth output is always 2 registers after the last color output, and current_reg
             // already contains one past the last color register.
@@ -2337,7 +2302,8 @@ private:
     }
 
     Expression YNegate(Operation operation) {
-        return {"y_direction", Type::Float};
+        // Y_NEGATE is mapped to this uniform value
+        return {"gl_FrontMaterial.ambient.a", Type::Float};
     }
 
     template <u32 element>
@@ -2787,7 +2753,6 @@ private:
     const std::string_view identifier;
     const std::string_view suffix;
     const Header header;
-    const bool use_unified_uniforms;
     std::unordered_map<u8, VaryingTFB> transform_feedback;
 
     ShaderWriter code;
@@ -3003,8 +2968,10 @@ ShaderEntries MakeEntries(const Device& device, const ShaderIR& ir, ShaderType s
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < std::size(clip_distances); ++i) {
         entries.clip_distances = (clip_distances[i] ? 1U : 0U) << i;
     }
+    for (const auto& buffer : entries.const_buffers) {
+        entries.enabled_uniform_buffers |= 1U << buffer.GetIndex();
+    }
     entries.shader_length = ir.GetLength();
-    entries.use_unified_uniforms = UseUnifiedUniforms(device, ir, stage);
     return entries;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.h
index be68994bb..0397a000c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_decompiler.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ struct ShaderEntries {
     std::vector<ImageEntry> images;
     std::size_t shader_length{};
     u32 clip_distances{};
-    bool use_unified_uniforms{};
+    u32 enabled_uniform_buffers{};
 };
 
 ShaderEntries MakeEntries(const Device& device, const VideoCommon::Shader::ShaderIR& ir,
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.cpp
index 60e6fa39f..dbdf5230f 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.cpp
@@ -36,16 +36,10 @@ void SetupDirtyColorMasks(Tables& tables) {
     FillBlock(tables[1], OFF(color_mask), NUM(color_mask), ColorMasks);
 }
 
-void SetupDirtyVertexArrays(Tables& tables) {
-    static constexpr std::size_t num_array = 3;
+void SetupDirtyVertexInstances(Tables& tables) {
     static constexpr std::size_t instance_base_offset = 3;
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < Regs::NumVertexArrays; ++i) {
         const std::size_t array_offset = OFF(vertex_array) + i * NUM(vertex_array[0]);
-        const std::size_t limit_offset = OFF(vertex_array_limit) + i * NUM(vertex_array_limit[0]);
-
-        FillBlock(tables, array_offset, num_array, VertexBuffer0 + i, VertexBuffers);
-        FillBlock(tables, limit_offset, NUM(vertex_array_limit), VertexBuffer0 + i, VertexBuffers);
-
         const std::size_t instance_array_offset = array_offset + instance_base_offset;
         tables[0][instance_array_offset] = static_cast<u8>(VertexInstance0 + i);
         tables[1][instance_array_offset] = VertexInstances;
@@ -217,11 +211,11 @@ void SetupDirtyMisc(Tables& tables) {
 StateTracker::StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu) : flags{gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty.flags} {
     auto& dirty = gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty;
     auto& tables = dirty.tables;
-    SetupDirtyRenderTargets(tables);
+    SetupDirtyFlags(tables);
     SetupDirtyColorMasks(tables);
     SetupDirtyViewports(tables);
     SetupDirtyScissors(tables);
-    SetupDirtyVertexArrays(tables);
+    SetupDirtyVertexInstances(tables);
     SetupDirtyVertexFormat(tables);
     SetupDirtyShaders(tables);
     SetupDirtyPolygonModes(tables);
@@ -241,19 +235,6 @@ StateTracker::StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu) : flags{gpu.Maxwell3D().dirty.flags}
     SetupDirtyClipControl(tables);
     SetupDirtyDepthClampEnabled(tables);
     SetupDirtyMisc(tables);
-
-    auto& store = dirty.on_write_stores;
-    store[VertexBuffers] = true;
-    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < Regs::NumVertexArrays; ++i) {
-        store[VertexBuffer0 + i] = true;
-    }
-}
-
-void StateTracker::InvalidateStreamBuffer() {
-    flags[Dirty::VertexBuffers] = true;
-    for (int index = Dirty::VertexBuffer0; index <= Dirty::VertexBuffer31; ++index) {
-        flags[index] = true;
-    }
 }
 
 } // namespace OpenGL
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.h
index 574615d3c..94c905116 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.h
@@ -28,10 +28,6 @@ enum : u8 {
     VertexFormat0,
     VertexFormat31 = VertexFormat0 + 31,
 
-    VertexBuffers,
-    VertexBuffer0,
-    VertexBuffer31 = VertexBuffer0 + 31,
-
     VertexInstances,
     VertexInstance0,
     VertexInstance31 = VertexInstance0 + 31,
@@ -92,8 +88,6 @@ class StateTracker {
 public:
     explicit StateTracker(Tegra::GPU& gpu);
 
-    void InvalidateStreamBuffer();
-
     void BindIndexBuffer(GLuint new_index_buffer) {
         if (index_buffer == new_index_buffer) {
             return;
@@ -110,13 +104,32 @@ public:
         glBindFramebuffer(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer);
     }
 
+    void ClipControl(GLenum new_origin, GLenum new_depth) {
+        if (new_origin == origin && new_depth == depth) {
+            return;
+        }
+        origin = new_origin;
+        depth = new_depth;
+        glClipControl(origin, depth);
+    }
+
+    void SetYNegate(bool new_y_negate) {
+        if (new_y_negate == y_negate) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // Y_NEGATE is mapped to gl_FrontMaterial.ambient.a
+        y_negate = new_y_negate;
+        const std::array ambient{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, y_negate ? -1.0f : 1.0f};
+        glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, ambient.data());
+    }
+
     void NotifyScreenDrawVertexArray() {
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexFormats] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexFormat0 + 0] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexFormat0 + 1] = true;
 
-        flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexBuffers] = true;
-        flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexBuffer0] = true;
+        flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::VertexBuffers] = true;
+        flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::VertexBuffer0] = true;
 
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexInstances] = true;
         flags[OpenGL::Dirty::VertexInstance0 + 0] = true;
@@ -202,6 +215,9 @@ private:
 
     GLuint framebuffer = 0;
     GLuint index_buffer = 0;
+    GLenum origin = GL_LOWER_LEFT;
+    GLenum depth = GL_NEGATIVE_ONE_TO_ONE;
+    bool y_negate = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace OpenGL
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.cpp
index e0819cdf2..bfb992a79 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.cpp
@@ -1,70 +1,64 @@
-// Copyright 2018 Citra Emulator Project
+// Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <tuple>
-#include <vector>
+#include <array>
+#include <memory>
+#include <span>
+
+#include <glad/glad.h>
 
 #include "common/alignment.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/microprofile.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_device.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state_tracker.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.h"
 
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_StreamBuffer, "OpenGL", "Stream Buffer Orphaning",
-                    MP_RGB(128, 128, 192));
-
 namespace OpenGL {
 
-OGLStreamBuffer::OGLStreamBuffer(const Device& device, StateTracker& state_tracker_)
-    : state_tracker{state_tracker_} {
-    gl_buffer.Create();
-
-    static constexpr GLbitfield flags = GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT;
-    glNamedBufferStorage(gl_buffer.handle, BUFFER_SIZE, nullptr, flags);
-    mapped_ptr = static_cast<u8*>(
-        glMapNamedBufferRange(gl_buffer.handle, 0, BUFFER_SIZE, flags | GL_MAP_FLUSH_EXPLICIT_BIT));
-
-    if (device.UseAssemblyShaders() || device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory()) {
-        glMakeNamedBufferResidentNV(gl_buffer.handle, GL_READ_ONLY);
-        glGetNamedBufferParameterui64vNV(gl_buffer.handle, GL_BUFFER_GPU_ADDRESS_NV, &gpu_address);
+StreamBuffer::StreamBuffer() {
+    static constexpr GLenum flags = GL_MAP_WRITE_BIT | GL_MAP_PERSISTENT_BIT | GL_MAP_COHERENT_BIT;
+    buffer.Create();
+    glObjectLabel(GL_BUFFER, buffer.handle, -1, "Stream Buffer");
+    glNamedBufferStorage(buffer.handle, STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE, nullptr, flags);
+    mapped_pointer =
+        static_cast<u8*>(glMapNamedBufferRange(buffer.handle, 0, STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE, flags));
+    for (OGLSync& sync : fences) {
+        sync.Create();
     }
 }
 
-OGLStreamBuffer::~OGLStreamBuffer() {
-    glUnmapNamedBuffer(gl_buffer.handle);
-    gl_buffer.Release();
-}
-
-std::pair<u8*, GLintptr> OGLStreamBuffer::Map(GLsizeiptr size, GLintptr alignment) {
-    ASSERT(size <= BUFFER_SIZE);
-    ASSERT(alignment <= BUFFER_SIZE);
-    mapped_size = size;
-
-    if (alignment > 0) {
-        buffer_pos = Common::AlignUp<std::size_t>(buffer_pos, alignment);
+std::pair<std::span<u8>, size_t> StreamBuffer::Request(size_t size) noexcept {
+    ASSERT(size < REGION_SIZE);
+    for (size_t region = Region(used_iterator), region_end = Region(iterator); region < region_end;
+         ++region) {
+        fences[region].Create();
     }
+    used_iterator = iterator;
 
-    if (buffer_pos + size > BUFFER_SIZE) {
-        MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_StreamBuffer);
-        glInvalidateBufferData(gl_buffer.handle);
-        state_tracker.InvalidateStreamBuffer();
-
-        buffer_pos = 0;
+    for (size_t region = Region(free_iterator) + 1,
+                region_end = std::min(Region(iterator + size) + 1, NUM_SYNCS);
+         region < region_end; ++region) {
+        glClientWaitSync(fences[region].handle, 0, GL_TIMEOUT_IGNORED);
+        fences[region].Release();
     }
-
-    return std::make_pair(mapped_ptr + buffer_pos, buffer_pos);
-}
-
-void OGLStreamBuffer::Unmap(GLsizeiptr size) {
-    ASSERT(size <= mapped_size);
-
-    if (size > 0) {
-        glFlushMappedNamedBufferRange(gl_buffer.handle, buffer_pos, size);
+    if (iterator + size > free_iterator) {
+        free_iterator = iterator + size;
     }
-
-    buffer_pos += size;
+    if (iterator + size > STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        for (size_t region = Region(used_iterator); region < NUM_SYNCS; ++region) {
+            fences[region].Create();
+        }
+        used_iterator = 0;
+        iterator = 0;
+        free_iterator = size;
+
+        for (size_t region = 0, region_end = Region(size); region <= region_end; ++region) {
+            glClientWaitSync(fences[region].handle, 0, GL_TIMEOUT_IGNORED);
+            fences[region].Release();
+        }
+    }
+    const size_t offset = iterator;
+    iterator = Common::AlignUp(iterator + size, MAX_ALIGNMENT);
+    return {std::span(mapped_pointer + offset, size), offset};
 }
 
 } // namespace OpenGL
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.h
index dd9cf67eb..6dbb6bfba 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_stream_buffer.h
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-// Copyright 2018 Citra Emulator Project
+// Copyright 2021 yuzu Emulator Project
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <array>
+#include <memory>
+#include <span>
 #include <utility>
 
 #include <glad/glad.h>
@@ -13,48 +16,35 @@
 
 namespace OpenGL {
 
-class Device;
-class StateTracker;
+class StreamBuffer {
+    static constexpr size_t STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
+    static constexpr size_t NUM_SYNCS = 16;
+    static constexpr size_t REGION_SIZE = STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE / NUM_SYNCS;
+    static constexpr size_t MAX_ALIGNMENT = 256;
+    static_assert(STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE % MAX_ALIGNMENT == 0);
+    static_assert(STREAM_BUFFER_SIZE % NUM_SYNCS == 0);
+    static_assert(REGION_SIZE % MAX_ALIGNMENT == 0);
 
-class OGLStreamBuffer : private NonCopyable {
 public:
-    explicit OGLStreamBuffer(const Device& device, StateTracker& state_tracker_);
-    ~OGLStreamBuffer();
-
-    /*
-     * Allocates a linear chunk of memory in the GPU buffer with at least "size" bytes
-     * and the optional alignment requirement.
-     * If the buffer is full, the whole buffer is reallocated which invalidates old chunks.
-     * The return values are the pointer to the new chunk, and the offset within the buffer.
-     * The actual used size must be specified on unmapping the chunk.
-     */
-    std::pair<u8*, GLintptr> Map(GLsizeiptr size, GLintptr alignment = 0);
-
-    void Unmap(GLsizeiptr size);
-
-    GLuint Handle() const {
-        return gl_buffer.handle;
-    }
+    explicit StreamBuffer();
 
-    u64 Address() const {
-        return gpu_address;
-    }
+    [[nodiscard]] std::pair<std::span<u8>, size_t> Request(size_t size) noexcept;
 
-    GLsizeiptr Size() const noexcept {
-        return BUFFER_SIZE;
+    [[nodiscard]] GLuint Handle() const noexcept {
+        return buffer.handle;
     }
 
 private:
-    static constexpr GLsizeiptr BUFFER_SIZE = 256 * 1024 * 1024;
-
-    StateTracker& state_tracker;
-
-    OGLBuffer gl_buffer;
+    [[nodiscard]] static size_t Region(size_t offset) noexcept {
+        return offset / REGION_SIZE;
+    }
 
-    GLuint64EXT gpu_address = 0;
-    GLintptr buffer_pos = 0;
-    GLsizeiptr mapped_size = 0;
-    u8* mapped_ptr = nullptr;
+    size_t iterator = 0;
+    size_t used_iterator = 0;
+    size_t free_iterator = 0;
+    u8* mapped_pointer = nullptr;
+    OGLBuffer buffer;
+    std::array<OGLSync, NUM_SYNCS> fences;
 };
 
 } // namespace OpenGL
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp
index 546cb6d00..37572ab28 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.cpp
@@ -398,9 +398,6 @@ void AttachTexture(GLuint fbo, GLenum attachment, const ImageView* image_view) {
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-ImageBufferMap::ImageBufferMap(GLuint handle_, u8* map, size_t size, OGLSync* sync_)
-    : span(map, size), sync{sync_}, handle{handle_} {}
-
 ImageBufferMap::~ImageBufferMap() {
     if (sync) {
         sync->Create();
@@ -487,11 +484,11 @@ void TextureCacheRuntime::Finish() {
     glFinish();
 }
 
-ImageBufferMap TextureCacheRuntime::MapUploadBuffer(size_t size) {
+ImageBufferMap TextureCacheRuntime::UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size) {
     return upload_buffers.RequestMap(size, true);
 }
 
-ImageBufferMap TextureCacheRuntime::MapDownloadBuffer(size_t size) {
+ImageBufferMap TextureCacheRuntime::DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size) {
     return download_buffers.RequestMap(size, false);
 }
 
@@ -596,7 +593,11 @@ ImageBufferMap TextureCacheRuntime::StagingBuffers::RequestMap(size_t requested_
                                                                bool insert_fence) {
     const size_t index = RequestBuffer(requested_size);
     OGLSync* const sync = insert_fence ? &syncs[index] : nullptr;
-    return ImageBufferMap(buffers[index].handle, maps[index], requested_size, sync);
+    return ImageBufferMap{
+        .mapped_span = std::span(maps[index], requested_size),
+        .sync = sync,
+        .buffer = buffers[index].handle,
+    };
 }
 
 size_t TextureCacheRuntime::StagingBuffers::RequestBuffer(size_t requested_size) {
@@ -711,7 +712,7 @@ Image::Image(TextureCacheRuntime& runtime, const VideoCommon::ImageInfo& info_,
 
 void Image::UploadMemory(const ImageBufferMap& map, size_t buffer_offset,
                          std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferImageCopy> copies) {
-    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, map.Handle());
+    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, map.buffer);
     glFlushMappedBufferRange(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, buffer_offset, unswizzled_size_bytes);
 
     glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
@@ -735,7 +736,7 @@ void Image::UploadMemory(const ImageBufferMap& map, size_t buffer_offset,
 void Image::UploadMemory(const ImageBufferMap& map, size_t buffer_offset,
                          std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferCopy> copies) {
     for (const VideoCommon::BufferCopy& copy : copies) {
-        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(map.Handle(), buffer.handle, copy.src_offset + buffer_offset,
+        glCopyNamedBufferSubData(map.buffer, buffer.handle, copy.src_offset + buffer_offset,
                                  copy.dst_offset, copy.size);
     }
 }
@@ -744,7 +745,7 @@ void Image::DownloadMemory(ImageBufferMap& map, size_t buffer_offset,
                            std::span<const VideoCommon::BufferImageCopy> copies) {
     glMemoryBarrier(GL_PIXEL_BUFFER_BARRIER_BIT); // TODO: Move this to its own API
 
-    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, map.Handle());
+    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, map.buffer);
     glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
 
     u32 current_row_length = std::numeric_limits<u32>::max();
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.h
index 15b7c3676..60d08d6d6 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_texture_cache.h
@@ -31,23 +31,12 @@ using VideoCommon::NUM_RT;
 using VideoCommon::Offset2D;
 using VideoCommon::RenderTargets;
 
-class ImageBufferMap {
-public:
-    explicit ImageBufferMap(GLuint handle, u8* map, size_t size, OGLSync* sync);
+struct ImageBufferMap {
     ~ImageBufferMap();
 
-    GLuint Handle() const noexcept {
-        return handle;
-    }
-
-    std::span<u8> Span() const noexcept {
-        return span;
-    }
-
-private:
-    std::span<u8> span;
+    std::span<u8> mapped_span;
     OGLSync* sync;
-    GLuint handle;
+    GLuint buffer;
 };
 
 struct FormatProperties {
@@ -69,9 +58,9 @@ public:
 
     void Finish();
 
-    ImageBufferMap MapUploadBuffer(size_t size);
+    ImageBufferMap UploadStagingBuffer(size_t size);
 
-    ImageBufferMap MapDownloadBuffer(size_t size);
+    ImageBufferMap DownloadStagingBuffer(size_t size);
 
     void CopyImage(Image& dst, Image& src, std::span<const VideoCommon::ImageCopy> copies);
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
index 7eb5ab17a..8fcb86581 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
@@ -27,11 +27,14 @@
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_shader_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_debug_callback.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_device.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_instance.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_library.h"
+#include "video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_memory_allocator.h"
 
 namespace OpenGL {
-
 namespace {
-
 constexpr GLint PositionLocation = 0;
 constexpr GLint TexCoordLocation = 1;
 constexpr GLint ModelViewMatrixLocation = 0;
@@ -125,25 +128,98 @@ void APIENTRY DebugHandler(GLenum source, GLenum type, GLuint id, GLenum severit
     }
 }
 
+Vulkan::vk::PhysicalDevice FindPhysicalDevice(Vulkan::vk::Instance& instance) {
+    using namespace Vulkan;
+    using UUID = std::array<GLubyte, GL_UUID_SIZE_EXT>;
+
+    GLint num_device_uuids;
+    glGetIntegerv(GL_NUM_DEVICE_UUIDS_EXT, &num_device_uuids);
+    std::vector<UUID> device_uuids(num_device_uuids);
+    for (GLint index = 0; index < num_device_uuids; ++index) {
+        glGetUnsignedBytei_vEXT(GL_DEVICE_UUID_EXT, 0, device_uuids[index].data());
+    }
+    UUID driver_uuid;
+    glGetUnsignedBytevEXT(GL_DRIVER_UUID_EXT, driver_uuid.data());
+
+    for (const VkPhysicalDevice raw_physical_device : instance.EnumeratePhysicalDevices()) {
+        VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties device_id_properties{};
+        device_id_properties.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_ID_PROPERTIES;
+
+        VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2KHR properties{
+            .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_KHR,
+            .pNext = &device_id_properties,
+            .properties{},
+        };
+        vk::PhysicalDevice physical_device(raw_physical_device, instance.Dispatch());
+        physical_device.GetProperties2KHR(properties);
+        if (!std::ranges::equal(device_id_properties.driverUUID, driver_uuid)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        const auto it =
+            std::ranges::find_if(device_uuids, [&device_id_properties, driver_uuid](UUID uuid) {
+                return std::ranges::equal(device_id_properties.deviceUUID, uuid);
+            });
+        if (it != device_uuids.end()) {
+            return physical_device;
+        }
+    }
+    throw vk::Exception(VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER);
+}
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
+struct VulkanObjects {
+    static std::unique_ptr<VulkanObjects> TryCreate() {
+        if (!GLAD_GL_EXT_memory_object) {
+            // Interop is not present
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        const std::string_view vendor{reinterpret_cast<const char*>(glGetString(GL_VENDOR))};
+        if (vendor == "ATI Technologies Inc.") {
+            // Avoid using GL_EXT_memory_object on AMD, as it makes the GL driver crash
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        if (!Settings::values.use_assembly_shaders.GetValue()) {
+            // We only need interop when assembly shaders are enabled
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+#ifdef __linux__
+        LOG_WARNING(Render_OpenGL, "Interop doesn't work on Linux at the moment");
+        return nullptr;
+#endif
+        try {
+            return std::make_unique<VulkanObjects>();
+        } catch (const Vulkan::vk::Exception& exception) {
+            LOG_ERROR(Render_OpenGL, "Failed to initialize Vulkan objects with error: {}",
+                      exception.what());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Common::DynamicLibrary library{Vulkan::OpenLibrary()};
+    Vulkan::vk::InstanceDispatch dld;
+    Vulkan::vk::Instance instance{Vulkan::CreateInstance(library, dld, VK_API_VERSION_1_1)};
+    Vulkan::Device device{*instance, FindPhysicalDevice(instance), nullptr, dld};
+    Vulkan::MemoryAllocator memory_allocator{device, true};
+};
+
 RendererOpenGL::RendererOpenGL(Core::TelemetrySession& telemetry_session_,
                                Core::Frontend::EmuWindow& emu_window_,
                                Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory_, Tegra::GPU& gpu_,
                                std::unique_ptr<Core::Frontend::GraphicsContext> context_)
     : RendererBase{emu_window_, std::move(context_)}, telemetry_session{telemetry_session_},
-      emu_window{emu_window_}, cpu_memory{cpu_memory_}, gpu{gpu_}, program_manager{device},
-      rasterizer{emu_window, gpu, cpu_memory, device, screen_info, program_manager, state_tracker} {
+      emu_window{emu_window_}, cpu_memory{cpu_memory_}, gpu{gpu_},
+      vulkan_objects{VulkanObjects::TryCreate()}, device{vulkan_objects != nullptr},
+      state_tracker{gpu}, program_manager{device},
+      rasterizer(emu_window, gpu, cpu_memory, device,
+                 vulkan_objects ? &vulkan_objects->device : nullptr,
+                 vulkan_objects ? &vulkan_objects->memory_allocator : nullptr, screen_info,
+                 program_manager, state_tracker) {
     if (Settings::values.renderer_debug && GLAD_GL_KHR_debug) {
         glEnable(GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT);
         glEnable(GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT_SYNCHRONOUS);
         glDebugMessageCallback(DebugHandler, nullptr);
     }
     AddTelemetryFields();
-
-    if (!GLAD_GL_VERSION_4_6) {
-        throw std::runtime_error{"OpenGL 4.3 is not available"};
-    }
     InitOpenGLObjects();
 }
 
@@ -280,6 +356,7 @@ void RendererOpenGL::InitOpenGLObjects() {
     // Enable unified vertex attributes and query vertex buffer address when the driver supports it
     if (device.HasVertexBufferUnifiedMemory()) {
         glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ATTRIB_ARRAY_UNIFIED_NV);
+        glEnableClientState(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_UNIFIED_NV);
 
         glMakeNamedBufferResidentNV(vertex_buffer.handle, GL_READ_ONLY);
         glGetNamedBufferParameterui64vNV(vertex_buffer.handle, GL_BUFFER_GPU_ADDRESS_NV,
@@ -412,6 +489,7 @@ void RendererOpenGL::DrawScreen(const Layout::FramebufferLayout& layout) {
 
     program_manager.BindHostPipeline(pipeline.handle);
 
+    state_tracker.ClipControl(GL_LOWER_LEFT, GL_ZERO_TO_ONE);
     glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
     if (screen_info.display_srgb) {
         glEnable(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_SRGB);
@@ -430,7 +508,6 @@ void RendererOpenGL::DrawScreen(const Layout::FramebufferLayout& layout) {
     glCullFace(GL_BACK);
     glFrontFace(GL_CW);
     glColorMaski(0, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE, GL_TRUE);
-    glClipControl(GL_LOWER_LEFT, GL_ZERO_TO_ONE);
     glViewportIndexedf(0, 0.0f, 0.0f, static_cast<GLfloat>(layout.width),
                        static_cast<GLfloat>(layout.height));
     glDepthRangeIndexed(0, 0.0, 0.0);
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
index e043a0ccb..f210190dd 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ class GPU;
 
 namespace OpenGL {
 
+struct VulkanObjects;
+
 /// Structure used for storing information about the textures for the Switch screen
 struct TextureInfo {
     OGLTexture resource;
@@ -99,8 +101,11 @@ private:
     Core::Memory::Memory& cpu_memory;
     Tegra::GPU& gpu;
 
-    const Device device;
-    StateTracker state_tracker{gpu};
+    std::unique_ptr<VulkanObjects> vulkan_objects;
+    Device device;
+    StateTracker state_tracker;
+    ProgramManager program_manager;
+    RasterizerOpenGL rasterizer;
 
     // OpenGL object IDs
     OGLSampler present_sampler;
@@ -116,11 +121,6 @@ private:
     /// Display information for Switch screen
     ScreenInfo screen_info;
 
-    /// Global dummy shader pipeline
-    ProgramManager program_manager;
-
-    RasterizerOpenGL rasterizer;
-
     /// OpenGL framebuffer data
     std::vector<u8> gl_framebuffer_data;
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/util_shaders.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/util_shaders.cpp
index eb849cbf2..aeb36551c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/util_shaders.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/util_shaders.cpp
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void UtilShaders::BlockLinearUpload2D(Image& image, const ImageBufferMap& map, s
     static constexpr GLuint BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE = 0;
 
     program_manager.BindHostCompute(block_linear_unswizzle_2d_program.handle);
-    glFlushMappedNamedBufferRange(map.Handle(), buffer_offset, image.guest_size_bytes);
+    glFlushMappedNamedBufferRange(map.buffer, buffer_offset, image.guest_size_bytes);
     glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, BINDING_SWIZZLE_BUFFER, swizzle_table_buffer.handle);
 
     const GLenum store_format = StoreFormat(BytesPerBlock(image.info.format));
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ void UtilShaders::BlockLinearUpload2D(Image& image, const ImageBufferMap& map, s
         glUniform1ui(5, params.x_shift);
         glUniform1ui(6, params.block_height);
         glUniform1ui(7, params.block_height_mask);
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER, map.Handle(),
-                          input_offset, image.guest_size_bytes - swizzle.buffer_offset);
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER, map.buffer, input_offset,
+                          image.guest_size_bytes - swizzle.buffer_offset);
         glBindImageTexture(BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE, image.Handle(), swizzle.level, GL_TRUE, 0,
                            GL_WRITE_ONLY, store_format);
         glDispatchCompute(num_dispatches_x, num_dispatches_y, image.info.resources.layers);
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ void UtilShaders::BlockLinearUpload3D(Image& image, const ImageBufferMap& map, s
     static constexpr GLuint BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER = 1;
     static constexpr GLuint BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE = 0;
 
-    glFlushMappedNamedBufferRange(map.Handle(), buffer_offset, image.guest_size_bytes);
+    glFlushMappedNamedBufferRange(map.buffer, buffer_offset, image.guest_size_bytes);
     program_manager.BindHostCompute(block_linear_unswizzle_3d_program.handle);
     glBindBufferBase(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, BINDING_SWIZZLE_BUFFER, swizzle_table_buffer.handle);
 
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ void UtilShaders::BlockLinearUpload3D(Image& image, const ImageBufferMap& map, s
         glUniform1ui(7, params.block_height_mask);
         glUniform1ui(8, params.block_depth);
         glUniform1ui(9, params.block_depth_mask);
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER, map.Handle(),
-                          input_offset, image.guest_size_bytes - swizzle.buffer_offset);
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER, map.buffer, input_offset,
+                          image.guest_size_bytes - swizzle.buffer_offset);
         glBindImageTexture(BINDING_OUTPUT_IMAGE, image.Handle(), swizzle.level, GL_TRUE, 0,
                            GL_WRITE_ONLY, store_format);
         glDispatchCompute(num_dispatches_x, num_dispatches_y, num_dispatches_z);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ void UtilShaders::PitchUpload(Image& image, const ImageBufferMap& map, size_t bu
                          "Non-power of two images are not implemented");
 
     program_manager.BindHostCompute(pitch_unswizzle_program.handle);
-    glFlushMappedNamedBufferRange(map.Handle(), buffer_offset, image.guest_size_bytes);
+    glFlushMappedNamedBufferRange(map.buffer, buffer_offset, image.guest_size_bytes);
     glUniform2ui(LOC_ORIGIN, 0, 0);
     glUniform2i(LOC_DESTINATION, 0, 0);
     glUniform1ui(LOC_BYTES_PER_BLOCK, bytes_per_block);
@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ void UtilShaders::PitchUpload(Image& image, const ImageBufferMap& map, size_t bu
         const u32 num_dispatches_x = Common::DivCeil(num_tiles.width, WORKGROUP_SIZE.width);
         const u32 num_dispatches_y = Common::DivCeil(num_tiles.height, WORKGROUP_SIZE.height);
 
-        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER, map.Handle(),
-                          input_offset, image.guest_size_bytes - swizzle.buffer_offset);
+        glBindBufferRange(GL_SHADER_STORAGE_BUFFER, BINDING_INPUT_BUFFER, map.buffer, input_offset,
+                          image.guest_size_bytes - swizzle.buffer_offset);
         glDispatchCompute(num_dispatches_x, num_dispatches_y, 1);
     }
     program_manager.RestoreGuestCompute();
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/util_shaders.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/util_shaders.h
index 359997255..bec026bc3 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/util_shaders.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/util_shaders.h
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@
 namespace OpenGL {
 
 class Image;
-class ImageBufferMap;
 class ProgramManager;
 
+struct ImageBufferMap;
+
 class UtilShaders {
 public:
     explicit UtilShaders(ProgramManager& program_manager);