31 files changed, 4633 insertions, 2849 deletions

diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/accelerated_swizzle.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/accelerated_swizzle.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4fc1184b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/accelerated_swizzle.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <array>
+#include <bit>
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/div_ceil.h"
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/accelerated_swizzle.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/util.h"
+#include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon::Accelerated {
+
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_SHIFT;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_X;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT;
+using VideoCore::Surface::BytesPerBlock;
+
+BlockLinearSwizzle2DParams MakeBlockLinearSwizzle2DParams(const SwizzleParameters& swizzle,
+                                                          const ImageInfo& info) {
+    const Extent3D block = swizzle.block;
+    const Extent3D num_tiles = swizzle.num_tiles;
+    const u32 bytes_per_block = BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+    const u32 stride_alignment = CalculateLevelStrideAlignment(info, swizzle.level);
+    const u32 stride = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.width, stride_alignment) * bytes_per_block;
+    const u32 gobs_in_x = Common::DivCeilLog2(stride, GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT);
+    return BlockLinearSwizzle2DParams{
+        .origin{0, 0, 0},
+        .destination{0, 0, 0},
+        .bytes_per_block_log2 = static_cast<u32>(std::countr_zero(bytes_per_block)),
+        .layer_stride = info.layer_stride,
+        .block_size = gobs_in_x << (GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + block.height + block.depth),
+        .x_shift = GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + block.height + block.depth,
+        .block_height = block.height,
+        .block_height_mask = (1U << block.height) - 1,
+    };
+}
+
+BlockLinearSwizzle3DParams MakeBlockLinearSwizzle3DParams(const SwizzleParameters& swizzle,
+                                                          const ImageInfo& info) {
+    const Extent3D block = swizzle.block;
+    const Extent3D num_tiles = swizzle.num_tiles;
+    const u32 bytes_per_block = BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+    const u32 stride_alignment = CalculateLevelStrideAlignment(info, swizzle.level);
+    const u32 stride = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.width, stride_alignment) * bytes_per_block;
+
+    const u32 gobs_in_x = (stride + GOB_SIZE_X - 1) >> GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT;
+    const u32 block_size = gobs_in_x << (GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + block.height + block.depth);
+    const u32 slice_size =
+        Common::DivCeilLog2(num_tiles.height, block.height + GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT) * block_size;
+    return BlockLinearSwizzle3DParams{
+        .origin{0, 0, 0},
+        .destination{0, 0, 0},
+        .bytes_per_block_log2 = static_cast<u32>(std::countr_zero(bytes_per_block)),
+        .slice_size = slice_size,
+        .block_size = block_size,
+        .x_shift = GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + block.height + block.depth,
+        .block_height = block.height,
+        .block_height_mask = (1U << block.height) - 1,
+        .block_depth = block.depth,
+        .block_depth_mask = (1U << block.depth) - 1,
+    };
+}
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon::Accelerated
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/accelerated_swizzle.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/accelerated_swizzle.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ec5c78c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/accelerated_swizzle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon::Accelerated {
+
+struct BlockLinearSwizzle2DParams {
+    std::array<u32, 3> origin;
+    std::array<s32, 3> destination;
+    u32 bytes_per_block_log2;
+    u32 layer_stride;
+    u32 block_size;
+    u32 x_shift;
+    u32 block_height;
+    u32 block_height_mask;
+};
+
+struct BlockLinearSwizzle3DParams {
+    std::array<u32, 3> origin;
+    std::array<s32, 3> destination;
+    u32 bytes_per_block_log2;
+    u32 slice_size;
+    u32 block_size;
+    u32 x_shift;
+    u32 block_height;
+    u32 block_height_mask;
+    u32 block_depth;
+    u32 block_depth_mask;
+};
+
+[[nodiscard]] BlockLinearSwizzle2DParams MakeBlockLinearSwizzle2DParams(
+    const SwizzleParameters& swizzle, const ImageInfo& info);
+
+[[nodiscard]] BlockLinearSwizzle3DParams MakeBlockLinearSwizzle3DParams(
+    const SwizzleParameters& swizzle, const ImageInfo& info);
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon::Accelerated
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/copy_params.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/copy_params.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b475fe06..000000000
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/copy_params.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-
-namespace VideoCommon {
-
-struct CopyParams {
-    constexpr CopyParams(u32 source_x_, u32 source_y_, u32 source_z_, u32 dest_x_, u32 dest_y_,
-                         u32 dest_z_, u32 source_level_, u32 dest_level_, u32 width_, u32 height_,
-                         u32 depth_)
-        : source_x{source_x_}, source_y{source_y_}, source_z{source_z_}, dest_x{dest_x_},
-          dest_y{dest_y_}, dest_z{dest_z_}, source_level{source_level_},
-          dest_level{dest_level_}, width{width_}, height{height_}, depth{depth_} {}
-
-    constexpr CopyParams(u32 width_, u32 height_, u32 depth_, u32 level_)
-        : source_x{}, source_y{}, source_z{}, dest_x{}, dest_y{}, dest_z{}, source_level{level_},
-          dest_level{level_}, width{width_}, height{height_}, depth{depth_} {}
-
-    u32 source_x;
-    u32 source_y;
-    u32 source_z;
-    u32 dest_x;
-    u32 dest_y;
-    u32 dest_z;
-    u32 source_level;
-    u32 dest_level;
-    u32 width;
-    u32 height;
-    u32 depth;
-};
-
-} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/decode_bc4.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/decode_bc4.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..017327975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/decode_bc4.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <span>
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/decode_bc4.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+// https://www.khronos.org/registry/OpenGL/extensions/ARB/ARB_texture_compression_rgtc.txt
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 DecompressBlock(u64 bits, u32 x, u32 y) {
+    const u32 code_offset = 16 + 3 * (4 * y + x);
+    const u32 code = (bits >> code_offset) & 7;
+    const u32 red0 = (bits >> 0) & 0xff;
+    const u32 red1 = (bits >> 8) & 0xff;
+    if (red0 > red1) {
+        switch (code) {
+        case 0:
+            return red0;
+        case 1:
+            return red1;
+        case 2:
+            return (6 * red0 + 1 * red1) / 7;
+        case 3:
+            return (5 * red0 + 2 * red1) / 7;
+        case 4:
+            return (4 * red0 + 3 * red1) / 7;
+        case 5:
+            return (3 * red0 + 4 * red1) / 7;
+        case 6:
+            return (2 * red0 + 5 * red1) / 7;
+        case 7:
+            return (1 * red0 + 6 * red1) / 7;
+        }
+    } else {
+        switch (code) {
+        case 0:
+            return red0;
+        case 1:
+            return red1;
+        case 2:
+            return (4 * red0 + 1 * red1) / 5;
+        case 3:
+            return (3 * red0 + 2 * red1) / 5;
+        case 4:
+            return (2 * red0 + 3 * red1) / 5;
+        case 5:
+            return (1 * red0 + 4 * red1) / 5;
+        case 6:
+            return 0;
+        case 7:
+            return 0xff;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void DecompressBC4(std::span<const u8> input, Extent3D extent, std::span<u8> output) {
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF_MSG(extent.width % 4 != 0, "Unaligned width={}", extent.width);
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF_MSG(extent.height % 4 != 0, "Unaligned height={}", extent.height);
+    static constexpr u32 BLOCK_SIZE = 4;
+    size_t input_offset = 0;
+    for (u32 slice = 0; slice < extent.depth; ++slice) {
+        for (u32 block_y = 0; block_y < extent.height / 4; ++block_y) {
+            for (u32 block_x = 0; block_x < extent.width / 4; ++block_x) {
+                u64 bits;
+                std::memcpy(&bits, &input[input_offset], sizeof(bits));
+                input_offset += sizeof(bits);
+
+                for (u32 y = 0; y < BLOCK_SIZE; ++y) {
+                    for (u32 x = 0; x < BLOCK_SIZE; ++x) {
+                        const u32 linear_z = slice;
+                        const u32 linear_y = block_y * BLOCK_SIZE + y;
+                        const u32 linear_x = block_x * BLOCK_SIZE + x;
+                        const u32 offset_z = linear_z * extent.width * extent.height;
+                        const u32 offset_y = linear_y * extent.width;
+                        const u32 offset_x = linear_x;
+                        const u32 output_offset = (offset_z + offset_y + offset_x) * 4ULL;
+                        const u32 color = DecompressBlock(bits, x, y);
+                        output[output_offset + 0] = static_cast<u8>(color);
+                        output[output_offset + 1] = 0;
+                        output[output_offset + 2] = 0;
+                        output[output_offset + 3] = 0xff;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/decode_bc4.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/decode_bc4.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63fb23508
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/decode_bc4.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <span>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+void DecompressBC4(std::span<const u8> data, Extent3D extent, std::span<u8> output);
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/descriptor_table.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/descriptor_table.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3a03b786f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/descriptor_table.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/div_ceil.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
+#include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
+#include "video_core/rasterizer_interface.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+template <typename Descriptor>
+class DescriptorTable {
+public:
+    explicit DescriptorTable(Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_) : gpu_memory{gpu_memory_} {}
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool Synchornize(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, u32 limit) {
+        [[likely]] if (current_gpu_addr == gpu_addr && current_limit == limit) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Refresh(gpu_addr, limit);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void Invalidate() noexcept {
+        std::ranges::fill(read_descriptors, 0);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::pair<Descriptor, bool> Read(u32 index) {
+        DEBUG_ASSERT(index <= current_limit);
+        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = current_gpu_addr + index * sizeof(Descriptor);
+        std::pair<Descriptor, bool> result;
+        gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, &result.first, sizeof(Descriptor));
+        if (IsDescriptorRead(index)) {
+            result.second = result.first != descriptors[index];
+        } else {
+            MarkDescriptorAsRead(index);
+            result.second = true;
+        }
+        if (result.second) {
+            descriptors[index] = result.first;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] u32 Limit() const noexcept {
+        return current_limit;
+    }
+
+private:
+    void Refresh(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, u32 limit) {
+        current_gpu_addr = gpu_addr;
+        current_limit = limit;
+
+        const size_t num_descriptors = static_cast<size_t>(limit) + 1;
+        read_descriptors.clear();
+        read_descriptors.resize(Common::DivCeil(num_descriptors, 64U), 0);
+        descriptors.resize(num_descriptors);
+    }
+
+    void MarkDescriptorAsRead(u32 index) noexcept {
+        read_descriptors[index / 64] |= 1ULL << (index % 64);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsDescriptorRead(u32 index) const noexcept {
+        return (read_descriptors[index / 64] & (1ULL << (index % 64))) != 0;
+    }
+
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+    GPUVAddr current_gpu_addr{};
+    u32 current_limit{};
+    std::vector<u64> read_descriptors;
+    std::vector<Descriptor> descriptors;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.cpp
index 7938d71eb..ddfb726fe 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
-#include <array>
 #include "common/common_types.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.h"
@@ -20,198 +19,207 @@ constexpr auto UNORM = ComponentType::UNORM;
 constexpr auto SINT = ComponentType::SINT;
 constexpr auto UINT = ComponentType::UINT;
 constexpr auto FLOAT = ComponentType::FLOAT;
-constexpr bool C = false; // Normal color
-constexpr bool S = true;  // Srgb
-
-struct Table {
-    constexpr Table(TextureFormat texture_format_, bool is_srgb_, ComponentType red_component_,
-                    ComponentType green_component_, ComponentType blue_component_,
-                    ComponentType alpha_component_, PixelFormat pixel_format_)
-        : texture_format{texture_format_}, pixel_format{pixel_format_},
-          red_component{red_component_}, green_component{green_component_},
-          blue_component{blue_component_}, alpha_component{alpha_component_}, is_srgb{is_srgb_} {}
-
-    TextureFormat texture_format;
-    PixelFormat pixel_format;
-    ComponentType red_component;
-    ComponentType green_component;
-    ComponentType blue_component;
-    ComponentType alpha_component;
-    bool is_srgb;
-};
-constexpr std::array<Table, 86> DefinitionTable = {{
-    {TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, C, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_SNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_UINT},
-    {TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, C, SINT, SINT, SINT, SINT, PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_SINT},
-    {TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::B5G6R5, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::B5G6R5_UNORM},
-
-    {TextureFormat::A2B10G10R10, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::A2B10G10R10_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::A2B10G10R10, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::A2B10G10R10_UINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::A1B5G5R5, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::A1B5G5R5_UNORM},
-
-    {TextureFormat::A4B4G4R4, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::A4B4G4R4_UNORM},
-
-    {TextureFormat::R8, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::R8_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R8, C, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, PixelFormat::R8_SNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R8, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::R8_UINT},
-    {TextureFormat::R8, C, SINT, SINT, SINT, SINT, PixelFormat::R8_SINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::R8G8, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::R8G8_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R8G8, C, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, PixelFormat::R8G8_SNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R8G8, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::R8G8_UINT},
-    {TextureFormat::R8G8, C, SINT, SINT, SINT, SINT, PixelFormat::R8G8_SINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, C, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_SNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_FLOAT},
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_UINT},
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, C, SINT, SINT, SINT, SINT, PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_SINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::R16G16_FLOAT},
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::R16G16_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16, C, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, PixelFormat::R16G16_SNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::R16G16_UINT},
-    {TextureFormat::R16G16, C, SINT, SINT, SINT, SINT, PixelFormat::R16G16_SINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::R16, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::R16_FLOAT},
-    {TextureFormat::R16, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::R16_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R16, C, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, PixelFormat::R16_SNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R16, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::R16_UINT},
-    {TextureFormat::R16, C, SINT, SINT, SINT, SINT, PixelFormat::R16_SINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::B10G11R11, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::B10G11R11_FLOAT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::R32G32B32A32, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::R32G32B32A32_FLOAT},
-    {TextureFormat::R32G32B32A32, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::R32G32B32A32_UINT},
-    {TextureFormat::R32G32B32A32, C, SINT, SINT, SINT, SINT, PixelFormat::R32G32B32A32_SINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::R32G32B32, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::R32G32B32_FLOAT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::R32G32, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::R32G32_FLOAT},
-    {TextureFormat::R32G32, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::R32G32_UINT},
-    {TextureFormat::R32G32, C, SINT, SINT, SINT, SINT, PixelFormat::R32G32_SINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::R32, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::R32_FLOAT},
-    {TextureFormat::R32, C, UINT, UINT, UINT, UINT, PixelFormat::R32_UINT},
-    {TextureFormat::R32, C, SINT, SINT, SINT, SINT, PixelFormat::R32_SINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::E5B9G9R9, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::E5B9G9R9_FLOAT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::D32, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::D32_FLOAT},
-    {TextureFormat::D16, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::D16_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::S8D24, C, UINT, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::S8_UINT_D24_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::R8G24, C, UINT, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::S8_UINT_D24_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::D32S8, C, FLOAT, UINT, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::D32_FLOAT_S8_UINT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::BC1_RGBA, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC1_RGBA_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::BC1_RGBA, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC1_RGBA_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::BC2, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC2_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::BC2, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC2_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::BC3, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC3_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::BC3, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC3_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::BC4, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC4_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::BC4, C, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, PixelFormat::BC4_SNORM},
-
-    {TextureFormat::BC5, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC5_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::BC5, C, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, SNORM, PixelFormat::BC5_SNORM},
-
-    {TextureFormat::BC7, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC7_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::BC7, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::BC7_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::BC6H_SFLOAT, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::BC6H_SFLOAT},
-    {TextureFormat::BC6H_UFLOAT, C, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, FLOAT, PixelFormat::BC6H_UFLOAT},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12_SRGB},
-
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6_SRGB},
+constexpr bool LINEAR = false;
+constexpr bool SRGB = true;
+
+constexpr u32 Hash(TextureFormat format, ComponentType red_component, ComponentType green_component,
+                   ComponentType blue_component, ComponentType alpha_component, bool is_srgb) {
+    u32 hash = is_srgb ? 1 : 0;
+    hash |= static_cast<u32>(red_component) << 1;
+    hash |= static_cast<u32>(green_component) << 4;
+    hash |= static_cast<u32>(blue_component) << 7;
+    hash |= static_cast<u32>(alpha_component) << 10;
+    hash |= static_cast<u32>(format) << 13;
+    return hash;
+}
 
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5, C, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5_UNORM},
-    {TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5, S, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5_SRGB},
-}};
+constexpr u32 Hash(TextureFormat format, ComponentType component, bool is_srgb = LINEAR) {
+    return Hash(format, component, component, component, component, is_srgb);
+}
 
 } // Anonymous namespace
 
-FormatLookupTable::FormatLookupTable() {
-    table.fill(static_cast<u8>(PixelFormat::Invalid));
-
-    for (const auto& entry : DefinitionTable) {
-        table[CalculateIndex(entry.texture_format, entry.is_srgb != 0, entry.red_component,
-                             entry.green_component, entry.blue_component, entry.alpha_component)] =
-            static_cast<u8>(entry.pixel_format);
-    }
-}
-
-PixelFormat FormatLookupTable::GetPixelFormat(TextureFormat format, bool is_srgb,
-                                              ComponentType red_component,
-                                              ComponentType green_component,
-                                              ComponentType blue_component,
-                                              ComponentType alpha_component) const noexcept {
-    const auto pixel_format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(table[CalculateIndex(
-        format, is_srgb, red_component, green_component, blue_component, alpha_component)]);
-    // [[likely]]
-    if (pixel_format != PixelFormat::Invalid) {
-        return pixel_format;
+PixelFormat PixelFormatFromTextureInfo(TextureFormat format, ComponentType red, ComponentType green,
+                                       ComponentType blue, ComponentType alpha,
+                                       bool is_srgb) noexcept {
+    switch (Hash(format, red, green, blue, alpha, is_srgb)) {
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, SNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_SNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, SINT):
+        return PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_SINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::A8R8G8B8, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::B5G6R5, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::B5G6R5_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::A2B10G10R10, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::A2B10G10R10_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::A2B10G10R10, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::A2B10G10R10_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::A1B5G5R5, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::A1B5G5R5_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::A4B4G4R4, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::A4B4G4R4_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R8, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R8_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R8, SNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R8_SNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R8, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R8_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R8, SINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R8_SINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R8G8, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R8G8_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R8G8, SNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R8G8_SNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R8G8, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R8G8_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R8G8, SINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R8G8_SINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, SNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_SNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16B16A16, SINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_SINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16, SNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16_SNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16G16, SINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R16G16_SINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::R16_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R16_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16, SNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::R16_SNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R16_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R16, SINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R16_SINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::B10G11R11, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::B10G11R11_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32G32B32A32, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32G32B32A32_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32G32B32A32, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32G32B32A32_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32G32B32A32, SINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32G32B32A32_SINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32G32B32, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32G32B32_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32G32, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32G32_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32G32, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32G32_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32G32, SINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32G32_SINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32, UINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R32, SINT):
+        return PixelFormat::R32_SINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::E5B9G9R9, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::E5B9G9R9_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::D32, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::D32_FLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::D16, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::D16_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::S8D24, UINT, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::S8_UINT_D24_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::R8G24, UINT, UNORM, UNORM, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::S8_UINT_D24_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::D32S8, FLOAT, UINT, UNORM, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::D32_FLOAT_S8_UINT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC1_RGBA, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::BC1_RGBA_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC1_RGBA, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::BC1_RGBA_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC2, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::BC2_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC2, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::BC2_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC3, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::BC3_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC3, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::BC3_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC4, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::BC4_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC4, SNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::BC4_SNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC5, UNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::BC5_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC5, SNORM):
+        return PixelFormat::BC5_SNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC7, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::BC7_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC7, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::BC7_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC6H_SFLOAT, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::BC6H_SFLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::BC6H_UFLOAT, FLOAT):
+        return PixelFormat::BC6H_UFLOAT;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6_SRGB;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5, UNORM, LINEAR):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5_UNORM;
+    case Hash(TextureFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5, UNORM, SRGB):
+        return PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5_SRGB;
     }
     UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("texture format={} srgb={} components={{{} {} {} {}}}",
-                      static_cast<int>(format), is_srgb, static_cast<int>(red_component),
-                      static_cast<int>(green_component), static_cast<int>(blue_component),
-                      static_cast<int>(alpha_component));
+                      static_cast<int>(format), is_srgb, static_cast<int>(red),
+                      static_cast<int>(green), static_cast<int>(blue), static_cast<int>(alpha));
     return PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_UNORM;
 }
 
-void FormatLookupTable::Set(TextureFormat format, bool is_srgb, ComponentType red_component,
-                            ComponentType green_component, ComponentType blue_component,
-                            ComponentType alpha_component, PixelFormat pixel_format) {}
-
-std::size_t FormatLookupTable::CalculateIndex(TextureFormat format, bool is_srgb,
-                                              ComponentType red_component,
-                                              ComponentType green_component,
-                                              ComponentType blue_component,
-                                              ComponentType alpha_component) noexcept {
-    const auto format_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(format);
-    const auto red_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(red_component);
-    const auto green_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(green_component);
-    const auto blue_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(blue_component);
-    const auto alpha_index = static_cast<std::size_t>(alpha_component);
-    const std::size_t srgb_index = is_srgb ? 1 : 0;
-
-    return format_index * PerFormat +
-           srgb_index * PerComponent * PerComponent * PerComponent * PerComponent +
-           alpha_index * PerComponent * PerComponent * PerComponent +
-           blue_index * PerComponent * PerComponent + green_index * PerComponent + red_index;
-}
-
 } // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.h
index aa77e0a5a..729533999 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.h
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.h
@@ -4,48 +4,14 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <array>
-#include <limits>
 #include "video_core/surface.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
 
 namespace VideoCommon {
 
-class FormatLookupTable {
-public:
-    explicit FormatLookupTable();
-
-    VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat GetPixelFormat(
-        Tegra::Texture::TextureFormat format, bool is_srgb,
-        Tegra::Texture::ComponentType red_component, Tegra::Texture::ComponentType green_component,
-        Tegra::Texture::ComponentType blue_component,
-        Tegra::Texture::ComponentType alpha_component) const noexcept;
-
-private:
-    static_assert(VideoCore::Surface::MaxPixelFormat <= std::numeric_limits<u8>::max());
-
-    static constexpr std::size_t NumTextureFormats = 128;
-
-    static constexpr std::size_t PerComponent = 8;
-    static constexpr std::size_t PerComponents2 = PerComponent * PerComponent;
-    static constexpr std::size_t PerComponents3 = PerComponents2 * PerComponent;
-    static constexpr std::size_t PerComponents4 = PerComponents3 * PerComponent;
-    static constexpr std::size_t PerFormat = PerComponents4 * 2;
-
-    static std::size_t CalculateIndex(Tegra::Texture::TextureFormat format, bool is_srgb,
-                                      Tegra::Texture::ComponentType red_component,
-                                      Tegra::Texture::ComponentType green_component,
-                                      Tegra::Texture::ComponentType blue_component,
-                                      Tegra::Texture::ComponentType alpha_component) noexcept;
-
-    void Set(Tegra::Texture::TextureFormat format, bool is_srgb,
-             Tegra::Texture::ComponentType red_component,
-             Tegra::Texture::ComponentType green_component,
-             Tegra::Texture::ComponentType blue_component,
-             Tegra::Texture::ComponentType alpha_component,
-             VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat pixel_format);
-
-    std::array<u8, NumTextureFormats * PerFormat> table;
-};
+VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat PixelFormatFromTextureInfo(
+    Tegra::Texture::TextureFormat format, Tegra::Texture::ComponentType red_component,
+    Tegra::Texture::ComponentType green_component, Tegra::Texture::ComponentType blue_component,
+    Tegra::Texture::ComponentType alpha_component, bool is_srgb) noexcept;
 
 } // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/formatter.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/formatter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d10ba4ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/formatter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/formatter.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_base.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/render_targets.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+std::string Name(const ImageBase& image) {
+    const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = image.gpu_addr;
+    const ImageInfo& info = image.info;
+    const u32 width = info.size.width;
+    const u32 height = info.size.height;
+    const u32 depth = info.size.depth;
+    const u32 num_layers = image.info.resources.layers;
+    const u32 num_levels = image.info.resources.levels;
+    std::string resource;
+    if (num_layers > 1) {
+        resource += fmt::format(":L{}", num_layers);
+    }
+    if (num_levels > 1) {
+        resource += fmt::format(":M{}", num_levels);
+    }
+    switch (image.info.type) {
+    case ImageType::e1D:
+        return fmt::format("Image 1D 0x{:x} {}{}", gpu_addr, width, resource);
+    case ImageType::e2D:
+        return fmt::format("Image 2D 0x{:x} {}x{}{}", gpu_addr, width, height, resource);
+    case ImageType::e3D:
+        return fmt::format("Image 2D 0x{:x} {}x{}x{}{}", gpu_addr, width, height, depth, resource);
+    case ImageType::Linear:
+        return fmt::format("Image Linear 0x{:x} {}x{}", gpu_addr, width, height);
+    case ImageType::Buffer:
+        return fmt::format("Buffer 0x{:x} {}", image.gpu_addr, image.info.size.width);
+    }
+    return "Invalid";
+}
+
+std::string Name(const ImageViewBase& image_view, std::optional<ImageViewType> type) {
+    const u32 width = image_view.size.width;
+    const u32 height = image_view.size.height;
+    const u32 depth = image_view.size.depth;
+    const u32 num_levels = image_view.range.extent.levels;
+    const u32 num_layers = image_view.range.extent.layers;
+
+    const std::string level = num_levels > 1 ? fmt::format(":{}", num_levels) : "";
+    switch (type.value_or(image_view.type)) {
+    case ImageViewType::e1D:
+        return fmt::format("ImageView 1D {}{}", width, level);
+    case ImageViewType::e2D:
+        return fmt::format("ImageView 2D {}x{}{}", width, height, level);
+    case ImageViewType::Cube:
+        return fmt::format("ImageView Cube {}x{}{}", width, height, level);
+    case ImageViewType::e3D:
+        return fmt::format("ImageView 3D {}x{}x{}{}", width, height, depth, level);
+    case ImageViewType::e1DArray:
+        return fmt::format("ImageView 1DArray {}{}|{}", width, level, num_layers);
+    case ImageViewType::e2DArray:
+        return fmt::format("ImageView 2DArray {}x{}{}|{}", width, height, level, num_layers);
+    case ImageViewType::CubeArray:
+        return fmt::format("ImageView CubeArray {}x{}{}|{}", width, height, level, num_layers);
+    case ImageViewType::Rect:
+        return fmt::format("ImageView Rect {}x{}{}", width, height, level);
+    case ImageViewType::Buffer:
+        return fmt::format("BufferView {}", width);
+    }
+    return "Invalid";
+}
+
+std::string Name(const RenderTargets& render_targets) {
+    std::string_view debug_prefix;
+    const auto num_color = std::ranges::count_if(
+        render_targets.color_buffer_ids, [](ImageViewId id) { return static_cast<bool>(id); });
+    if (render_targets.depth_buffer_id) {
+        debug_prefix = num_color > 0 ? "R" : "Z";
+    } else {
+        debug_prefix = num_color > 0 ? "C" : "X";
+    }
+    const Extent2D size = render_targets.size;
+    if (num_color > 0) {
+        return fmt::format("Framebuffer {}{} {}x{}", debug_prefix, num_color, size.width,
+                           size.height);
+    } else {
+        return fmt::format("Framebuffer {} {}x{}", debug_prefix, size.width, size.height);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/formatter.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/formatter.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a48413983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/formatter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+template <>
+struct fmt::formatter<VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat> : fmt::formatter<fmt::string_view> {
+    template <typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat format, FormatContext& ctx) {
+        using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
+        const string_view name = [format] {
+            switch (format) {
+            case PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_UNORM:
+                return "A8B8G8R8_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_SNORM:
+                return "A8B8G8R8_SNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_SINT:
+                return "A8B8G8R8_SINT";
+            case PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_UINT:
+                return "A8B8G8R8_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R5G6B5_UNORM:
+                return "R5G6B5_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::B5G6R5_UNORM:
+                return "B5G6R5_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::A1R5G5B5_UNORM:
+                return "A1R5G5B5_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::A2B10G10R10_UNORM:
+                return "A2B10G10R10_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::A2B10G10R10_UINT:
+                return "A2B10G10R10_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::A1B5G5R5_UNORM:
+                return "A1B5G5R5_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R8_UNORM:
+                return "R8_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R8_SNORM:
+                return "R8_SNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R8_SINT:
+                return "R8_SINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R8_UINT:
+                return "R8_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_FLOAT:
+                return "R16G16B16A16_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_UNORM:
+                return "R16G16B16A16_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_SNORM:
+                return "R16G16B16A16_SNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_SINT:
+                return "R16G16B16A16_SINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16B16A16_UINT:
+                return "R16G16B16A16_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::B10G11R11_FLOAT:
+                return "B10G11R11_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::R32G32B32A32_UINT:
+                return "R32G32B32A32_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::BC1_RGBA_UNORM:
+                return "BC1_RGBA_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::BC2_UNORM:
+                return "BC2_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::BC3_UNORM:
+                return "BC3_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::BC4_UNORM:
+                return "BC4_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::BC4_SNORM:
+                return "BC4_SNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::BC5_UNORM:
+                return "BC5_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::BC5_SNORM:
+                return "BC5_SNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::BC7_UNORM:
+                return "BC7_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::BC6H_UFLOAT:
+                return "BC6H_UFLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::BC6H_SFLOAT:
+                return "BC6H_SFLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_4X4_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
+                return "B8G8R8A8_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R32G32B32A32_FLOAT:
+                return "R32G32B32A32_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::R32G32B32A32_SINT:
+                return "R32G32B32A32_SINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R32G32_FLOAT:
+                return "R32G32_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::R32G32_SINT:
+                return "R32G32_SINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R32_FLOAT:
+                return "R32_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16_FLOAT:
+                return "R16_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16_UNORM:
+                return "R16_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R16_SNORM:
+                return "R16_SNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R16_UINT:
+                return "R16_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16_SINT:
+                return "R16_SINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16_UNORM:
+                return "R16G16_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16_FLOAT:
+                return "R16G16_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16_UINT:
+                return "R16G16_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16_SINT:
+                return "R16G16_SINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16_SNORM:
+                return "R16G16_SNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R32G32B32_FLOAT:
+                return "R32G32B32_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_SRGB:
+                return "A8B8G8R8_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::R8G8_UNORM:
+                return "R8G8_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R8G8_SNORM:
+                return "R8G8_SNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::R8G8_SINT:
+                return "R8G8_SINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R8G8_UINT:
+                return "R8G8_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R32G32_UINT:
+                return "R32G32_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R16G16B16X16_FLOAT:
+                return "R16G16B16X16_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::R32_UINT:
+                return "R32_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::R32_SINT:
+                return "R32_SINT";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_8X8_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_8X5_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_5X4_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::B8G8R8A8_SRGB:
+                return "B8G8R8A8_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::BC1_RGBA_SRGB:
+                return "BC1_RGBA_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::BC2_SRGB:
+                return "BC2_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::BC3_SRGB:
+                return "BC3_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::BC7_SRGB:
+                return "BC7_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::A4B4G4R4_UNORM:
+                return "A4B4G4R4_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_4X4_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X8_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_8X8_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X5_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_8X5_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X4_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_5X4_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_5X5_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_5X5_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_5X5_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_10X8_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X8_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_10X8_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_6X6_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X6_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_6X6_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_10X10_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_10X10_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_10X10_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_12X12_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_12X12_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_12X12_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_8X6_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_8X6_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_8X6_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5_UNORM:
+                return "ASTC_2D_6X5_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_6X5_SRGB:
+                return "ASTC_2D_6X5_SRGB";
+            case PixelFormat::E5B9G9R9_FLOAT:
+                return "E5B9G9R9_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::D32_FLOAT:
+                return "D32_FLOAT";
+            case PixelFormat::D16_UNORM:
+                return "D16_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::D24_UNORM_S8_UINT:
+                return "D24_UNORM_S8_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::S8_UINT_D24_UNORM:
+                return "S8_UINT_D24_UNORM";
+            case PixelFormat::D32_FLOAT_S8_UINT:
+                return "D32_FLOAT_S8_UINT";
+            case PixelFormat::MaxDepthStencilFormat:
+            case PixelFormat::Invalid:
+                return "Invalid";
+            }
+            return "Invalid";
+        }();
+        return formatter<string_view>::format(name, ctx);
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct fmt::formatter<VideoCommon::ImageType> : fmt::formatter<fmt::string_view> {
+    template <typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(VideoCommon::ImageType type, FormatContext& ctx) {
+        const string_view name = [type] {
+            using VideoCommon::ImageType;
+            switch (type) {
+            case ImageType::e1D:
+                return "1D";
+            case ImageType::e2D:
+                return "2D";
+            case ImageType::e3D:
+                return "3D";
+            case ImageType::Linear:
+                return "Linear";
+            case ImageType::Buffer:
+                return "Buffer";
+            }
+            return "Invalid";
+        }();
+        return formatter<string_view>::format(name, ctx);
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct fmt::formatter<VideoCommon::Extent3D> {
+    constexpr auto parse(fmt::format_parse_context& ctx) {
+        return ctx.begin();
+    }
+
+    template <typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(const VideoCommon::Extent3D& extent, FormatContext& ctx) {
+        return fmt::format_to(ctx.out(), "{{{}, {}, {}}}", extent.width, extent.height,
+                              extent.depth);
+    }
+};
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+struct ImageBase;
+struct ImageViewBase;
+struct RenderTargets;
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::string Name(const ImageBase& image);
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::string Name(const ImageViewBase& image_view,
+                               std::optional<ImageViewType> type = std::nullopt);
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::string Name(const RenderTargets& render_targets);
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_base.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_base.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..448a05fcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_base.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <optional>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/formatter.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_base.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/util.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+using VideoCore::Surface::DefaultBlockHeight;
+using VideoCore::Surface::DefaultBlockWidth;
+
+namespace {
+/// Returns the base layer and mip level offset
+[[nodiscard]] std::pair<s32, s32> LayerMipOffset(s32 diff, u32 layer_stride) {
+    if (layer_stride == 0) {
+        return {0, diff};
+    } else {
+        return {diff / layer_stride, diff % layer_stride};
+    }
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] bool ValidateLayers(const SubresourceLayers& layers, const ImageInfo& info) {
+    return layers.base_level < info.resources.levels &&
+           layers.base_layer + layers.num_layers <= info.resources.layers;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] bool ValidateCopy(const ImageCopy& copy, const ImageInfo& dst, const ImageInfo& src) {
+    const Extent3D src_size = MipSize(src.size, copy.src_subresource.base_level);
+    const Extent3D dst_size = MipSize(dst.size, copy.dst_subresource.base_level);
+    if (!ValidateLayers(copy.src_subresource, src)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!ValidateLayers(copy.dst_subresource, dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (copy.src_offset.x + copy.extent.width > src_size.width ||
+        copy.src_offset.y + copy.extent.height > src_size.height ||
+        copy.src_offset.z + copy.extent.depth > src_size.depth) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (copy.dst_offset.x + copy.extent.width > dst_size.width ||
+        copy.dst_offset.y + copy.extent.height > dst_size.height ||
+        copy.dst_offset.z + copy.extent.depth > dst_size.depth) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+ImageBase::ImageBase(const ImageInfo& info_, GPUVAddr gpu_addr_, VAddr cpu_addr_)
+    : info{info_}, guest_size_bytes{CalculateGuestSizeInBytes(info)},
+      unswizzled_size_bytes{CalculateUnswizzledSizeBytes(info)},
+      converted_size_bytes{CalculateConvertedSizeBytes(info)}, gpu_addr{gpu_addr_},
+      cpu_addr{cpu_addr_}, cpu_addr_end{cpu_addr + guest_size_bytes},
+      mip_level_offsets{CalculateMipLevelOffsets(info)} {
+    if (info.type == ImageType::e3D) {
+        slice_offsets = CalculateSliceOffsets(info);
+        slice_subresources = CalculateSliceSubresources(info);
+    }
+}
+
+std::optional<SubresourceBase> ImageBase::TryFindBase(GPUVAddr other_addr) const noexcept {
+    if (other_addr < gpu_addr) {
+        // Subresource address can't be lower than the base
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const u32 diff = static_cast<u32>(other_addr - gpu_addr);
+    if (diff > guest_size_bytes) {
+        // This can happen when two CPU addresses are used for different GPU addresses
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (info.type != ImageType::e3D) {
+        const auto [layer, mip_offset] = LayerMipOffset(diff, info.layer_stride);
+        const auto end = mip_level_offsets.begin() + info.resources.levels;
+        const auto it = std::find(mip_level_offsets.begin(), end, mip_offset);
+        if (layer > info.resources.layers || it == end) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+        return SubresourceBase{
+            .level = static_cast<s32>(std::distance(mip_level_offsets.begin(), it)),
+            .layer = layer,
+        };
+    } else {
+        // TODO: Consider using binary_search after a threshold
+        const auto it = std::ranges::find(slice_offsets, diff);
+        if (it == slice_offsets.cend()) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+        return slice_subresources[std::distance(slice_offsets.begin(), it)];
+    }
+}
+
+ImageViewId ImageBase::FindView(const ImageViewInfo& view_info) const noexcept {
+    const auto it = std::ranges::find(image_view_infos, view_info);
+    if (it == image_view_infos.end()) {
+        return ImageViewId{};
+    }
+    return image_view_ids[std::distance(image_view_infos.begin(), it)];
+}
+
+void ImageBase::InsertView(const ImageViewInfo& view_info, ImageViewId image_view_id) {
+    image_view_infos.push_back(view_info);
+    image_view_ids.push_back(image_view_id);
+}
+
+void AddImageAlias(ImageBase& lhs, ImageBase& rhs, ImageId lhs_id, ImageId rhs_id) {
+    static constexpr auto OPTIONS = RelaxedOptions::Size | RelaxedOptions::Format;
+    ASSERT(lhs.info.type == rhs.info.type);
+    std::optional<SubresourceBase> base;
+    if (lhs.info.type == ImageType::Linear) {
+        base = SubresourceBase{.level = 0, .layer = 0};
+    } else {
+        base = FindSubresource(rhs.info, lhs, rhs.gpu_addr, OPTIONS);
+    }
+    if (!base) {
+        LOG_ERROR(HW_GPU, "Image alias should have been flipped");
+        return;
+    }
+    const PixelFormat lhs_format = lhs.info.format;
+    const PixelFormat rhs_format = rhs.info.format;
+    const Extent2D lhs_block{
+        .width = DefaultBlockWidth(lhs_format),
+        .height = DefaultBlockHeight(lhs_format),
+    };
+    const Extent2D rhs_block{
+        .width = DefaultBlockWidth(rhs_format),
+        .height = DefaultBlockHeight(rhs_format),
+    };
+    const bool is_lhs_compressed = lhs_block.width > 1 || lhs_block.height > 1;
+    const bool is_rhs_compressed = rhs_block.width > 1 || rhs_block.height > 1;
+    if (is_lhs_compressed && is_rhs_compressed) {
+        LOG_ERROR(HW_GPU, "Compressed to compressed image aliasing is not implemented");
+        return;
+    }
+    const s32 lhs_mips = lhs.info.resources.levels;
+    const s32 rhs_mips = rhs.info.resources.levels;
+    const s32 num_mips = std::min(lhs_mips - base->level, rhs_mips);
+    AliasedImage lhs_alias;
+    AliasedImage rhs_alias;
+    lhs_alias.id = rhs_id;
+    rhs_alias.id = lhs_id;
+    lhs_alias.copies.reserve(num_mips);
+    rhs_alias.copies.reserve(num_mips);
+    for (s32 mip_level = 0; mip_level < num_mips; ++mip_level) {
+        Extent3D lhs_size = MipSize(lhs.info.size, base->level + mip_level);
+        Extent3D rhs_size = MipSize(rhs.info.size, mip_level);
+        if (is_lhs_compressed) {
+            lhs_size.width /= lhs_block.width;
+            lhs_size.height /= lhs_block.height;
+        }
+        if (is_rhs_compressed) {
+            rhs_size.width /= rhs_block.width;
+            rhs_size.height /= rhs_block.height;
+        }
+        const Extent3D copy_size{
+            .width = std::min(lhs_size.width, rhs_size.width),
+            .height = std::min(lhs_size.height, rhs_size.height),
+            .depth = std::min(lhs_size.depth, rhs_size.depth),
+        };
+        if (copy_size.width == 0 || copy_size.height == 0) {
+            LOG_WARNING(HW_GPU, "Copy size is smaller than block size. Mip cannot be aliased.");
+            continue;
+        }
+        const bool is_lhs_3d = lhs.info.type == ImageType::e3D;
+        const bool is_rhs_3d = rhs.info.type == ImageType::e3D;
+        const Offset3D lhs_offset{0, 0, 0};
+        const Offset3D rhs_offset{0, 0, is_rhs_3d ? base->layer : 0};
+        const s32 lhs_layers = is_lhs_3d ? 1 : lhs.info.resources.layers - base->layer;
+        const s32 rhs_layers = is_rhs_3d ? 1 : rhs.info.resources.layers;
+        const s32 num_layers = std::min(lhs_layers, rhs_layers);
+        const SubresourceLayers lhs_subresource{
+            .base_level = mip_level,
+            .base_layer = 0,
+            .num_layers = num_layers,
+        };
+        const SubresourceLayers rhs_subresource{
+            .base_level = base->level + mip_level,
+            .base_layer = is_rhs_3d ? 0 : base->layer,
+            .num_layers = num_layers,
+        };
+        [[maybe_unused]] const ImageCopy& to_lhs_copy = lhs_alias.copies.emplace_back(ImageCopy{
+            .src_subresource = lhs_subresource,
+            .dst_subresource = rhs_subresource,
+            .src_offset = lhs_offset,
+            .dst_offset = rhs_offset,
+            .extent = copy_size,
+        });
+        [[maybe_unused]] const ImageCopy& to_rhs_copy = rhs_alias.copies.emplace_back(ImageCopy{
+            .src_subresource = rhs_subresource,
+            .dst_subresource = lhs_subresource,
+            .src_offset = rhs_offset,
+            .dst_offset = lhs_offset,
+            .extent = copy_size,
+        });
+        ASSERT_MSG(ValidateCopy(to_lhs_copy, lhs.info, rhs.info), "Invalid RHS to LHS copy");
+        ASSERT_MSG(ValidateCopy(to_rhs_copy, rhs.info, lhs.info), "Invalid LHS to RHS copy");
+    }
+    ASSERT(lhs_alias.copies.empty() == rhs_alias.copies.empty());
+    if (lhs_alias.copies.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    lhs.aliased_images.push_back(std::move(lhs_alias));
+    rhs.aliased_images.push_back(std::move(rhs_alias));
+}
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_base.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b7f3b7e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/common_funcs.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+enum class ImageFlagBits : u32 {
+    AcceleratedUpload = 1 << 0, ///< Upload can be accelerated in the GPU
+    Converted = 1 << 1,   ///< Guest format is not supported natively and it has to be converted
+    CpuModified = 1 << 2, ///< Contents have been modified from the CPU
+    GpuModified = 1 << 3, ///< Contents have been modified from the GPU
+    Tracked = 1 << 4,     ///< Writes and reads are being hooked from the CPU JIT
+    Strong = 1 << 5,      ///< Exists in the image table, the dimensions are can be trusted
+    Registered = 1 << 6,  ///< True when the image is registered
+    Picked = 1 << 7,      ///< Temporary flag to mark the image as picked
+};
+DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(ImageFlagBits)
+
+struct ImageViewInfo;
+
+struct AliasedImage {
+    std::vector<ImageCopy> copies;
+    ImageId id;
+};
+
+struct ImageBase {
+    explicit ImageBase(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VAddr cpu_addr);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<SubresourceBase> TryFindBase(GPUVAddr other_addr) const noexcept;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageViewId FindView(const ImageViewInfo& view_info) const noexcept;
+
+    void InsertView(const ImageViewInfo& view_info, ImageViewId image_view_id);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool Overlaps(VAddr overlap_cpu_addr, size_t overlap_size) const noexcept {
+        const VAddr overlap_end = overlap_cpu_addr + overlap_size;
+        return cpu_addr < overlap_end && overlap_cpu_addr < cpu_addr_end;
+    }
+
+    ImageInfo info;
+
+    u32 guest_size_bytes = 0;
+    u32 unswizzled_size_bytes = 0;
+    u32 converted_size_bytes = 0;
+    ImageFlagBits flags = ImageFlagBits::CpuModified;
+
+    GPUVAddr gpu_addr = 0;
+    VAddr cpu_addr = 0;
+    VAddr cpu_addr_end = 0;
+
+    u64 modification_tick = 0;
+    u64 frame_tick = 0;
+
+    std::array<u32, MAX_MIP_LEVELS> mip_level_offsets{};
+
+    std::vector<ImageViewInfo> image_view_infos;
+    std::vector<ImageViewId> image_view_ids;
+
+    std::vector<u32> slice_offsets;
+    std::vector<SubresourceBase> slice_subresources;
+
+    std::vector<AliasedImage> aliased_images;
+};
+
+struct ImageAllocBase {
+    std::vector<ImageId> images;
+};
+
+void AddImageAlias(ImageBase& lhs, ImageBase& rhs, ImageId lhs_id, ImageId rhs_id);
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_info.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_info.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64fd7010a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_info.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/samples_helper.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/util.h"
+#include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+using Tegra::Texture::TextureType;
+using Tegra::Texture::TICEntry;
+using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
+
+ImageInfo::ImageInfo(const TICEntry& config) noexcept {
+    format = PixelFormatFromTextureInfo(config.format, config.r_type, config.g_type, config.b_type,
+                                        config.a_type, config.srgb_conversion);
+    num_samples = NumSamples(config.msaa_mode);
+    resources.levels = config.max_mip_level + 1;
+    if (config.IsPitchLinear()) {
+        pitch = config.Pitch();
+    } else if (config.IsBlockLinear()) {
+        block = Extent3D{
+            .width = config.block_width,
+            .height = config.block_height,
+            .depth = config.block_depth,
+        };
+    }
+    tile_width_spacing = config.tile_width_spacing;
+    if (config.texture_type != TextureType::Texture2D &&
+        config.texture_type != TextureType::Texture2DNoMipmap) {
+        ASSERT(!config.IsPitchLinear());
+    }
+    switch (config.texture_type) {
+    case TextureType::Texture1D:
+        ASSERT(config.BaseLayer() == 0);
+        type = ImageType::e1D;
+        size.width = config.Width();
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture1DArray:
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(config.BaseLayer() != 0);
+        type = ImageType::e1D;
+        size.width = config.Width();
+        resources.layers = config.Depth();
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture2D:
+    case TextureType::Texture2DNoMipmap:
+        ASSERT(config.Depth() == 1);
+        type = config.IsPitchLinear() ? ImageType::Linear : ImageType::e2D;
+        size.width = config.Width();
+        size.height = config.Height();
+        resources.layers = config.BaseLayer() + 1;
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture2DArray:
+        type = ImageType::e2D;
+        size.width = config.Width();
+        size.height = config.Height();
+        resources.layers = config.BaseLayer() + config.Depth();
+        break;
+    case TextureType::TextureCubemap:
+        ASSERT(config.Depth() == 1);
+        type = ImageType::e2D;
+        size.width = config.Width();
+        size.height = config.Height();
+        resources.layers = config.BaseLayer() + 6;
+        break;
+    case TextureType::TextureCubeArray:
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(config.load_store_hint != 0);
+        type = ImageType::e2D;
+        size.width = config.Width();
+        size.height = config.Height();
+        resources.layers = config.BaseLayer() + config.Depth() * 6;
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture3D:
+        ASSERT(config.BaseLayer() == 0);
+        type = ImageType::e3D;
+        size.width = config.Width();
+        size.height = config.Height();
+        size.depth = config.Depth();
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture1DBuffer:
+        type = ImageType::Buffer;
+        size.width = config.Width();
+        break;
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid texture_type={}", static_cast<int>(config.texture_type.Value()));
+        break;
+    }
+    if (type != ImageType::Linear) {
+        // FIXME: Call this without passing *this
+        layer_stride = CalculateLayerStride(*this);
+        maybe_unaligned_layer_stride = CalculateLayerSize(*this);
+    }
+}
+
+ImageInfo::ImageInfo(const Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs, size_t index) noexcept {
+    const auto& rt = regs.rt[index];
+    format = VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(rt.format);
+    if (rt.tile_mode.is_pitch_linear) {
+        ASSERT(rt.tile_mode.is_3d == 0);
+        type = ImageType::Linear;
+        pitch = rt.width;
+        size = Extent3D{
+            .width = pitch / BytesPerBlock(format),
+            .height = rt.height,
+            .depth = 1,
+        };
+        return;
+    }
+    size.width = rt.width;
+    size.height = rt.height;
+    layer_stride = rt.layer_stride * 4;
+    maybe_unaligned_layer_stride = layer_stride;
+    num_samples = NumSamples(regs.multisample_mode);
+    block = Extent3D{
+        .width = rt.tile_mode.block_width,
+        .height = rt.tile_mode.block_height,
+        .depth = rt.tile_mode.block_depth,
+    };
+    if (rt.tile_mode.is_3d) {
+        type = ImageType::e3D;
+        size.depth = rt.depth;
+    } else {
+        type = ImageType::e2D;
+        resources.layers = rt.depth;
+    }
+}
+
+ImageInfo::ImageInfo(const Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) noexcept {
+    format = VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromDepthFormat(regs.zeta.format);
+    size.width = regs.zeta_width;
+    size.height = regs.zeta_height;
+    resources.levels = 1;
+    layer_stride = regs.zeta.layer_stride * 4;
+    maybe_unaligned_layer_stride = layer_stride;
+    num_samples = NumSamples(regs.multisample_mode);
+    block = Extent3D{
+        .width = regs.zeta.tile_mode.block_width,
+        .height = regs.zeta.tile_mode.block_height,
+        .depth = regs.zeta.tile_mode.block_depth,
+    };
+    if (regs.zeta.tile_mode.is_pitch_linear) {
+        ASSERT(regs.zeta.tile_mode.is_3d == 0);
+        type = ImageType::Linear;
+        pitch = size.width * BytesPerBlock(format);
+    } else if (regs.zeta.tile_mode.is_3d) {
+        ASSERT(regs.zeta.tile_mode.is_pitch_linear == 0);
+        type = ImageType::e3D;
+        size.depth = regs.zeta_depth;
+    } else {
+        type = ImageType::e2D;
+        resources.layers = regs.zeta_depth;
+    }
+}
+
+ImageInfo::ImageInfo(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& config) noexcept {
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF_MSG(config.layer != 0, "Surface layer is not zero");
+    format = VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(config.format);
+    if (config.linear == Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::MemoryLayout::Pitch) {
+        type = ImageType::Linear;
+        size = Extent3D{
+            .width = config.pitch / VideoCore::Surface::BytesPerBlock(format),
+            .height = config.height,
+            .depth = 1,
+        };
+        pitch = config.pitch;
+    } else {
+        type = config.block_depth > 0 ? ImageType::e3D : ImageType::e2D;
+        block = Extent3D{
+            .width = config.block_width,
+            .height = config.block_height,
+            .depth = config.block_depth,
+        };
+        // 3D blits with more than once slice are not implemented for now
+        // Render to individual slices
+        size = Extent3D{
+            .width = config.width,
+            .height = config.height,
+            .depth = 1,
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5049fc36e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h"
+#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+using Tegra::Texture::TICEntry;
+using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
+
+struct ImageInfo {
+    explicit ImageInfo() = default;
+    explicit ImageInfo(const TICEntry& config) noexcept;
+    explicit ImageInfo(const Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs, size_t index) noexcept;
+    explicit ImageInfo(const Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs& regs) noexcept;
+    explicit ImageInfo(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& config) noexcept;
+
+    PixelFormat format = PixelFormat::Invalid;
+    ImageType type = ImageType::e1D;
+    SubresourceExtent resources;
+    Extent3D size{1, 1, 1};
+    union {
+        Extent3D block{0, 0, 0};
+        u32 pitch;
+    };
+    u32 layer_stride = 0;
+    u32 maybe_unaligned_layer_stride = 0;
+    u32 num_samples = 1;
+    u32 tile_width_spacing = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..076a4bcfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "core/settings.h"
+#include "video_core/compatible_formats.h"
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/formatter.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+ImageViewBase::ImageViewBase(const ImageViewInfo& info, const ImageInfo& image_info,
+                             ImageId image_id_)
+    : image_id{image_id_}, format{info.format}, type{info.type}, range{info.range},
+      size{
+          .width = std::max(image_info.size.width >> range.base.level, 1u),
+          .height = std::max(image_info.size.height >> range.base.level, 1u),
+          .depth = std::max(image_info.size.depth >> range.base.level, 1u),
+      } {
+    ASSERT_MSG(VideoCore::Surface::IsViewCompatible(image_info.format, info.format),
+               "Image view format {} is incompatible with image format {}", info.format,
+               image_info.format);
+    const bool is_async = Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue();
+    if (image_info.type == ImageType::Linear && is_async) {
+        flags |= ImageViewFlagBits::PreemtiveDownload;
+    }
+    if (image_info.type == ImageType::e3D && info.type != ImageViewType::e3D) {
+        flags |= ImageViewFlagBits::Slice;
+    }
+}
+
+ImageViewBase::ImageViewBase(const NullImageParams&) {}
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73954167e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_funcs.h"
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
+
+struct ImageViewInfo;
+struct ImageInfo;
+
+struct NullImageParams {};
+
+enum class ImageViewFlagBits : u16 {
+    PreemtiveDownload = 1 << 0,
+    Strong = 1 << 1,
+    Slice = 1 << 2,
+};
+DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(ImageViewFlagBits)
+
+struct ImageViewBase {
+    explicit ImageViewBase(const ImageViewInfo& info, const ImageInfo& image_info,
+                           ImageId image_id);
+    explicit ImageViewBase(const NullImageParams&);
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsBuffer() const noexcept {
+        return type == ImageViewType::Buffer;
+    }
+
+    ImageId image_id{};
+    PixelFormat format{};
+    ImageViewType type{};
+    SubresourceRange range;
+    Extent3D size{0, 0, 0};
+    ImageViewFlagBits flags{};
+
+    u64 invalidation_tick = 0;
+    u64 modification_tick = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..faf5b151f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#include <limits>
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+#include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr u8 RENDER_TARGET_SWIZZLE = std::numeric_limits<u8>::max();
+
+[[nodiscard]] u8 CastSwizzle(SwizzleSource source) {
+    const u8 casted = static_cast<u8>(source);
+    ASSERT(static_cast<SwizzleSource>(casted) == source);
+    return casted;
+}
+
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+ImageViewInfo::ImageViewInfo(const TICEntry& config, s32 base_layer) noexcept
+    : format{PixelFormatFromTIC(config)}, x_source{CastSwizzle(config.x_source)},
+      y_source{CastSwizzle(config.y_source)}, z_source{CastSwizzle(config.z_source)},
+      w_source{CastSwizzle(config.w_source)} {
+    range.base = SubresourceBase{
+        .level = static_cast<s32>(config.res_min_mip_level),
+        .layer = base_layer,
+    };
+    range.extent.levels = config.res_max_mip_level - config.res_min_mip_level + 1;
+
+    switch (config.texture_type) {
+    case TextureType::Texture1D:
+        ASSERT(config.Height() == 1);
+        ASSERT(config.Depth() == 1);
+        type = ImageViewType::e1D;
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture2D:
+    case TextureType::Texture2DNoMipmap:
+        ASSERT(config.Depth() == 1);
+        type = config.normalized_coords ? ImageViewType::e2D : ImageViewType::Rect;
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture3D:
+        type = ImageViewType::e3D;
+        break;
+    case TextureType::TextureCubemap:
+        ASSERT(config.Depth() == 1);
+        type = ImageViewType::Cube;
+        range.extent.layers = 6;
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture1DArray:
+        type = ImageViewType::e1DArray;
+        range.extent.layers = config.Depth();
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture2DArray:
+        type = ImageViewType::e2DArray;
+        range.extent.layers = config.Depth();
+        break;
+    case TextureType::Texture1DBuffer:
+        type = ImageViewType::Buffer;
+        break;
+    case TextureType::TextureCubeArray:
+        type = ImageViewType::CubeArray;
+        range.extent.layers = config.Depth() * 6;
+        break;
+    default:
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid texture_type={}", static_cast<int>(config.texture_type.Value()));
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+ImageViewInfo::ImageViewInfo(ImageViewType type_, PixelFormat format_,
+                             SubresourceRange range_) noexcept
+    : type{type_}, format{format_}, range{range_}, x_source{RENDER_TARGET_SWIZZLE},
+      y_source{RENDER_TARGET_SWIZZLE}, z_source{RENDER_TARGET_SWIZZLE},
+      w_source{RENDER_TARGET_SWIZZLE} {}
+
+bool ImageViewInfo::IsRenderTarget() const noexcept {
+    return x_source == RENDER_TARGET_SWIZZLE && y_source == RENDER_TARGET_SWIZZLE &&
+           z_source == RENDER_TARGET_SWIZZLE && w_source == RENDER_TARGET_SWIZZLE;
+}
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c1f99117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+#include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+using Tegra::Texture::SwizzleSource;
+using Tegra::Texture::TICEntry;
+using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
+
+/// Properties used to determine a image view
+struct ImageViewInfo {
+    explicit ImageViewInfo() noexcept = default;
+    explicit ImageViewInfo(const TICEntry& config, s32 base_layer) noexcept;
+    explicit ImageViewInfo(ImageViewType type, PixelFormat format,
+                           SubresourceRange range = {}) noexcept;
+
+    auto operator<=>(const ImageViewInfo&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsRenderTarget() const noexcept;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] std::array<SwizzleSource, 4> Swizzle() const noexcept {
+        return std::array{
+            static_cast<SwizzleSource>(x_source),
+            static_cast<SwizzleSource>(y_source),
+            static_cast<SwizzleSource>(z_source),
+            static_cast<SwizzleSource>(w_source),
+        };
+    }
+
+    ImageViewType type{};
+    PixelFormat format{};
+    SubresourceRange range;
+    u8 x_source = static_cast<u8>(SwizzleSource::R);
+    u8 y_source = static_cast<u8>(SwizzleSource::G);
+    u8 z_source = static_cast<u8>(SwizzleSource::B);
+    u8 w_source = static_cast<u8>(SwizzleSource::A);
+};
+static_assert(std::has_unique_object_representations_v<ImageViewInfo>);
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/render_targets.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/render_targets.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b9544b07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/render_targets.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <span>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "common/bit_cast.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+/// Framebuffer properties used to lookup a framebuffer
+struct RenderTargets {
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const RenderTargets&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    constexpr bool Contains(std::span<const ImageViewId> elements) const noexcept {
+        const auto contains = [elements](ImageViewId item) {
+            return std::ranges::find(elements, item) != elements.end();
+        };
+        return std::ranges::any_of(color_buffer_ids, contains) || contains(depth_buffer_id);
+    }
+
+    std::array<ImageViewId, NUM_RT> color_buffer_ids;
+    ImageViewId depth_buffer_id;
+    std::array<u8, NUM_RT> draw_buffers{};
+    Extent2D size;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
+
+namespace std {
+
+template <>
+struct hash<VideoCommon::RenderTargets> {
+    size_t operator()(const VideoCommon::RenderTargets& rt) const noexcept {
+        using VideoCommon::ImageViewId;
+        size_t value = std::hash<ImageViewId>{}(rt.depth_buffer_id);
+        for (const ImageViewId color_buffer_id : rt.color_buffer_ids) {
+            value ^= std::hash<ImageViewId>{}(color_buffer_id);
+        }
+        value ^= Common::BitCast<u64>(rt.draw_buffers);
+        value ^= Common::BitCast<u64>(rt.size);
+        return value;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace std
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/samples_helper.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/samples_helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04539a43c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/samples_helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline std::pair<int, int> SamplesLog2(int num_samples) {
+    switch (num_samples) {
+    case 1:
+        return {0, 0};
+    case 2:
+        return {1, 0};
+    case 4:
+        return {1, 1};
+    case 8:
+        return {2, 1};
+    case 16:
+        return {2, 2};
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid number of samples={}", num_samples);
+    return {1, 1};
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] inline int NumSamples(Tegra::Texture::MsaaMode msaa_mode) {
+    using Tegra::Texture::MsaaMode;
+    switch (msaa_mode) {
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa1x1:
+        return 1;
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa2x1:
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa2x1_D3D:
+        return 2;
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa2x2:
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa2x2_VC4:
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa2x2_VC12:
+        return 4;
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa4x2:
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa4x2_D3D:
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa4x2_VC8:
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa4x2_VC24:
+        return 8;
+    case MsaaMode::Msaa4x4:
+        return 16;
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid MSAA mode={}", static_cast<int>(msaa_mode));
+    return 1;
+}
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eae3be6ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <concepts>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+struct SlotId {
+    static constexpr u32 INVALID_INDEX = std::numeric_limits<u32>::max();
+
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const SlotId&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+        return index != INVALID_INDEX;
+    }
+
+    u32 index = INVALID_INDEX;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+requires std::is_nothrow_move_assignable_v<T>&&
+    std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T> class SlotVector {
+public:
+    ~SlotVector() noexcept {
+        size_t index = 0;
+        for (u64 bits : stored_bitset) {
+            for (size_t bit = 0; bits; ++bit, bits >>= 1) {
+                if ((bits & 1) != 0) {
+                    values[index + bit].object.~T();
+                }
+            }
+            index += 64;
+        }
+        delete[] values;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] T& operator[](SlotId id) noexcept {
+        ValidateIndex(id);
+        return values[id.index].object;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] const T& operator[](SlotId id) const noexcept {
+        ValidateIndex(id);
+        return values[id.index].object;
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    [[nodiscard]] SlotId insert(Args&&... args) noexcept {
+        const u32 index = FreeValueIndex();
+        new (&values[index].object) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        SetStorageBit(index);
+
+        return SlotId{index};
+    }
+
+    void erase(SlotId id) noexcept {
+        values[id.index].object.~T();
+        free_list.push_back(id.index);
+        ResetStorageBit(id.index);
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct NonTrivialDummy {
+        NonTrivialDummy() noexcept {}
+    };
+
+    union Entry {
+        Entry() noexcept : dummy{} {}
+        ~Entry() noexcept {}
+
+        NonTrivialDummy dummy;
+        T object;
+    };
+
+    void SetStorageBit(u32 index) noexcept {
+        stored_bitset[index / 64] |= u64(1) << (index % 64);
+    }
+
+    void ResetStorageBit(u32 index) noexcept {
+        stored_bitset[index / 64] &= ~(u64(1) << (index % 64));
+    }
+
+    bool ReadStorageBit(u32 index) noexcept {
+        return ((stored_bitset[index / 64] >> (index % 64)) & 1) != 0;
+    }
+
+    void ValidateIndex(SlotId id) const noexcept {
+        DEBUG_ASSERT(id);
+        DEBUG_ASSERT(id.index / 64 < stored_bitset.size());
+        DEBUG_ASSERT(((stored_bitset[id.index / 64] >> (id.index % 64)) & 1) != 0);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] u32 FreeValueIndex() noexcept {
+        if (free_list.empty()) {
+            Reserve(values_capacity ? (values_capacity << 1) : 1);
+        }
+        const u32 free_index = free_list.back();
+        free_list.pop_back();
+        return free_index;
+    }
+
+    void Reserve(size_t new_capacity) noexcept {
+        Entry* const new_values = new Entry[new_capacity];
+        size_t index = 0;
+        for (u64 bits : stored_bitset) {
+            for (size_t bit = 0; bits; ++bit, bits >>= 1) {
+                const size_t i = index + bit;
+                if ((bits & 1) == 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                T& old_value = values[i].object;
+                new (&new_values[i].object) T(std::move(old_value));
+                old_value.~T();
+            }
+            index += 64;
+        }
+
+        stored_bitset.resize((new_capacity + 63) / 64);
+
+        const size_t old_free_size = free_list.size();
+        free_list.resize(old_free_size + (new_capacity - values_capacity));
+        std::iota(free_list.begin() + old_free_size, free_list.end(),
+                  static_cast<u32>(values_capacity));
+
+        delete[] values;
+        values = new_values;
+        values_capacity = new_capacity;
+    }
+
+    Entry* values = nullptr;
+    size_t values_capacity = 0;
+    size_t values_size = 0;
+
+    std::vector<u64> stored_bitset;
+    std::vector<u32> free_list;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
+
+template <>
+struct std::hash<VideoCommon::SlotId> {
+    size_t operator()(const VideoCommon::SlotId& id) const noexcept {
+        return std::hash<u32>{}(id.index);
+    }
+};
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index efbcf6723..000000000
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,299 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include "common/algorithm.h"
-#include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "common/microprofile.h"
-#include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h"
-#include "video_core/textures/convert.h"
-
-namespace VideoCommon {
-
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(GPU_Load_Texture, "GPU", "Texture Load", MP_RGB(128, 192, 128));
-MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(GPU_Flush_Texture, "GPU", "Texture Flush", MP_RGB(128, 192, 128));
-
-using Tegra::Texture::ConvertFromGuestToHost;
-using VideoCore::MortonSwizzleMode;
-using VideoCore::Surface::IsPixelFormatASTC;
-using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
-
-StagingCache::StagingCache() = default;
-
-StagingCache::~StagingCache() = default;
-
-SurfaceBaseImpl::SurfaceBaseImpl(GPUVAddr gpu_addr_, const SurfaceParams& params_,
-                                 bool is_astc_supported_)
-    : params{params_}, gpu_addr{gpu_addr_}, mipmap_sizes(params_.num_levels),
-      mipmap_offsets(params.num_levels) {
-    is_converted = IsPixelFormatASTC(params.pixel_format) && !is_astc_supported_;
-    host_memory_size = params.GetHostSizeInBytes(is_converted);
-
-    std::size_t offset = 0;
-    for (u32 level = 0; level < params.num_levels; ++level) {
-        const std::size_t mipmap_size{params.GetGuestMipmapSize(level)};
-        mipmap_sizes[level] = mipmap_size;
-        mipmap_offsets[level] = offset;
-        offset += mipmap_size;
-    }
-    layer_size = offset;
-    if (params.is_layered) {
-        if (params.is_tiled) {
-            layer_size =
-                SurfaceParams::AlignLayered(layer_size, params.block_height, params.block_depth);
-        }
-        guest_memory_size = layer_size * params.depth;
-    } else {
-        guest_memory_size = layer_size;
-    }
-}
-
-MatchTopologyResult SurfaceBaseImpl::MatchesTopology(const SurfaceParams& rhs) const {
-    const u32 src_bpp{params.GetBytesPerPixel()};
-    const u32 dst_bpp{rhs.GetBytesPerPixel()};
-    const bool ib1 = params.IsBuffer();
-    const bool ib2 = rhs.IsBuffer();
-    if (std::tie(src_bpp, params.is_tiled, ib1) == std::tie(dst_bpp, rhs.is_tiled, ib2)) {
-        const bool cb1 = params.IsCompressed();
-        const bool cb2 = rhs.IsCompressed();
-        if (cb1 == cb2) {
-            return MatchTopologyResult::FullMatch;
-        }
-        return MatchTopologyResult::CompressUnmatch;
-    }
-    return MatchTopologyResult::None;
-}
-
-MatchStructureResult SurfaceBaseImpl::MatchesStructure(const SurfaceParams& rhs) const {
-    // Buffer surface Check
-    if (params.IsBuffer()) {
-        const std::size_t wd1 = params.width * params.GetBytesPerPixel();
-        const std::size_t wd2 = rhs.width * rhs.GetBytesPerPixel();
-        if (wd1 == wd2) {
-            return MatchStructureResult::FullMatch;
-        }
-        return MatchStructureResult::None;
-    }
-
-    // Linear Surface check
-    if (!params.is_tiled) {
-        if (std::tie(params.height, params.pitch) == std::tie(rhs.height, rhs.pitch)) {
-            if (params.width == rhs.width) {
-                return MatchStructureResult::FullMatch;
-            } else {
-                return MatchStructureResult::SemiMatch;
-            }
-        }
-        return MatchStructureResult::None;
-    }
-
-    // Tiled Surface check
-    if (std::tie(params.depth, params.block_width, params.block_height, params.block_depth,
-                 params.tile_width_spacing, params.num_levels) ==
-        std::tie(rhs.depth, rhs.block_width, rhs.block_height, rhs.block_depth,
-                 rhs.tile_width_spacing, rhs.num_levels)) {
-        if (std::tie(params.width, params.height) == std::tie(rhs.width, rhs.height)) {
-            return MatchStructureResult::FullMatch;
-        }
-        const u32 ws = SurfaceParams::ConvertWidth(rhs.GetBlockAlignedWidth(), params.pixel_format,
-                                                   rhs.pixel_format);
-        const u32 hs =
-            SurfaceParams::ConvertHeight(rhs.height, params.pixel_format, rhs.pixel_format);
-        const u32 w1 = params.GetBlockAlignedWidth();
-        if (std::tie(w1, params.height) == std::tie(ws, hs)) {
-            return MatchStructureResult::SemiMatch;
-        }
-    }
-    return MatchStructureResult::None;
-}
-
-std::optional<std::pair<u32, u32>> SurfaceBaseImpl::GetLayerMipmap(
-    const GPUVAddr candidate_gpu_addr) const {
-    if (gpu_addr == candidate_gpu_addr) {
-        return {{0, 0}};
-    }
-
-    if (candidate_gpu_addr < gpu_addr) {
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    const auto relative_address{static_cast<GPUVAddr>(candidate_gpu_addr - gpu_addr)};
-    const auto layer{static_cast<u32>(relative_address / layer_size)};
-    if (layer >= params.depth) {
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    const GPUVAddr mipmap_address = relative_address - layer_size * layer;
-    const auto mipmap_it =
-        Common::BinaryFind(mipmap_offsets.begin(), mipmap_offsets.end(), mipmap_address);
-    if (mipmap_it == mipmap_offsets.end()) {
-        return std::nullopt;
-    }
-
-    const auto level{static_cast<u32>(std::distance(mipmap_offsets.begin(), mipmap_it))};
-    return std::make_pair(layer, level);
-}
-
-std::vector<CopyParams> SurfaceBaseImpl::BreakDownLayered(const SurfaceParams& in_params) const {
-    const u32 layers{params.depth};
-    const u32 mipmaps{params.num_levels};
-    std::vector<CopyParams> result;
-    result.reserve(static_cast<std::size_t>(layers) * static_cast<std::size_t>(mipmaps));
-
-    for (u32 layer = 0; layer < layers; layer++) {
-        for (u32 level = 0; level < mipmaps; level++) {
-            const u32 width = SurfaceParams::IntersectWidth(params, in_params, level, level);
-            const u32 height = SurfaceParams::IntersectHeight(params, in_params, level, level);
-            result.emplace_back(0, 0, layer, 0, 0, layer, level, level, width, height, 1);
-        }
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-std::vector<CopyParams> SurfaceBaseImpl::BreakDownNonLayered(const SurfaceParams& in_params) const {
-    const u32 mipmaps{params.num_levels};
-    std::vector<CopyParams> result;
-    result.reserve(mipmaps);
-
-    for (u32 level = 0; level < mipmaps; level++) {
-        const u32 width = SurfaceParams::IntersectWidth(params, in_params, level, level);
-        const u32 height = SurfaceParams::IntersectHeight(params, in_params, level, level);
-        const u32 depth{std::min(params.GetMipDepth(level), in_params.GetMipDepth(level))};
-        result.emplace_back(width, height, depth, level);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-void SurfaceBaseImpl::SwizzleFunc(MortonSwizzleMode mode, u8* memory,
-                                  const SurfaceParams& surface_params, u8* buffer, u32 level) {
-    const u32 width{surface_params.GetMipWidth(level)};
-    const u32 height{surface_params.GetMipHeight(level)};
-    const u32 block_height{surface_params.GetMipBlockHeight(level)};
-    const u32 block_depth{surface_params.GetMipBlockDepth(level)};
-
-    std::size_t guest_offset{mipmap_offsets[level]};
-    if (surface_params.is_layered) {
-        std::size_t host_offset = 0;
-        const std::size_t guest_stride = layer_size;
-        const std::size_t host_stride = surface_params.GetHostLayerSize(level);
-        for (u32 layer = 0; layer < surface_params.depth; ++layer) {
-            MortonSwizzle(mode, surface_params.pixel_format, width, block_height, height,
-                          block_depth, 1, surface_params.tile_width_spacing, buffer + host_offset,
-                          memory + guest_offset);
-            guest_offset += guest_stride;
-            host_offset += host_stride;
-        }
-    } else {
-        MortonSwizzle(mode, surface_params.pixel_format, width, block_height, height, block_depth,
-                      surface_params.GetMipDepth(level), surface_params.tile_width_spacing, buffer,
-                      memory + guest_offset);
-    }
-}
-
-void SurfaceBaseImpl::LoadBuffer(Tegra::MemoryManager& memory_manager,
-                                 StagingCache& staging_cache) {
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(GPU_Load_Texture);
-    auto& staging_buffer = staging_cache.GetBuffer(0);
-    u8* host_ptr;
-    // Use an extra temporal buffer
-    auto& tmp_buffer = staging_cache.GetBuffer(1);
-    tmp_buffer.resize(guest_memory_size);
-    host_ptr = tmp_buffer.data();
-    memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, host_ptr, guest_memory_size);
-
-    if (params.is_tiled) {
-        ASSERT_MSG(params.block_width == 0, "Block width is defined as {} on texture target {}",
-                   params.block_width, static_cast<u32>(params.target));
-        for (u32 level = 0; level < params.num_levels; ++level) {
-            const std::size_t host_offset{params.GetHostMipmapLevelOffset(level, false)};
-            SwizzleFunc(MortonSwizzleMode::MortonToLinear, host_ptr, params,
-                        staging_buffer.data() + host_offset, level);
-        }
-    } else {
-        ASSERT_MSG(params.num_levels == 1, "Linear mipmap loading is not implemented");
-        const u32 bpp{params.GetBytesPerPixel()};
-        const u32 block_width{params.GetDefaultBlockWidth()};
-        const u32 block_height{params.GetDefaultBlockHeight()};
-        const u32 width{(params.width + block_width - 1) / block_width};
-        const u32 height{(params.height + block_height - 1) / block_height};
-        const u32 copy_size{width * bpp};
-        if (params.pitch == copy_size) {
-            std::memcpy(staging_buffer.data(), host_ptr, params.GetHostSizeInBytes(false));
-        } else {
-            const u8* start{host_ptr};
-            u8* write_to{staging_buffer.data()};
-            for (u32 h = height; h > 0; --h) {
-                std::memcpy(write_to, start, copy_size);
-                start += params.pitch;
-                write_to += copy_size;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!is_converted && params.pixel_format != PixelFormat::S8_UINT_D24_UNORM) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    for (u32 level = params.num_levels; level--;) {
-        const std::size_t in_host_offset{params.GetHostMipmapLevelOffset(level, false)};
-        const std::size_t out_host_offset{params.GetHostMipmapLevelOffset(level, is_converted)};
-        u8* const in_buffer = staging_buffer.data() + in_host_offset;
-        u8* const out_buffer = staging_buffer.data() + out_host_offset;
-        ConvertFromGuestToHost(in_buffer, out_buffer, params.pixel_format,
-                               params.GetMipWidth(level), params.GetMipHeight(level),
-                               params.GetMipDepth(level), true, true);
-    }
-}
-
-void SurfaceBaseImpl::FlushBuffer(Tegra::MemoryManager& memory_manager,
-                                  StagingCache& staging_cache) {
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(GPU_Flush_Texture);
-    auto& staging_buffer = staging_cache.GetBuffer(0);
-    u8* host_ptr;
-
-    // Use an extra temporal buffer
-    auto& tmp_buffer = staging_cache.GetBuffer(1);
-    tmp_buffer.resize(guest_memory_size);
-    host_ptr = tmp_buffer.data();
-
-    if (params.target == SurfaceTarget::Texture3D) {
-        // Special case for 3D texture segments
-        memory_manager.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, host_ptr, guest_memory_size);
-    }
-
-    if (params.is_tiled) {
-        ASSERT_MSG(params.block_width == 0, "Block width is defined as {}", params.block_width);
-        for (u32 level = 0; level < params.num_levels; ++level) {
-            const std::size_t host_offset{params.GetHostMipmapLevelOffset(level, false)};
-            SwizzleFunc(MortonSwizzleMode::LinearToMorton, host_ptr, params,
-                        staging_buffer.data() + host_offset, level);
-        }
-    } else if (params.IsBuffer()) {
-        // Buffers don't have pitch or any fancy layout property. We can just memcpy them to guest
-        // memory.
-        std::memcpy(host_ptr, staging_buffer.data(), guest_memory_size);
-    } else {
-        ASSERT(params.target == SurfaceTarget::Texture2D);
-        ASSERT(params.num_levels == 1);
-
-        const u32 bpp{params.GetBytesPerPixel()};
-        const u32 copy_size{params.width * bpp};
-        if (params.pitch == copy_size) {
-            std::memcpy(host_ptr, staging_buffer.data(), guest_memory_size);
-        } else {
-            u8* start{host_ptr};
-            const u8* read_to{staging_buffer.data()};
-            for (u32 h = params.height; h > 0; --h) {
-                std::memcpy(start, read_to, copy_size);
-                start += params.pitch;
-                read_to += copy_size;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    memory_manager.WriteBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, host_ptr, guest_memory_size);
-}
-
-} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h
deleted file mode 100644
index b57135fe4..000000000
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,333 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <optional>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "video_core/gpu.h"
-#include "video_core/morton.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/copy_params.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h"
-
-namespace Tegra {
-class MemoryManager;
-}
-
-namespace VideoCommon {
-
-using VideoCore::MortonSwizzleMode;
-using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget;
-
-enum class MatchStructureResult : u32 {
-    FullMatch = 0,
-    SemiMatch = 1,
-    None = 2,
-};
-
-enum class MatchTopologyResult : u32 {
-    FullMatch = 0,
-    CompressUnmatch = 1,
-    None = 2,
-};
-
-class StagingCache {
-public:
-    explicit StagingCache();
-    ~StagingCache();
-
-    std::vector<u8>& GetBuffer(std::size_t index) {
-        return staging_buffer[index];
-    }
-
-    const std::vector<u8>& GetBuffer(std::size_t index) const {
-        return staging_buffer[index];
-    }
-
-    void SetSize(std::size_t size) {
-        staging_buffer.resize(size);
-    }
-
-private:
-    std::vector<std::vector<u8>> staging_buffer;
-};
-
-class SurfaceBaseImpl {
-public:
-    void LoadBuffer(Tegra::MemoryManager& memory_manager, StagingCache& staging_cache);
-
-    void FlushBuffer(Tegra::MemoryManager& memory_manager, StagingCache& staging_cache);
-
-    GPUVAddr GetGpuAddr() const {
-        return gpu_addr;
-    }
-
-    bool Overlaps(const VAddr start, const VAddr end) const {
-        return (cpu_addr < end) && (cpu_addr_end > start);
-    }
-
-    bool IsInside(const GPUVAddr other_start, const GPUVAddr other_end) const {
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr_end = gpu_addr + guest_memory_size;
-        return gpu_addr <= other_start && other_end <= gpu_addr_end;
-    }
-
-    // Use only when recycling a surface
-    void SetGpuAddr(const GPUVAddr new_addr) {
-        gpu_addr = new_addr;
-    }
-
-    VAddr GetCpuAddr() const {
-        return cpu_addr;
-    }
-
-    VAddr GetCpuAddrEnd() const {
-        return cpu_addr_end;
-    }
-
-    void SetCpuAddr(const VAddr new_addr) {
-        cpu_addr = new_addr;
-        cpu_addr_end = new_addr + guest_memory_size;
-    }
-
-    const SurfaceParams& GetSurfaceParams() const {
-        return params;
-    }
-
-    std::size_t GetSizeInBytes() const {
-        return guest_memory_size;
-    }
-
-    std::size_t GetHostSizeInBytes() const {
-        return host_memory_size;
-    }
-
-    std::size_t GetMipmapSize(const u32 level) const {
-        return mipmap_sizes[level];
-    }
-
-    bool IsLinear() const {
-        return !params.is_tiled;
-    }
-
-    bool IsConverted() const {
-        return is_converted;
-    }
-
-    bool MatchFormat(VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat pixel_format) const {
-        return params.pixel_format == pixel_format;
-    }
-
-    VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat GetFormat() const {
-        return params.pixel_format;
-    }
-
-    bool MatchTarget(VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget target) const {
-        return params.target == target;
-    }
-
-    MatchTopologyResult MatchesTopology(const SurfaceParams& rhs) const;
-
-    MatchStructureResult MatchesStructure(const SurfaceParams& rhs) const;
-
-    bool MatchesSubTexture(const SurfaceParams& rhs, const GPUVAddr other_gpu_addr) const {
-        return std::tie(gpu_addr, params.target, params.num_levels) ==
-                   std::tie(other_gpu_addr, rhs.target, rhs.num_levels) &&
-               params.target == SurfaceTarget::Texture2D && params.num_levels == 1;
-    }
-
-    std::optional<std::pair<u32, u32>> GetLayerMipmap(const GPUVAddr candidate_gpu_addr) const;
-
-    std::vector<CopyParams> BreakDown(const SurfaceParams& in_params) const {
-        return params.is_layered ? BreakDownLayered(in_params) : BreakDownNonLayered(in_params);
-    }
-
-protected:
-    explicit SurfaceBaseImpl(GPUVAddr gpu_addr_, const SurfaceParams& params_,
-                             bool is_astc_supported_);
-    ~SurfaceBaseImpl() = default;
-
-    virtual void DecorateSurfaceName() = 0;
-
-    const SurfaceParams params;
-    std::size_t layer_size;
-    std::size_t guest_memory_size;
-    std::size_t host_memory_size;
-    GPUVAddr gpu_addr{};
-    VAddr cpu_addr{};
-    VAddr cpu_addr_end{};
-    bool is_converted{};
-
-    std::vector<std::size_t> mipmap_sizes;
-    std::vector<std::size_t> mipmap_offsets;
-
-private:
-    void SwizzleFunc(MortonSwizzleMode mode, u8* memory, const SurfaceParams& surface_params,
-                     u8* buffer, u32 level);
-
-    std::vector<CopyParams> BreakDownLayered(const SurfaceParams& in_params) const;
-
-    std::vector<CopyParams> BreakDownNonLayered(const SurfaceParams& in_params) const;
-};
-
-template <typename TView>
-class SurfaceBase : public SurfaceBaseImpl {
-public:
-    virtual void UploadTexture(const std::vector<u8>& staging_buffer) = 0;
-
-    virtual void DownloadTexture(std::vector<u8>& staging_buffer) = 0;
-
-    void MarkAsModified(bool is_modified_, u64 tick) {
-        is_modified = is_modified_ || is_target;
-        modification_tick = tick;
-    }
-
-    void MarkAsRenderTarget(bool is_target_, u32 index_) {
-        is_target = is_target_;
-        index = index_;
-    }
-
-    void SetMemoryMarked(bool is_memory_marked_) {
-        is_memory_marked = is_memory_marked_;
-    }
-
-    bool IsMemoryMarked() const {
-        return is_memory_marked;
-    }
-
-    void SetSyncPending(bool is_sync_pending_) {
-        is_sync_pending = is_sync_pending_;
-    }
-
-    bool IsSyncPending() const {
-        return is_sync_pending;
-    }
-
-    void MarkAsPicked(bool is_picked_) {
-        is_picked = is_picked_;
-    }
-
-    bool IsModified() const {
-        return is_modified;
-    }
-
-    bool IsProtected() const {
-        // Only 3D slices are to be protected
-        return is_target && params.target == SurfaceTarget::Texture3D;
-    }
-
-    bool IsRenderTarget() const {
-        return is_target;
-    }
-
-    u32 GetRenderTarget() const {
-        return index;
-    }
-
-    bool IsRegistered() const {
-        return is_registered;
-    }
-
-    bool IsPicked() const {
-        return is_picked;
-    }
-
-    void MarkAsRegistered(bool is_reg) {
-        is_registered = is_reg;
-    }
-
-    u64 GetModificationTick() const {
-        return modification_tick;
-    }
-
-    TView EmplaceOverview(const SurfaceParams& overview_params) {
-        const u32 num_layers{(params.is_layered && !overview_params.is_layered) ? 1 : params.depth};
-        return GetView(ViewParams(overview_params.target, 0, num_layers, 0, params.num_levels));
-    }
-
-    TView Emplace3DView(u32 slice, u32 depth, u32 base_level, u32 num_levels) {
-        return GetView(ViewParams(VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget::Texture3D, slice, depth,
-                                  base_level, num_levels));
-    }
-
-    std::optional<TView> EmplaceIrregularView(const SurfaceParams& view_params,
-                                              const GPUVAddr view_addr,
-                                              const std::size_t candidate_size, const u32 mipmap,
-                                              const u32 layer) {
-        const auto layer_mipmap{GetLayerMipmap(view_addr + candidate_size)};
-        if (!layer_mipmap) {
-            return {};
-        }
-        const auto [end_layer, end_mipmap] = *layer_mipmap;
-        if (layer != end_layer) {
-            if (mipmap == 0 && end_mipmap == 0) {
-                return GetView(ViewParams(view_params.target, layer, end_layer - layer, 0, 1));
-            }
-            return {};
-        } else {
-            return GetView(ViewParams(view_params.target, layer, 1, mipmap, end_mipmap - mipmap));
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::optional<TView> EmplaceView(const SurfaceParams& view_params, const GPUVAddr view_addr,
-                                     const std::size_t candidate_size) {
-        if (params.target == SurfaceTarget::Texture3D ||
-            view_params.target == SurfaceTarget::Texture3D ||
-            (params.num_levels == 1 && !params.is_layered)) {
-            return {};
-        }
-        const auto layer_mipmap{GetLayerMipmap(view_addr)};
-        if (!layer_mipmap) {
-            return {};
-        }
-        const auto [layer, mipmap] = *layer_mipmap;
-        if (GetMipmapSize(mipmap) != candidate_size) {
-            return EmplaceIrregularView(view_params, view_addr, candidate_size, mipmap, layer);
-        }
-        return GetView(ViewParams(view_params.target, layer, 1, mipmap, 1));
-    }
-
-    TView GetMainView() const {
-        return main_view;
-    }
-
-protected:
-    explicit SurfaceBase(const GPUVAddr gpu_addr_, const SurfaceParams& params_,
-                         bool is_astc_supported_)
-        : SurfaceBaseImpl{gpu_addr_, params_, is_astc_supported_} {}
-
-    ~SurfaceBase() = default;
-
-    virtual TView CreateView(const ViewParams& view_key) = 0;
-
-    TView main_view;
-    std::unordered_map<ViewParams, TView> views;
-
-private:
-    TView GetView(const ViewParams& key) {
-        const auto [entry, is_cache_miss] = views.try_emplace(key);
-        auto& view{entry->second};
-        if (is_cache_miss) {
-            view = CreateView(key);
-        }
-        return view;
-    }
-
-    static constexpr u32 NO_RT = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-
-    bool is_modified{};
-    bool is_target{};
-    bool is_registered{};
-    bool is_picked{};
-    bool is_memory_marked{};
-    bool is_sync_pending{};
-    u32 index{NO_RT};
-    u64 modification_tick{};
-};
-
-} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 96f93246d..000000000
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,445 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <string>
-#include <tuple>
-
-#include "common/alignment.h"
-#include "common/bit_util.h"
-#include "core/core.h"
-#include "video_core/engines/shader_bytecode.h"
-#include "video_core/surface.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h"
-
-namespace VideoCommon {
-
-using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
-using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromDepthFormat;
-using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat;
-using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget;
-using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTargetFromTextureType;
-using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType;
-
-namespace {
-
-SurfaceTarget TextureTypeToSurfaceTarget(Tegra::Shader::TextureType type, bool is_array) {
-    switch (type) {
-    case Tegra::Shader::TextureType::Texture1D:
-        return is_array ? SurfaceTarget::Texture1DArray : SurfaceTarget::Texture1D;
-    case Tegra::Shader::TextureType::Texture2D:
-        return is_array ? SurfaceTarget::Texture2DArray : SurfaceTarget::Texture2D;
-    case Tegra::Shader::TextureType::Texture3D:
-        ASSERT(!is_array);
-        return SurfaceTarget::Texture3D;
-    case Tegra::Shader::TextureType::TextureCube:
-        return is_array ? SurfaceTarget::TextureCubeArray : SurfaceTarget::TextureCubemap;
-    default:
-        UNREACHABLE();
-        return SurfaceTarget::Texture2D;
-    }
-}
-
-SurfaceTarget ImageTypeToSurfaceTarget(Tegra::Shader::ImageType type) {
-    switch (type) {
-    case Tegra::Shader::ImageType::Texture1D:
-        return SurfaceTarget::Texture1D;
-    case Tegra::Shader::ImageType::TextureBuffer:
-        return SurfaceTarget::TextureBuffer;
-    case Tegra::Shader::ImageType::Texture1DArray:
-        return SurfaceTarget::Texture1DArray;
-    case Tegra::Shader::ImageType::Texture2D:
-        return SurfaceTarget::Texture2D;
-    case Tegra::Shader::ImageType::Texture2DArray:
-        return SurfaceTarget::Texture2DArray;
-    case Tegra::Shader::ImageType::Texture3D:
-        return SurfaceTarget::Texture3D;
-    default:
-        UNREACHABLE();
-        return SurfaceTarget::Texture2D;
-    }
-}
-
-constexpr u32 GetMipmapSize(bool uncompressed, u32 mip_size, u32 tile) {
-    return uncompressed ? mip_size : std::max(1U, (mip_size + tile - 1) / tile);
-}
-
-} // Anonymous namespace
-
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForTexture(const FormatLookupTable& lookup_table,
-                                              const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& tic,
-                                              const VideoCommon::Shader::Sampler& entry) {
-    SurfaceParams params;
-    params.is_tiled = tic.IsTiled();
-    params.srgb_conversion = tic.IsSrgbConversionEnabled();
-    params.block_width = params.is_tiled ? tic.BlockWidth() : 0;
-    params.block_height = params.is_tiled ? tic.BlockHeight() : 0;
-    params.block_depth = params.is_tiled ? tic.BlockDepth() : 0;
-    params.tile_width_spacing = params.is_tiled ? (1 << tic.tile_width_spacing.Value()) : 1;
-    params.pixel_format = lookup_table.GetPixelFormat(
-        tic.format, params.srgb_conversion, tic.r_type, tic.g_type, tic.b_type, tic.a_type);
-    params.type = GetFormatType(params.pixel_format);
-    if (entry.is_shadow && params.type == SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
-        switch (params.pixel_format) {
-        case PixelFormat::R16_UNORM:
-        case PixelFormat::R16_FLOAT:
-            params.pixel_format = PixelFormat::D16_UNORM;
-            break;
-        case PixelFormat::R32_FLOAT:
-            params.pixel_format = PixelFormat::D32_FLOAT;
-            break;
-        default:
-            UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented shadow convert format: {}",
-                              static_cast<u32>(params.pixel_format));
-        }
-        params.type = GetFormatType(params.pixel_format);
-    }
-    // TODO: on 1DBuffer we should use the tic info.
-    if (tic.IsBuffer()) {
-        params.target = SurfaceTarget::TextureBuffer;
-        params.width = tic.Width();
-        params.pitch = params.width * params.GetBytesPerPixel();
-        params.height = 1;
-        params.depth = 1;
-        params.num_levels = 1;
-        params.emulated_levels = 1;
-        params.is_layered = false;
-    } else {
-        params.target = TextureTypeToSurfaceTarget(entry.type, entry.is_array);
-        params.width = tic.Width();
-        params.height = tic.Height();
-        params.depth = tic.Depth();
-        params.pitch = params.is_tiled ? 0 : tic.Pitch();
-        if (params.target == SurfaceTarget::TextureCubemap ||
-            params.target == SurfaceTarget::TextureCubeArray) {
-            params.depth *= 6;
-        }
-        params.num_levels = tic.max_mip_level + 1;
-        params.emulated_levels = std::min(params.num_levels, params.MaxPossibleMipmap());
-        params.is_layered = params.IsLayered();
-    }
-    return params;
-}
-
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForImage(const FormatLookupTable& lookup_table,
-                                            const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& tic,
-                                            const VideoCommon::Shader::Image& entry) {
-    SurfaceParams params;
-    params.is_tiled = tic.IsTiled();
-    params.srgb_conversion = tic.IsSrgbConversionEnabled();
-    params.block_width = params.is_tiled ? tic.BlockWidth() : 0;
-    params.block_height = params.is_tiled ? tic.BlockHeight() : 0;
-    params.block_depth = params.is_tiled ? tic.BlockDepth() : 0;
-    params.tile_width_spacing = params.is_tiled ? (1 << tic.tile_width_spacing.Value()) : 1;
-    params.pixel_format = lookup_table.GetPixelFormat(
-        tic.format, params.srgb_conversion, tic.r_type, tic.g_type, tic.b_type, tic.a_type);
-    params.type = GetFormatType(params.pixel_format);
-    params.target = ImageTypeToSurfaceTarget(entry.type);
-    // TODO: on 1DBuffer we should use the tic info.
-    if (tic.IsBuffer()) {
-        params.target = SurfaceTarget::TextureBuffer;
-        params.width = tic.Width();
-        params.pitch = params.width * params.GetBytesPerPixel();
-        params.height = 1;
-        params.depth = 1;
-        params.num_levels = 1;
-        params.emulated_levels = 1;
-        params.is_layered = false;
-    } else {
-        params.width = tic.Width();
-        params.height = tic.Height();
-        params.depth = tic.Depth();
-        params.pitch = params.is_tiled ? 0 : tic.Pitch();
-        if (params.target == SurfaceTarget::TextureCubemap ||
-            params.target == SurfaceTarget::TextureCubeArray) {
-            params.depth *= 6;
-        }
-        params.num_levels = tic.max_mip_level + 1;
-        params.emulated_levels = std::min(params.num_levels, params.MaxPossibleMipmap());
-        params.is_layered = params.IsLayered();
-    }
-    return params;
-}
-
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d) {
-    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
-    const auto block_depth = std::min(regs.zeta.memory_layout.block_depth.Value(), 5U);
-    const bool is_layered = regs.zeta_layers > 1 && block_depth == 0;
-    const auto pixel_format = PixelFormatFromDepthFormat(regs.zeta.format);
-    return {
-        .is_tiled = regs.zeta.memory_layout.type ==
-                    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::InvMemoryLayout::BlockLinear,
-        .srgb_conversion = false,
-        .is_layered = is_layered,
-        .block_width = std::min(regs.zeta.memory_layout.block_width.Value(), 5U),
-        .block_height = std::min(regs.zeta.memory_layout.block_height.Value(), 5U),
-        .block_depth = block_depth,
-        .tile_width_spacing = 1,
-        .width = regs.zeta_width,
-        .height = regs.zeta_height,
-        .depth = is_layered ? regs.zeta_layers.Value() : 1U,
-        .pitch = 0,
-        .num_levels = 1,
-        .emulated_levels = 1,
-        .pixel_format = pixel_format,
-        .type = GetFormatType(pixel_format),
-        .target = is_layered ? SurfaceTarget::Texture2DArray : SurfaceTarget::Texture2D,
-    };
-}
-
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
-                                                  std::size_t index) {
-    const auto& config{maxwell3d.regs.rt[index]};
-    SurfaceParams params;
-    params.is_tiled =
-        config.memory_layout.type == Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::InvMemoryLayout::BlockLinear;
-    params.srgb_conversion = config.format == Tegra::RenderTargetFormat::B8G8R8A8_SRGB ||
-                             config.format == Tegra::RenderTargetFormat::A8B8G8R8_SRGB;
-    params.block_width = config.memory_layout.block_width;
-    params.block_height = config.memory_layout.block_height;
-    params.block_depth = config.memory_layout.block_depth;
-    params.tile_width_spacing = 1;
-    params.pixel_format = PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(config.format);
-    params.type = GetFormatType(params.pixel_format);
-    if (params.is_tiled) {
-        params.pitch = 0;
-        params.width = config.width;
-    } else {
-        const u32 bpp = GetFormatBpp(params.pixel_format) / CHAR_BIT;
-        params.pitch = config.width;
-        params.width = params.pitch / bpp;
-    }
-    params.height = config.height;
-    params.num_levels = 1;
-    params.emulated_levels = 1;
-
-    if (config.memory_layout.is_3d != 0) {
-        params.depth = config.layers.Value();
-        params.is_layered = false;
-        params.target = SurfaceTarget::Texture3D;
-    } else if (config.layers > 1) {
-        params.depth = config.layers.Value();
-        params.is_layered = true;
-        params.target = SurfaceTarget::Texture2DArray;
-    } else {
-        params.depth = 1;
-        params.is_layered = false;
-        params.target = SurfaceTarget::Texture2D;
-    }
-    return params;
-}
-
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForFermiCopySurface(
-    const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Regs::Surface& config) {
-    const bool is_tiled = !config.linear;
-    const auto pixel_format = PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(config.format);
-
-    SurfaceParams params{
-        .is_tiled = is_tiled,
-        .srgb_conversion = config.format == Tegra::RenderTargetFormat::B8G8R8A8_SRGB ||
-                           config.format == Tegra::RenderTargetFormat::A8B8G8R8_SRGB,
-        .is_layered = false,
-        .block_width = is_tiled ? std::min(config.BlockWidth(), 5U) : 0U,
-        .block_height = is_tiled ? std::min(config.BlockHeight(), 5U) : 0U,
-        .block_depth = is_tiled ? std::min(config.BlockDepth(), 5U) : 0U,
-        .tile_width_spacing = 1,
-        .width = config.width,
-        .height = config.height,
-        .depth = 1,
-        .pitch = config.pitch,
-        .num_levels = 1,
-        .emulated_levels = 1,
-        .pixel_format = pixel_format,
-        .type = GetFormatType(pixel_format),
-        // TODO(Rodrigo): Try to guess texture arrays from parameters
-        .target = SurfaceTarget::Texture2D,
-    };
-
-    params.is_layered = params.IsLayered();
-    return params;
-}
-
-VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(
-    const VideoCommon::Shader::Sampler& entry) {
-    return TextureTypeToSurfaceTarget(entry.type, entry.is_array);
-}
-
-VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(
-    const VideoCommon::Shader::Image& entry) {
-    return ImageTypeToSurfaceTarget(entry.type);
-}
-
-bool SurfaceParams::IsLayered() const {
-    switch (target) {
-    case SurfaceTarget::Texture1DArray:
-    case SurfaceTarget::Texture2DArray:
-    case SurfaceTarget::TextureCubemap:
-    case SurfaceTarget::TextureCubeArray:
-        return true;
-    default:
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-// Auto block resizing algorithm from:
-// https://cgit.freedesktop.org/mesa/mesa/tree/src/gallium/drivers/nouveau/nv50/nv50_miptree.c
-u32 SurfaceParams::GetMipBlockHeight(u32 level) const {
-    if (level == 0) {
-        return this->block_height;
-    }
-
-    const u32 height_new{GetMipHeight(level)};
-    const u32 default_block_height{GetDefaultBlockHeight()};
-    const u32 blocks_in_y{(height_new + default_block_height - 1) / default_block_height};
-    const u32 block_height_new = Common::Log2Ceil32(blocks_in_y);
-    return std::clamp(block_height_new, 3U, 7U) - 3U;
-}
-
-u32 SurfaceParams::GetMipBlockDepth(u32 level) const {
-    if (level == 0) {
-        return this->block_depth;
-    }
-    if (is_layered) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    const u32 depth_new{GetMipDepth(level)};
-    const u32 block_depth_new = Common::Log2Ceil32(depth_new);
-    if (block_depth_new > 4) {
-        return 5 - (GetMipBlockHeight(level) >= 2);
-    }
-    return block_depth_new;
-}
-
-std::size_t SurfaceParams::GetGuestMipmapLevelOffset(u32 level) const {
-    std::size_t offset = 0;
-    for (u32 i = 0; i < level; i++) {
-        offset += GetInnerMipmapMemorySize(i, false, false);
-    }
-    return offset;
-}
-
-std::size_t SurfaceParams::GetHostMipmapLevelOffset(u32 level, bool is_converted) const {
-    std::size_t offset = 0;
-    if (is_converted) {
-        for (u32 i = 0; i < level; ++i) {
-            offset += GetConvertedMipmapSize(i) * GetNumLayers();
-        }
-    } else {
-        for (u32 i = 0; i < level; ++i) {
-            offset += GetInnerMipmapMemorySize(i, true, false) * GetNumLayers();
-        }
-    }
-    return offset;
-}
-
-std::size_t SurfaceParams::GetConvertedMipmapSize(u32 level) const {
-    constexpr std::size_t rgba8_bpp = 4ULL;
-    const std::size_t mip_width = GetMipWidth(level);
-    const std::size_t mip_height = GetMipHeight(level);
-    const std::size_t mip_depth = is_layered ? 1 : GetMipDepth(level);
-    return mip_width * mip_height * mip_depth * rgba8_bpp;
-}
-
-std::size_t SurfaceParams::GetLayerSize(bool as_host_size, bool uncompressed) const {
-    std::size_t size = 0;
-    for (u32 level = 0; level < num_levels; ++level) {
-        size += GetInnerMipmapMemorySize(level, as_host_size, uncompressed);
-    }
-    if (is_tiled && is_layered) {
-        return Common::AlignBits(size, Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + block_height + block_depth);
-    }
-    return size;
-}
-
-std::size_t SurfaceParams::GetInnerMipmapMemorySize(u32 level, bool as_host_size,
-                                                    bool uncompressed) const {
-    const u32 mip_width{GetMipmapSize(uncompressed, GetMipWidth(level), GetDefaultBlockWidth())};
-    const u32 mip_height{GetMipmapSize(uncompressed, GetMipHeight(level), GetDefaultBlockHeight())};
-    const u32 mip_depth{is_layered ? 1U : GetMipDepth(level)};
-    if (is_tiled) {
-        return Tegra::Texture::CalculateSize(!as_host_size, GetBytesPerPixel(), mip_width,
-                                             mip_height, mip_depth, GetMipBlockHeight(level),
-                                             GetMipBlockDepth(level));
-    } else if (as_host_size || IsBuffer()) {
-        return GetBytesPerPixel() * mip_width * mip_height * mip_depth;
-    } else {
-        // Linear Texture Case
-        return pitch * mip_height * mip_depth;
-    }
-}
-
-bool SurfaceParams::operator==(const SurfaceParams& rhs) const {
-    return std::tie(is_tiled, block_width, block_height, block_depth, tile_width_spacing, width,
-                    height, depth, pitch, num_levels, pixel_format, type, target) ==
-           std::tie(rhs.is_tiled, rhs.block_width, rhs.block_height, rhs.block_depth,
-                    rhs.tile_width_spacing, rhs.width, rhs.height, rhs.depth, rhs.pitch,
-                    rhs.num_levels, rhs.pixel_format, rhs.type, rhs.target);
-}
-
-std::string SurfaceParams::TargetName() const {
-    switch (target) {
-    case SurfaceTarget::Texture1D:
-        return "1D";
-    case SurfaceTarget::TextureBuffer:
-        return "TexBuffer";
-    case SurfaceTarget::Texture2D:
-        return "2D";
-    case SurfaceTarget::Texture3D:
-        return "3D";
-    case SurfaceTarget::Texture1DArray:
-        return "1DArray";
-    case SurfaceTarget::Texture2DArray:
-        return "2DArray";
-    case SurfaceTarget::TextureCubemap:
-        return "Cube";
-    case SurfaceTarget::TextureCubeArray:
-        return "CubeArray";
-    default:
-        LOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Unimplemented surface_target={}", target);
-        UNREACHABLE();
-        return fmt::format("TUK({})", target);
-    }
-}
-
-u32 SurfaceParams::GetBlockSize() const {
-    const u32 x = 64U << block_width;
-    const u32 y = 8U << block_height;
-    const u32 z = 1U << block_depth;
-    return x * y * z;
-}
-
-std::pair<u32, u32> SurfaceParams::GetBlockXY() const {
-    const u32 x_pixels = 64U / GetBytesPerPixel();
-    const u32 x = x_pixels << block_width;
-    const u32 y = 8U << block_height;
-    return {x, y};
-}
-
-std::tuple<u32, u32, u32> SurfaceParams::GetBlockOffsetXYZ(u32 offset) const {
-    const auto div_ceil = [](const u32 x, const u32 y) { return ((x + y - 1) / y); };
-    const u32 block_size = GetBlockSize();
-    const u32 block_index = offset / block_size;
-    const u32 gob_offset = offset % block_size;
-    const u32 gob_index = gob_offset / static_cast<u32>(Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE);
-    const u32 x_gob_pixels = 64U / GetBytesPerPixel();
-    const u32 x_block_pixels = x_gob_pixels << block_width;
-    const u32 y_block_pixels = 8U << block_height;
-    const u32 z_block_pixels = 1U << block_depth;
-    const u32 x_blocks = div_ceil(width, x_block_pixels);
-    const u32 y_blocks = div_ceil(height, y_block_pixels);
-    const u32 z_blocks = div_ceil(depth, z_block_pixels);
-    const u32 base_x = block_index % x_blocks;
-    const u32 base_y = (block_index / x_blocks) % y_blocks;
-    const u32 base_z = (block_index / (x_blocks * y_blocks)) % z_blocks;
-    u32 x = base_x * x_block_pixels;
-    u32 y = base_y * y_block_pixels;
-    u32 z = base_z * z_block_pixels;
-    z += gob_index >> block_height;
-    y += (gob_index * 8U) % y_block_pixels;
-    return {x, y, z};
-}
-
-} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 4466c3c34..000000000
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,294 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <utility>
-
-#include "common/alignment.h"
-#include "common/bit_util.h"
-#include "common/cityhash.h"
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h"
-#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
-#include "video_core/shader/shader_ir.h"
-#include "video_core/surface.h"
-#include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
-
-namespace VideoCommon {
-
-class FormatLookupTable;
-
-class SurfaceParams {
-public:
-    /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams from a texture configuration.
-    static SurfaceParams CreateForTexture(const FormatLookupTable& lookup_table,
-                                          const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& tic,
-                                          const VideoCommon::Shader::Sampler& entry);
-
-    /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams from an image configuration.
-    static SurfaceParams CreateForImage(const FormatLookupTable& lookup_table,
-                                        const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& tic,
-                                        const VideoCommon::Shader::Image& entry);
-
-    /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams for a depth buffer configuration.
-    static SurfaceParams CreateForDepthBuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d);
-
-    /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams from a framebuffer configuration.
-    static SurfaceParams CreateForFramebuffer(Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d,
-                                              std::size_t index);
-
-    /// Creates SurfaceCachedParams from a Fermi2D surface configuration.
-    static SurfaceParams CreateForFermiCopySurface(
-        const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Regs::Surface& config);
-
-    /// Obtains the texture target from a shader's sampler entry.
-    static VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget ExpectedTarget(
-        const VideoCommon::Shader::Sampler& entry);
-
-    /// Obtains the texture target from a shader's sampler entry.
-    static VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget ExpectedTarget(
-        const VideoCommon::Shader::Image& entry);
-
-    std::size_t Hash() const {
-        return static_cast<std::size_t>(
-            Common::CityHash64(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(this), sizeof(*this)));
-    }
-
-    bool operator==(const SurfaceParams& rhs) const;
-
-    bool operator!=(const SurfaceParams& rhs) const {
-        return !operator==(rhs);
-    }
-
-    std::size_t GetGuestSizeInBytes() const {
-        return GetInnerMemorySize(false, false, false);
-    }
-
-    std::size_t GetHostSizeInBytes(bool is_converted) const {
-        if (!is_converted) {
-            return GetInnerMemorySize(true, false, false);
-        }
-        // ASTC is uncompressed in software, in emulated as RGBA8
-        std::size_t host_size_in_bytes = 0;
-        for (u32 level = 0; level < num_levels; ++level) {
-            host_size_in_bytes += GetConvertedMipmapSize(level) * GetNumLayers();
-        }
-        return host_size_in_bytes;
-    }
-
-    u32 GetBlockAlignedWidth() const {
-        return Common::AlignUp(width, 64 / GetBytesPerPixel());
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the width of a given mipmap level.
-    u32 GetMipWidth(u32 level) const {
-        return std::max(1U, width >> level);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the height of a given mipmap level.
-    u32 GetMipHeight(u32 level) const {
-        return std::max(1U, height >> level);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the depth of a given mipmap level.
-    u32 GetMipDepth(u32 level) const {
-        return is_layered ? depth : std::max(1U, depth >> level);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the block height of a given mipmap level.
-    u32 GetMipBlockHeight(u32 level) const;
-
-    /// Returns the block depth of a given mipmap level.
-    u32 GetMipBlockDepth(u32 level) const;
-
-    /// Returns the best possible row/pitch alignment for the surface.
-    u32 GetRowAlignment(u32 level, bool is_converted) const {
-        const u32 bpp = is_converted ? 4 : GetBytesPerPixel();
-        return 1U << Common::CountTrailingZeroes32(GetMipWidth(level) * bpp);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the offset in bytes in guest memory of a given mipmap level.
-    std::size_t GetGuestMipmapLevelOffset(u32 level) const;
-
-    /// Returns the offset in bytes in host memory (linear) of a given mipmap level.
-    std::size_t GetHostMipmapLevelOffset(u32 level, bool is_converted) const;
-
-    /// Returns the size in bytes in guest memory of a given mipmap level.
-    std::size_t GetGuestMipmapSize(u32 level) const {
-        return GetInnerMipmapMemorySize(level, false, false);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the size in bytes in host memory (linear) of a given mipmap level.
-    std::size_t GetHostMipmapSize(u32 level) const {
-        return GetInnerMipmapMemorySize(level, true, false) * GetNumLayers();
-    }
-
-    std::size_t GetConvertedMipmapSize(u32 level) const;
-
-    /// Get this texture Tegra Block size in guest memory layout
-    u32 GetBlockSize() const;
-
-    /// Get X, Y coordinates max sizes of a single block.
-    std::pair<u32, u32> GetBlockXY() const;
-
-    /// Get the offset in x, y, z coordinates from a memory offset
-    std::tuple<u32, u32, u32> GetBlockOffsetXYZ(u32 offset) const;
-
-    /// Returns the size of a layer in bytes in guest memory.
-    std::size_t GetGuestLayerSize() const {
-        return GetLayerSize(false, false);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the size of a layer in bytes in host memory for a given mipmap level.
-    std::size_t GetHostLayerSize(u32 level) const {
-        ASSERT(target != VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget::Texture3D);
-        return GetInnerMipmapMemorySize(level, true, false);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the max possible mipmap that the texture can have in host gpu
-    u32 MaxPossibleMipmap() const {
-        const u32 max_mipmap_w = Common::Log2Ceil32(width) + 1U;
-        const u32 max_mipmap_h = Common::Log2Ceil32(height) + 1U;
-        const u32 max_mipmap = std::max(max_mipmap_w, max_mipmap_h);
-        if (target != VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget::Texture3D)
-            return max_mipmap;
-        return std::max(max_mipmap, Common::Log2Ceil32(depth) + 1U);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns if the guest surface is a compressed surface.
-    bool IsCompressed() const {
-        return GetDefaultBlockHeight() > 1 || GetDefaultBlockWidth() > 1;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the default block width.
-    u32 GetDefaultBlockWidth() const {
-        return VideoCore::Surface::GetDefaultBlockWidth(pixel_format);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the default block height.
-    u32 GetDefaultBlockHeight() const {
-        return VideoCore::Surface::GetDefaultBlockHeight(pixel_format);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the bits per pixel.
-    u32 GetBitsPerPixel() const {
-        return VideoCore::Surface::GetFormatBpp(pixel_format);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the bytes per pixel.
-    u32 GetBytesPerPixel() const {
-        return VideoCore::Surface::GetBytesPerPixel(pixel_format);
-    }
-
-    /// Returns true if the pixel format is a depth and/or stencil format.
-    bool IsPixelFormatZeta() const {
-        return pixel_format >= VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::MaxColorFormat &&
-               pixel_format < VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::MaxDepthStencilFormat;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns is the surface is a TextureBuffer type of surface.
-    bool IsBuffer() const {
-        return target == VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget::TextureBuffer;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of layers in the surface.
-    std::size_t GetNumLayers() const {
-        return is_layered ? depth : 1;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the debug name of the texture for use in graphic debuggers.
-    std::string TargetName() const;
-
-    // Helper used for out of class size calculations
-    static std::size_t AlignLayered(const std::size_t out_size, const u32 block_height,
-                                    const u32 block_depth) {
-        return Common::AlignBits(out_size,
-                                 Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + block_height + block_depth);
-    }
-
-    /// Converts a width from a type of surface into another. This helps represent the
-    /// equivalent value between compressed/non-compressed textures.
-    static u32 ConvertWidth(u32 width, VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat pixel_format_from,
-                            VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat pixel_format_to) {
-        const u32 bw1 = VideoCore::Surface::GetDefaultBlockWidth(pixel_format_from);
-        const u32 bw2 = VideoCore::Surface::GetDefaultBlockWidth(pixel_format_to);
-        return (width * bw2 + bw1 - 1) / bw1;
-    }
-
-    /// Converts a height from a type of surface into another. This helps represent the
-    /// equivalent value between compressed/non-compressed textures.
-    static u32 ConvertHeight(u32 height, VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat pixel_format_from,
-                             VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat pixel_format_to) {
-        const u32 bh1 = VideoCore::Surface::GetDefaultBlockHeight(pixel_format_from);
-        const u32 bh2 = VideoCore::Surface::GetDefaultBlockHeight(pixel_format_to);
-        return (height * bh2 + bh1 - 1) / bh1;
-    }
-
-    // Finds the maximun possible width between 2 2D layers of different formats
-    static u32 IntersectWidth(const SurfaceParams& src_params, const SurfaceParams& dst_params,
-                              const u32 src_level, const u32 dst_level) {
-        const u32 bw1 = src_params.GetDefaultBlockWidth();
-        const u32 bw2 = dst_params.GetDefaultBlockWidth();
-        const u32 t_src_width = (src_params.GetMipWidth(src_level) * bw2 + bw1 - 1) / bw1;
-        const u32 t_dst_width = (dst_params.GetMipWidth(dst_level) * bw1 + bw2 - 1) / bw2;
-        return std::min(t_src_width, t_dst_width);
-    }
-
-    // Finds the maximun possible height between 2 2D layers of different formats
-    static u32 IntersectHeight(const SurfaceParams& src_params, const SurfaceParams& dst_params,
-                               const u32 src_level, const u32 dst_level) {
-        const u32 bh1 = src_params.GetDefaultBlockHeight();
-        const u32 bh2 = dst_params.GetDefaultBlockHeight();
-        const u32 t_src_height = (src_params.GetMipHeight(src_level) * bh2 + bh1 - 1) / bh1;
-        const u32 t_dst_height = (dst_params.GetMipHeight(dst_level) * bh1 + bh2 - 1) / bh2;
-        return std::min(t_src_height, t_dst_height);
-    }
-
-    bool is_tiled;
-    bool srgb_conversion;
-    bool is_layered;
-    u32 block_width;
-    u32 block_height;
-    u32 block_depth;
-    u32 tile_width_spacing;
-    u32 width;
-    u32 height;
-    u32 depth;
-    u32 pitch;
-    u32 num_levels;
-    u32 emulated_levels;
-    VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat pixel_format;
-    VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType type;
-    VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget target;
-
-private:
-    /// Returns the size of a given mipmap level inside a layer.
-    std::size_t GetInnerMipmapMemorySize(u32 level, bool as_host_size, bool uncompressed) const;
-
-    /// Returns the size of all mipmap levels and aligns as needed.
-    std::size_t GetInnerMemorySize(bool as_host_size, bool layer_only, bool uncompressed) const {
-        return GetLayerSize(as_host_size, uncompressed) *
-               (layer_only ? 1U : (is_layered ? depth : 1U));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the size of a layer
-    std::size_t GetLayerSize(bool as_host_size, bool uncompressed) const;
-
-    /// Returns true if these parameters are from a layered surface.
-    bool IsLayered() const;
-};
-
-} // namespace VideoCommon
-
-namespace std {
-
-template <>
-struct hash<VideoCommon::SurfaceParams> {
-    std::size_t operator()(const VideoCommon::SurfaceParams& k) const noexcept {
-        return k.Hash();
-    }
-};
-
-} // namespace std
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b5f5984b..000000000
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#include <tuple>
-
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h"
-
-namespace VideoCommon {
-
-std::size_t ViewParams::Hash() const {
-    return static_cast<std::size_t>(base_layer) ^ (static_cast<std::size_t>(num_layers) << 16) ^
-           (static_cast<std::size_t>(base_level) << 24) ^
-           (static_cast<std::size_t>(num_levels) << 32) ^ (static_cast<std::size_t>(target) << 36);
-}
-
-bool ViewParams::operator==(const ViewParams& rhs) const {
-    return std::tie(base_layer, num_layers, base_level, num_levels, target) ==
-           std::tie(rhs.base_layer, rhs.num_layers, rhs.base_level, rhs.num_levels, rhs.target);
-}
-
-bool ViewParams::operator!=(const ViewParams& rhs) const {
-    return !operator==(rhs);
-}
-
-} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 199f72732..000000000
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
-// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
-// Refer to the license.txt file included.
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <functional>
-
-#include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "video_core/surface.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h"
-
-namespace VideoCommon {
-
-struct ViewParams {
-    constexpr explicit ViewParams(VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget target_, u32 base_layer_,
-                                  u32 num_layers_, u32 base_level_, u32 num_levels_)
-        : target{target_}, base_layer{base_layer_}, num_layers{num_layers_},
-          base_level{base_level_}, num_levels{num_levels_} {}
-
-    std::size_t Hash() const;
-
-    bool operator==(const ViewParams& rhs) const;
-    bool operator!=(const ViewParams& rhs) const;
-
-    bool IsLayered() const {
-        switch (target) {
-        case VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget::Texture1DArray:
-        case VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget::Texture2DArray:
-        case VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget::TextureCubemap:
-        case VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget::TextureCubeArray:
-            return true;
-        default:
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget target{};
-    u32 base_layer{};
-    u32 num_layers{};
-    u32 base_level{};
-    u32 num_levels{};
-};
-
-class ViewBase {
-public:
-    constexpr explicit ViewBase(const ViewParams& view_params) : params{view_params} {}
-
-    constexpr const ViewParams& GetViewParams() const {
-        return params;
-    }
-
-protected:
-    ViewParams params;
-};
-
-} // namespace VideoCommon
-
-namespace std {
-
-template <>
-struct hash<VideoCommon::ViewParams> {
-    std::size_t operator()(const VideoCommon::ViewParams& k) const noexcept {
-        return k.Hash();
-    }
-};
-
-} // namespace std
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h
index 581d8dd5b..968059842 100644
--- a/src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/texture_cache.h
@@ -6,1298 +6,1449 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
-#include <list>
+#include <bit>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <set>
-#include <tuple>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <boost/container/small_vector.hpp>
-#include <boost/icl/interval_map.hpp>
-#include <boost/range/iterator_range.hpp>
 
-#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
-#include "common/math_util.h"
-#include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/memory.h"
-#include "core/settings.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "video_core/compatible_formats.h"
+#include "video_core/delayed_destruction_ring.h"
 #include "video_core/dirty_flags.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/fermi_2d.h"
+#include "video_core/engines/kepler_compute.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
-#include "video_core/gpu.h"
 #include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/rasterizer_interface.h"
 #include "video_core/surface.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/copy_params.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/descriptor_table.h"
 #include "video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_base.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_params.h"
-#include "video_core/texture_cache/surface_view.h"
-
-namespace Tegra::Texture {
-struct FullTextureInfo;
-}
-
-namespace VideoCore {
-class RasterizerInterface;
-}
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/formatter.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_base.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view_info.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/render_targets.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/samples_helper.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/util.h"
+#include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
 
 namespace VideoCommon {
 
-using VideoCore::Surface::FormatCompatibility;
+using Tegra::Texture::SwizzleSource;
+using Tegra::Texture::TextureType;
+using Tegra::Texture::TICEntry;
+using Tegra::Texture::TSCEntry;
+using VideoCore::Surface::GetFormatType;
+using VideoCore::Surface::IsCopyCompatible;
 using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat;
-using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceTarget;
-using RenderTargetConfig = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::RenderTargetConfig;
+using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromDepthFormat;
+using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat;
+using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType;
 
-template <typename TSurface, typename TView>
+template <class P>
 class TextureCache {
-    using VectorSurface = boost::container::small_vector<TSurface, 1>;
+    /// Address shift for caching images into a hash table
+    static constexpr u64 PAGE_SHIFT = 20;
+
+    /// Enables debugging features to the texture cache
+    static constexpr bool ENABLE_VALIDATION = P::ENABLE_VALIDATION;
+    /// Implement blits as copies between framebuffers
+    static constexpr bool FRAMEBUFFER_BLITS = P::FRAMEBUFFER_BLITS;
+    /// True when some copies have to be emulated
+    static constexpr bool HAS_EMULATED_COPIES = P::HAS_EMULATED_COPIES;
+
+    /// Image view ID for null descriptors
+    static constexpr ImageViewId NULL_IMAGE_VIEW_ID{0};
+    /// Sampler ID for bugged sampler ids
+    static constexpr SamplerId NULL_SAMPLER_ID{0};
+
+    using Runtime = typename P::Runtime;
+    using Image = typename P::Image;
+    using ImageAlloc = typename P::ImageAlloc;
+    using ImageView = typename P::ImageView;
+    using Sampler = typename P::Sampler;
+    using Framebuffer = typename P::Framebuffer;
+
+    struct BlitImages {
+        ImageId dst_id;
+        ImageId src_id;
+        PixelFormat dst_format;
+        PixelFormat src_format;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct IdentityHash {
+        [[nodiscard]] size_t operator()(T value) const noexcept {
+            return static_cast<size_t>(value);
+        }
+    };
 
 public:
-    void InvalidateRegion(VAddr addr, std::size_t size) {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
+    explicit TextureCache(Runtime&, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface&, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D&,
+                          Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute&, Tegra::MemoryManager&);
 
-        for (const auto& surface : GetSurfacesInRegion(addr, size)) {
-            Unregister(surface);
-        }
-    }
+    /// Notify the cache that a new frame has been queued
+    void TickFrame();
 
-    void OnCPUWrite(VAddr addr, std::size_t size) {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
+    /// Return an unique mutually exclusive lock for the cache
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_lock<std::mutex> AcquireLock();
 
-        for (const auto& surface : GetSurfacesInRegion(addr, size)) {
-            if (surface->IsMemoryMarked()) {
-                UnmarkMemory(surface);
-                surface->SetSyncPending(true);
-                marked_for_unregister.emplace_back(surface);
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    /// Return a constant reference to the given image view id
+    [[nodiscard]] const ImageView& GetImageView(ImageViewId id) const noexcept;
 
-    void SyncGuestHost() {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
+    /// Return a reference to the given image view id
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageView& GetImageView(ImageViewId id) noexcept;
 
-        for (const auto& surface : marked_for_unregister) {
-            if (surface->IsRegistered()) {
-                surface->SetSyncPending(false);
-                Unregister(surface);
-            }
-        }
-        marked_for_unregister.clear();
-    }
+    /// Fill image_view_ids with the graphics images in indices
+    void FillGraphicsImageViews(std::span<const u32> indices,
+                                std::span<ImageViewId> image_view_ids);
 
-    /**
-     * Guarantees that rendertargets don't unregister themselves if the
-     * collide. Protection is currently only done on 3D slices.
-     */
-    void GuardRenderTargets(bool new_guard) {
-        guard_render_targets = new_guard;
-    }
+    /// Fill image_view_ids with the compute images in indices
+    void FillComputeImageViews(std::span<const u32> indices, std::span<ImageViewId> image_view_ids);
 
-    void GuardSamplers(bool new_guard) {
-        guard_samplers = new_guard;
-    }
+    /// Get the sampler from the graphics descriptor table in the specified index
+    Sampler* GetGraphicsSampler(u32 index);
 
-    void FlushRegion(VAddr addr, std::size_t size) {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
+    /// Get the sampler from the compute descriptor table in the specified index
+    Sampler* GetComputeSampler(u32 index);
 
-        auto surfaces = GetSurfacesInRegion(addr, size);
-        if (surfaces.empty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        std::sort(surfaces.begin(), surfaces.end(), [](const TSurface& a, const TSurface& b) {
-            return a->GetModificationTick() < b->GetModificationTick();
-        });
-        for (const auto& surface : surfaces) {
-            mutex.unlock();
-            FlushSurface(surface);
-            mutex.lock();
-        }
-    }
+    /// Refresh the state for graphics image view and sampler descriptors
+    void SynchronizeGraphicsDescriptors();
 
-    bool MustFlushRegion(VAddr addr, std::size_t size) {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
+    /// Refresh the state for compute image view and sampler descriptors
+    void SynchronizeComputeDescriptors();
 
-        const auto surfaces = GetSurfacesInRegion(addr, size);
-        return std::any_of(surfaces.cbegin(), surfaces.cend(),
-                           [](const TSurface& surface) { return surface->IsModified(); });
-    }
+    /// Update bound render targets and upload memory if necessary
+    /// @param is_clear True when the render targets are being used for clears
+    void UpdateRenderTargets(bool is_clear);
 
-    TView GetTextureSurface(const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& tic,
-                            const VideoCommon::Shader::Sampler& entry) {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-        const auto gpu_addr{tic.Address()};
-        if (!gpu_addr) {
-            return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
-        }
+    /// Find a framebuffer with the currently bound render targets
+    /// UpdateRenderTargets should be called before this
+    Framebuffer* GetFramebuffer();
 
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        if (!cpu_addr) {
-            return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
-        }
+    /// Mark images in a range as modified from the CPU
+    void WriteMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size);
 
-        if (!IsTypeCompatible(tic.texture_type, entry)) {
-            return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
-        }
+    /// Download contents of host images to guest memory in a region
+    void DownloadMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size);
 
-        const auto params{SurfaceParams::CreateForTexture(format_lookup_table, tic, entry)};
-        const auto [surface, view] = GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, params, true, false);
-        if (guard_samplers) {
-            sampled_textures.push_back(surface);
-        }
-        return view;
-    }
+    /// Remove images in a region
+    void UnmapMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size);
 
-    TView GetImageSurface(const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& tic,
-                          const VideoCommon::Shader::Image& entry) {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-        const auto gpu_addr{tic.Address()};
-        if (!gpu_addr) {
-            return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
-        }
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        if (!cpu_addr) {
-            return GetNullSurface(SurfaceParams::ExpectedTarget(entry));
-        }
-        const auto params{SurfaceParams::CreateForImage(format_lookup_table, tic, entry)};
-        const auto [surface, view] = GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, params, true, false);
-        if (guard_samplers) {
-            sampled_textures.push_back(surface);
-        }
-        return view;
-    }
+    /// Blit an image with the given parameters
+    void BlitImage(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& dst,
+                   const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& src,
+                   const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy);
 
-    bool TextureBarrier() {
-        const bool any_rt =
-            std::any_of(sampled_textures.begin(), sampled_textures.end(),
-                        [](const auto& surface) { return surface->IsRenderTarget(); });
-        sampled_textures.clear();
-        return any_rt;
-    }
+    /// Invalidate the contents of the color buffer index
+    /// These contents become unspecified, the cache can assume aggressive optimizations.
+    void InvalidateColorBuffer(size_t index);
 
-    TView GetDepthBufferSurface(bool preserve_contents) {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-        auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty;
-        if (!dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer]) {
-            return depth_buffer.view;
-        }
-        dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = false;
+    /// Invalidate the contents of the depth buffer
+    /// These contents become unspecified, the cache can assume aggressive optimizations.
+    void InvalidateDepthBuffer();
 
-        const auto& regs{maxwell3d.regs};
-        const auto gpu_addr{regs.zeta.Address()};
-        if (!gpu_addr || !regs.zeta_enable) {
-            SetEmptyDepthBuffer();
-            return {};
-        }
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        if (!cpu_addr) {
-            SetEmptyDepthBuffer();
-            return {};
-        }
-        const auto depth_params{SurfaceParams::CreateForDepthBuffer(maxwell3d)};
-        auto surface_view = GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, depth_params, preserve_contents, true);
-        if (depth_buffer.target)
-            depth_buffer.target->MarkAsRenderTarget(false, NO_RT);
-        depth_buffer.target = surface_view.first;
-        depth_buffer.view = surface_view.second;
-        if (depth_buffer.target)
-            depth_buffer.target->MarkAsRenderTarget(true, DEPTH_RT);
-        return surface_view.second;
-    }
-
-    TView GetColorBufferSurface(std::size_t index, bool preserve_contents) {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-        ASSERT(index < Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumRenderTargets);
-        if (!maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ColorBuffer0 + index]) {
-            return render_targets[index].view;
-        }
-        maxwell3d.dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ColorBuffer0 + index] = false;
+    /// Try to find a cached image view in the given CPU address
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageView* TryFindFramebufferImageView(VAddr cpu_addr);
 
-        const auto& regs{maxwell3d.regs};
-        if (index >= regs.rt_control.count || regs.rt[index].Address() == 0 ||
-            regs.rt[index].format == Tegra::RenderTargetFormat::NONE) {
-            SetEmptyColorBuffer(index);
-            return {};
-        }
+    /// Return true when there are uncommitted images to be downloaded
+    [[nodiscard]] bool HasUncommittedFlushes() const noexcept;
 
-        const auto& config{regs.rt[index]};
-        const auto gpu_addr{config.Address()};
-        if (!gpu_addr) {
-            SetEmptyColorBuffer(index);
-            return {};
-        }
+    /// Return true when the caller should wait for async downloads
+    [[nodiscard]] bool ShouldWaitAsyncFlushes() const noexcept;
 
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        if (!cpu_addr) {
-            SetEmptyColorBuffer(index);
-            return {};
-        }
+    /// Commit asynchronous downloads
+    void CommitAsyncFlushes();
+
+    /// Pop asynchronous downloads
+    void PopAsyncFlushes();
+
+    /// Return true when a CPU region is modified from the GPU
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsRegionGpuModified(VAddr addr, size_t size);
 
-        auto surface_view =
-            GetSurface(gpu_addr, *cpu_addr, SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(maxwell3d, index),
-                       preserve_contents, true);
-        if (render_targets[index].target) {
-            auto& surface = render_targets[index].target;
-            surface->MarkAsRenderTarget(false, NO_RT);
-            const auto& cr_params = surface->GetSurfaceParams();
-            if (!cr_params.is_tiled && Settings::values.use_asynchronous_gpu_emulation.GetValue()) {
-                AsyncFlushSurface(surface);
+private:
+    /// Iterate over all page indices in a range
+    template <typename Func>
+    static void ForEachPage(VAddr addr, size_t size, Func&& func) {
+        static constexpr bool RETURNS_BOOL = std::is_same_v<std::invoke_result<Func, u64>, bool>;
+        const u64 page_end = (addr + size - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+        for (u64 page = addr >> PAGE_SHIFT; page <= page_end; ++page) {
+            if constexpr (RETURNS_BOOL) {
+                if (func(page)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            } else {
+                func(page);
             }
         }
-        render_targets[index].target = surface_view.first;
-        render_targets[index].view = surface_view.second;
-        if (render_targets[index].target)
-            render_targets[index].target->MarkAsRenderTarget(true, static_cast<u32>(index));
-        return surface_view.second;
     }
 
-    void MarkColorBufferInUse(std::size_t index) {
-        if (auto& render_target = render_targets[index].target) {
-            render_target->MarkAsModified(true, Tick());
-        }
-    }
+    /// Fills image_view_ids in the image views in indices
+    void FillImageViews(DescriptorTable<TICEntry>& table,
+                        std::span<ImageViewId> cached_image_view_ids, std::span<const u32> indices,
+                        std::span<ImageViewId> image_view_ids);
 
-    void MarkDepthBufferInUse() {
-        if (depth_buffer.target) {
-            depth_buffer.target->MarkAsModified(true, Tick());
-        }
-    }
+    /// Find or create an image view in the guest descriptor table
+    ImageViewId VisitImageView(DescriptorTable<TICEntry>& table,
+                               std::span<ImageViewId> cached_image_view_ids, u32 index);
 
-    void SetEmptyDepthBuffer() {
-        if (depth_buffer.target == nullptr) {
-            return;
-        }
-        depth_buffer.target->MarkAsRenderTarget(false, NO_RT);
-        depth_buffer.target = nullptr;
-        depth_buffer.view = nullptr;
-    }
+    /// Find or create a framebuffer with the given render target parameters
+    FramebufferId GetFramebufferId(const RenderTargets& key);
 
-    void SetEmptyColorBuffer(std::size_t index) {
-        if (render_targets[index].target == nullptr) {
-            return;
-        }
-        render_targets[index].target->MarkAsRenderTarget(false, NO_RT);
-        render_targets[index].target = nullptr;
-        render_targets[index].view = nullptr;
-    }
-
-    void DoFermiCopy(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Regs::Surface& src_config,
-                     const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Regs::Surface& dst_config,
-                     const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) {
-        std::lock_guard lock{mutex};
-        SurfaceParams src_params = SurfaceParams::CreateForFermiCopySurface(src_config);
-        SurfaceParams dst_params = SurfaceParams::CreateForFermiCopySurface(dst_config);
-        const GPUVAddr src_gpu_addr = src_config.Address();
-        const GPUVAddr dst_gpu_addr = dst_config.Address();
-        DeduceBestBlit(src_params, dst_params, src_gpu_addr, dst_gpu_addr);
-
-        const std::optional<VAddr> dst_cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(dst_gpu_addr);
-        const std::optional<VAddr> src_cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(src_gpu_addr);
-        std::pair dst_surface = GetSurface(dst_gpu_addr, *dst_cpu_addr, dst_params, true, false);
-        TView src_surface = GetSurface(src_gpu_addr, *src_cpu_addr, src_params, true, false).second;
-        ImageBlit(src_surface, dst_surface.second, copy_config);
-        dst_surface.first->MarkAsModified(true, Tick());
-    }
-
-    TSurface TryFindFramebufferSurface(VAddr addr) const {
-        if (!addr) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        const VAddr page = addr >> registry_page_bits;
-        const auto it = registry.find(page);
-        if (it == registry.end()) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        const auto& list = it->second;
-        const auto found = std::find_if(list.begin(), list.end(), [addr](const auto& surface) {
-            return surface->GetCpuAddr() == addr;
-        });
-        return found != list.end() ? *found : nullptr;
-    }
+    /// Refresh the contents (pixel data) of an image
+    void RefreshContents(Image& image);
 
-    u64 Tick() {
-        return ++ticks;
-    }
+    /// Upload data from guest to an image
+    template <typename MapBuffer>
+    void UploadImageContents(Image& image, MapBuffer& map, size_t buffer_offset);
 
-    void CommitAsyncFlushes() {
-        committed_flushes.push_back(uncommitted_flushes);
-        uncommitted_flushes.reset();
-    }
+    /// Find or create an image view from a guest descriptor
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageViewId FindImageView(const TICEntry& config);
 
-    bool HasUncommittedFlushes() const {
-        return uncommitted_flushes != nullptr;
-    }
+    /// Create a new image view from a guest descriptor
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageViewId CreateImageView(const TICEntry& config);
 
-    bool ShouldWaitAsyncFlushes() const {
-        return !committed_flushes.empty() && committed_flushes.front() != nullptr;
-    }
+    /// Find or create an image from the given parameters
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageId FindOrInsertImage(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                            RelaxedOptions options = RelaxedOptions{});
 
-    void PopAsyncFlushes() {
-        if (committed_flushes.empty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        auto& flush_list = committed_flushes.front();
-        if (!flush_list) {
-            committed_flushes.pop_front();
-            return;
-        }
-        for (TSurface& surface : *flush_list) {
-            FlushSurface(surface);
-        }
-        committed_flushes.pop_front();
-    }
+    /// Find an image from the given parameters
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageId FindImage(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                    RelaxedOptions options);
 
-protected:
-    explicit TextureCache(VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
-                          Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_, Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_,
-                          bool is_astc_supported_)
-        : is_astc_supported{is_astc_supported_}, rasterizer{rasterizer_}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
-          gpu_memory{gpu_memory_} {
-        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumRenderTargets; i++) {
-            SetEmptyColorBuffer(i);
-        }
+    /// Create an image from the given parameters
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageId InsertImage(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                      RelaxedOptions options);
 
-        SetEmptyDepthBuffer();
-        staging_cache.SetSize(2);
+    /// Create a new image and join perfectly matching existing images
+    /// Remove joined images from the cache
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageId JoinImages(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VAddr cpu_addr);
 
-        const auto make_siblings = [this](PixelFormat a, PixelFormat b) {
-            siblings_table[static_cast<std::size_t>(a)] = b;
-            siblings_table[static_cast<std::size_t>(b)] = a;
-        };
-        std::fill(siblings_table.begin(), siblings_table.end(), PixelFormat::Invalid);
-        make_siblings(PixelFormat::D16_UNORM, PixelFormat::R16_UNORM);
-        make_siblings(PixelFormat::D32_FLOAT, PixelFormat::R32_FLOAT);
-        make_siblings(PixelFormat::D32_FLOAT_S8_UINT, PixelFormat::R32G32_FLOAT);
+    /// Return a blit image pair from the given guest blit parameters
+    [[nodiscard]] BlitImages GetBlitImages(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& dst,
+                                           const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& src);
 
-        sampled_textures.reserve(64);
-    }
+    /// Find or create a sampler from a guest descriptor sampler
+    [[nodiscard]] SamplerId FindSampler(const TSCEntry& config);
 
-    ~TextureCache() = default;
+    /// Find or create an image view for the given color buffer index
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageViewId FindColorBuffer(size_t index, bool is_clear);
 
-    virtual TSurface CreateSurface(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params) = 0;
+    /// Find or create an image view for the depth buffer
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageViewId FindDepthBuffer(bool is_clear);
 
-    virtual void ImageCopy(TSurface& src_surface, TSurface& dst_surface,
-                           const CopyParams& copy_params) = 0;
+    /// Find or create a view for a render target with the given image parameters
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageViewId FindRenderTargetView(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                                   bool is_clear);
 
-    virtual void ImageBlit(TView& src_view, TView& dst_view,
-                           const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy_config) = 0;
+    /// Iterates over all the images in a region calling func
+    template <typename Func>
+    void ForEachImageInRegion(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size, Func&& func);
 
-    // Depending on the backend, a buffer copy can be slow as it means deoptimizing the texture
-    // and reading it from a separate buffer.
-    virtual void BufferCopy(TSurface& src_surface, TSurface& dst_surface) = 0;
+    /// Find or create an image view in the given image with the passed parameters
+    [[nodiscard]] ImageViewId FindOrEmplaceImageView(ImageId image_id, const ImageViewInfo& info);
 
-    void ManageRenderTargetUnregister(TSurface& surface) {
-        auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty;
-        const u32 index = surface->GetRenderTarget();
-        if (index == DEPTH_RT) {
-            dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = true;
-        } else {
-            dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::ColorBuffer0 + index] = true;
-        }
-        dirty.flags[VideoCommon::Dirty::RenderTargets] = true;
+    /// Register image in the page table
+    void RegisterImage(ImageId image);
+
+    /// Unregister image from the page table
+    void UnregisterImage(ImageId image);
+
+    /// Track CPU reads and writes for image
+    void TrackImage(ImageBase& image);
+
+    /// Stop tracking CPU reads and writes for image
+    void UntrackImage(ImageBase& image);
+
+    /// Delete image from the cache
+    void DeleteImage(ImageId image);
+
+    /// Remove image views references from the cache
+    void RemoveImageViewReferences(std::span<const ImageViewId> removed_views);
+
+    /// Remove framebuffers using the given image views from the cache
+    void RemoveFramebuffers(std::span<const ImageViewId> removed_views);
+
+    /// Mark an image as modified from the GPU
+    void MarkModification(ImageBase& image) noexcept;
+
+    /// Synchronize image aliases, copying data if needed
+    void SynchronizeAliases(ImageId image_id);
+
+    /// Prepare an image to be used
+    void PrepareImage(ImageId image_id, bool is_modification, bool invalidate);
+
+    /// Prepare an image view to be used
+    void PrepareImageView(ImageViewId image_view_id, bool is_modification, bool invalidate);
+
+    /// Execute copies from one image to the other, even if they are incompatible
+    void CopyImage(ImageId dst_id, ImageId src_id, std::span<const ImageCopy> copies);
+
+    /// Bind an image view as render target, downloading resources preemtively if needed
+    void BindRenderTarget(ImageViewId* old_id, ImageViewId new_id);
+
+    /// Create a render target from a given image and image view parameters
+    [[nodiscard]] std::pair<FramebufferId, ImageViewId> RenderTargetFromImage(
+        ImageId, const ImageViewInfo& view_info);
+
+    /// Returns true if the current clear parameters clear the whole image of a given image view
+    [[nodiscard]] bool IsFullClear(ImageViewId id);
+
+    Runtime& runtime;
+    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
+    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
+    Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute;
+    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
+
+    DescriptorTable<TICEntry> graphics_image_table{gpu_memory};
+    DescriptorTable<TSCEntry> graphics_sampler_table{gpu_memory};
+    std::vector<SamplerId> graphics_sampler_ids;
+    std::vector<ImageViewId> graphics_image_view_ids;
+
+    DescriptorTable<TICEntry> compute_image_table{gpu_memory};
+    DescriptorTable<TSCEntry> compute_sampler_table{gpu_memory};
+    std::vector<SamplerId> compute_sampler_ids;
+    std::vector<ImageViewId> compute_image_view_ids;
+
+    RenderTargets render_targets;
+
+    std::mutex mutex;
+
+    std::unordered_map<TICEntry, ImageViewId> image_views;
+    std::unordered_map<TSCEntry, SamplerId> samplers;
+    std::unordered_map<RenderTargets, FramebufferId> framebuffers;
+
+    std::unordered_map<u64, std::vector<ImageId>, IdentityHash<u64>> page_table;
+
+    bool has_deleted_images = false;
+
+    SlotVector<Image> slot_images;
+    SlotVector<ImageView> slot_image_views;
+    SlotVector<ImageAlloc> slot_image_allocs;
+    SlotVector<Sampler> slot_samplers;
+    SlotVector<Framebuffer> slot_framebuffers;
+
+    // TODO: This data structure is not optimal and it should be reworked
+    std::vector<ImageId> uncommitted_downloads;
+    std::queue<std::vector<ImageId>> committed_downloads;
+
+    static constexpr size_t TICKS_TO_DESTROY = 6;
+    DelayedDestructionRing<Image, TICKS_TO_DESTROY> sentenced_images;
+    DelayedDestructionRing<ImageView, TICKS_TO_DESTROY> sentenced_image_view;
+    DelayedDestructionRing<Framebuffer, TICKS_TO_DESTROY> sentenced_framebuffers;
+
+    std::unordered_map<GPUVAddr, ImageAllocId> image_allocs_table;
+
+    u64 modification_tick = 0;
+    u64 frame_tick = 0;
+};
+
+template <class P>
+TextureCache<P>::TextureCache(Runtime& runtime_, VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer_,
+                              Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d_,
+                              Tegra::Engines::KeplerCompute& kepler_compute_,
+                              Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory_)
+    : runtime{runtime_}, rasterizer{rasterizer_}, maxwell3d{maxwell3d_},
+      kepler_compute{kepler_compute_}, gpu_memory{gpu_memory_} {
+    // Configure null sampler
+    TSCEntry sampler_descriptor{};
+    sampler_descriptor.min_filter.Assign(Tegra::Texture::TextureFilter::Linear);
+    sampler_descriptor.mag_filter.Assign(Tegra::Texture::TextureFilter::Linear);
+    sampler_descriptor.mipmap_filter.Assign(Tegra::Texture::TextureMipmapFilter::Linear);
+    sampler_descriptor.cubemap_anisotropy.Assign(1);
+
+    // Make sure the first index is reserved for the null resources
+    // This way the null resource becomes a compile time constant
+    void(slot_image_views.insert(runtime, NullImageParams{}));
+    void(slot_samplers.insert(runtime, sampler_descriptor));
+}
+
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::TickFrame() {
+    // Tick sentenced resources in this order to ensure they are destroyed in the right order
+    sentenced_images.Tick();
+    sentenced_framebuffers.Tick();
+    sentenced_image_view.Tick();
+    ++frame_tick;
+}
+
+template <class P>
+std::unique_lock<std::mutex> TextureCache<P>::AcquireLock() {
+    return std::unique_lock{mutex};
+}
+
+template <class P>
+const typename P::ImageView& TextureCache<P>::GetImageView(ImageViewId id) const noexcept {
+    return slot_image_views[id];
+}
+
+template <class P>
+typename P::ImageView& TextureCache<P>::GetImageView(ImageViewId id) noexcept {
+    return slot_image_views[id];
+}
+
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::FillGraphicsImageViews(std::span<const u32> indices,
+                                             std::span<ImageViewId> image_view_ids) {
+    FillImageViews(graphics_image_table, graphics_image_view_ids, indices, image_view_ids);
+}
+
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::FillComputeImageViews(std::span<const u32> indices,
+                                            std::span<ImageViewId> image_view_ids) {
+    FillImageViews(compute_image_table, compute_image_view_ids, indices, image_view_ids);
+}
+
+template <class P>
+typename P::Sampler* TextureCache<P>::GetGraphicsSampler(u32 index) {
+    [[unlikely]] if (index > graphics_sampler_table.Limit()) {
+        LOG_ERROR(HW_GPU, "Invalid sampler index={}", index);
+        return &slot_samplers[NULL_SAMPLER_ID];
+    }
+    const auto [descriptor, is_new] = graphics_sampler_table.Read(index);
+    SamplerId& id = graphics_sampler_ids[index];
+    [[unlikely]] if (is_new) {
+        id = FindSampler(descriptor);
     }
+    return &slot_samplers[id];
+}
 
-    void Register(TSurface surface) {
-        const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = surface->GetGpuAddr();
-        const std::size_t size = surface->GetSizeInBytes();
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-        if (!cpu_addr) {
-            LOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Failed to register surface with unmapped gpu_address 0x{:016x}",
-                         gpu_addr);
-            return;
-        }
-        surface->SetCpuAddr(*cpu_addr);
-        RegisterInnerCache(surface);
-        surface->MarkAsRegistered(true);
-        surface->SetMemoryMarked(true);
-        rasterizer.UpdatePagesCachedCount(*cpu_addr, size, 1);
+template <class P>
+typename P::Sampler* TextureCache<P>::GetComputeSampler(u32 index) {
+    [[unlikely]] if (index > compute_sampler_table.Limit()) {
+        LOG_ERROR(HW_GPU, "Invalid sampler index={}", index);
+        return &slot_samplers[NULL_SAMPLER_ID];
+    }
+    const auto [descriptor, is_new] = compute_sampler_table.Read(index);
+    SamplerId& id = compute_sampler_ids[index];
+    [[unlikely]] if (is_new) {
+        id = FindSampler(descriptor);
     }
+    return &slot_samplers[id];
+}
 
-    void UnmarkMemory(TSurface surface) {
-        if (!surface->IsMemoryMarked()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        const std::size_t size = surface->GetSizeInBytes();
-        const VAddr cpu_addr = surface->GetCpuAddr();
-        rasterizer.UpdatePagesCachedCount(cpu_addr, size, -1);
-        surface->SetMemoryMarked(false);
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::SynchronizeGraphicsDescriptors() {
+    using SamplerIndex = Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::SamplerIndex;
+    const bool linked_tsc = maxwell3d.regs.sampler_index == SamplerIndex::ViaHeaderIndex;
+    const u32 tic_limit = maxwell3d.regs.tic.limit;
+    const u32 tsc_limit = linked_tsc ? tic_limit : maxwell3d.regs.tsc.limit;
+    if (graphics_sampler_table.Synchornize(maxwell3d.regs.tsc.Address(), tsc_limit)) {
+        graphics_sampler_ids.resize(tsc_limit + 1, CORRUPT_ID);
     }
+    if (graphics_image_table.Synchornize(maxwell3d.regs.tic.Address(), tic_limit)) {
+        graphics_image_view_ids.resize(tic_limit + 1, CORRUPT_ID);
+    }
+}
 
-    void Unregister(TSurface surface) {
-        if (guard_render_targets && surface->IsProtected()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        if (!guard_render_targets && surface->IsRenderTarget()) {
-            ManageRenderTargetUnregister(surface);
-        }
-        UnmarkMemory(surface);
-        if (surface->IsSyncPending()) {
-            marked_for_unregister.remove(surface);
-            surface->SetSyncPending(false);
-        }
-        UnregisterInnerCache(surface);
-        surface->MarkAsRegistered(false);
-        ReserveSurface(surface->GetSurfaceParams(), surface);
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::SynchronizeComputeDescriptors() {
+    const bool linked_tsc = kepler_compute.launch_description.linked_tsc;
+    const u32 tic_limit = kepler_compute.regs.tic.limit;
+    const u32 tsc_limit = linked_tsc ? tic_limit : kepler_compute.regs.tsc.limit;
+    const GPUVAddr tsc_gpu_addr = kepler_compute.regs.tsc.Address();
+    if (compute_sampler_table.Synchornize(tsc_gpu_addr, tsc_limit)) {
+        compute_sampler_ids.resize(tsc_limit + 1, CORRUPT_ID);
     }
+    if (compute_image_table.Synchornize(kepler_compute.regs.tic.Address(), tic_limit)) {
+        compute_image_view_ids.resize(tic_limit + 1, CORRUPT_ID);
+    }
+}
 
-    TSurface GetUncachedSurface(const GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params) {
-        if (const auto surface = TryGetReservedSurface(params); surface) {
-            surface->SetGpuAddr(gpu_addr);
-            return surface;
-        }
-        // No reserved surface available, create a new one and reserve it
-        auto new_surface{CreateSurface(gpu_addr, params)};
-        return new_surface;
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::UpdateRenderTargets(bool is_clear) {
+    using namespace VideoCommon::Dirty;
+    auto& flags = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
+    if (!flags[Dirty::RenderTargets]) {
+        return;
     }
+    flags[Dirty::RenderTargets] = false;
 
-    const bool is_astc_supported;
+    // Render target control is used on all render targets, so force look ups when this one is up
+    const bool force = flags[Dirty::RenderTargetControl];
+    flags[Dirty::RenderTargetControl] = false;
 
-private:
-    enum class RecycleStrategy : u32 {
-        Ignore = 0,
-        Flush = 1,
-        BufferCopy = 3,
-    };
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < NUM_RT; ++index) {
+        ImageViewId& color_buffer_id = render_targets.color_buffer_ids[index];
+        if (flags[Dirty::ColorBuffer0 + index] || force) {
+            flags[Dirty::ColorBuffer0 + index] = false;
+            BindRenderTarget(&color_buffer_id, FindColorBuffer(index, is_clear));
+        }
+        PrepareImageView(color_buffer_id, true, is_clear && IsFullClear(color_buffer_id));
+    }
+    if (flags[Dirty::ZetaBuffer] || force) {
+        flags[Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = false;
+        BindRenderTarget(&render_targets.depth_buffer_id, FindDepthBuffer(is_clear));
+    }
+    const ImageViewId depth_buffer_id = render_targets.depth_buffer_id;
+    PrepareImageView(depth_buffer_id, true, is_clear && IsFullClear(depth_buffer_id));
 
-    enum class DeductionType : u32 {
-        DeductionComplete,
-        DeductionIncomplete,
-        DeductionFailed,
+    for (size_t index = 0; index < NUM_RT; ++index) {
+        render_targets.draw_buffers[index] = static_cast<u8>(maxwell3d.regs.rt_control.Map(index));
+    }
+    render_targets.size = Extent2D{
+        maxwell3d.regs.render_area.width,
+        maxwell3d.regs.render_area.height,
     };
+}
 
-    struct Deduction {
-        DeductionType type{DeductionType::DeductionFailed};
-        TSurface surface{};
+template <class P>
+typename P::Framebuffer* TextureCache<P>::GetFramebuffer() {
+    return &slot_framebuffers[GetFramebufferId(render_targets)];
+}
 
-        bool Failed() const {
-            return type == DeductionType::DeductionFailed;
-        }
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::FillImageViews(DescriptorTable<TICEntry>& table,
+                                     std::span<ImageViewId> cached_image_view_ids,
+                                     std::span<const u32> indices,
+                                     std::span<ImageViewId> image_view_ids) {
+    ASSERT(indices.size() <= image_view_ids.size());
+    do {
+        has_deleted_images = false;
+        std::ranges::transform(indices, image_view_ids.begin(), [&](u32 index) {
+            return VisitImageView(table, cached_image_view_ids, index);
+        });
+    } while (has_deleted_images);
+}
 
-        bool Incomplete() const {
-            return type == DeductionType::DeductionIncomplete;
-        }
+template <class P>
+ImageViewId TextureCache<P>::VisitImageView(DescriptorTable<TICEntry>& table,
+                                            std::span<ImageViewId> cached_image_view_ids,
+                                            u32 index) {
+    if (index > table.Limit()) {
+        LOG_ERROR(HW_GPU, "Invalid image view index={}", index);
+        return NULL_IMAGE_VIEW_ID;
+    }
+    const auto [descriptor, is_new] = table.Read(index);
+    ImageViewId& image_view_id = cached_image_view_ids[index];
+    if (is_new) {
+        image_view_id = FindImageView(descriptor);
+    }
+    if (image_view_id != NULL_IMAGE_VIEW_ID) {
+        PrepareImageView(image_view_id, false, false);
+    }
+    return image_view_id;
+}
 
-        bool IsDepth() const {
-            return surface->GetSurfaceParams().IsPixelFormatZeta();
-        }
-    };
+template <class P>
+FramebufferId TextureCache<P>::GetFramebufferId(const RenderTargets& key) {
+    const auto [pair, is_new] = framebuffers.try_emplace(key);
+    FramebufferId& framebuffer_id = pair->second;
+    if (!is_new) {
+        return framebuffer_id;
+    }
+    std::array<ImageView*, NUM_RT> color_buffers;
+    std::ranges::transform(key.color_buffer_ids, color_buffers.begin(),
+                           [this](ImageViewId id) { return id ? &slot_image_views[id] : nullptr; });
+    ImageView* const depth_buffer =
+        key.depth_buffer_id ? &slot_image_views[key.depth_buffer_id] : nullptr;
+    framebuffer_id = slot_framebuffers.insert(runtime, color_buffers, depth_buffer, key);
+    return framebuffer_id;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Takes care of selecting a proper strategy to deal with a texture recycle.
-     *
-     * @param overlaps      The overlapping surfaces registered in the cache.
-     * @param params        The parameters on the new surface.
-     * @param gpu_addr      The starting address of the new surface.
-     * @param untopological Indicates to the recycler that the texture has no way
-     *                      to match the overlaps due to topological reasons.
-     **/
-    RecycleStrategy PickStrategy(VectorSurface& overlaps, const SurfaceParams& params,
-                                 const GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const MatchTopologyResult untopological) {
-        if (Settings::IsGPULevelExtreme()) {
-            return RecycleStrategy::Flush;
-        }
-        // 3D Textures decision
-        if (params.target == SurfaceTarget::Texture3D) {
-            return RecycleStrategy::Flush;
-        }
-        for (const auto& s : overlaps) {
-            const auto& s_params = s->GetSurfaceParams();
-            if (s_params.target == SurfaceTarget::Texture3D) {
-                return RecycleStrategy::Flush;
-            }
-        }
-        // Untopological decision
-        if (untopological == MatchTopologyResult::CompressUnmatch) {
-            return RecycleStrategy::Flush;
-        }
-        if (untopological == MatchTopologyResult::FullMatch && !params.is_tiled) {
-            return RecycleStrategy::Flush;
-        }
-        return RecycleStrategy::Ignore;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Used to decide what to do with textures we can't resolve in the cache It has 2 implemented
-     * strategies: Ignore and Flush.
-     *
-     * - Ignore: Just unregisters all the overlaps and loads the new texture.
-     * - Flush: Flushes all the overlaps into memory and loads the new surface from that data.
-     *
-     * @param overlaps          The overlapping surfaces registered in the cache.
-     * @param params            The parameters for the new surface.
-     * @param gpu_addr          The starting address of the new surface.
-     * @param preserve_contents Indicates that the new surface should be loaded from memory or left
-     *                          blank.
-     * @param untopological     Indicates to the recycler that the texture has no way to match the
-     *                          overlaps due to topological reasons.
-     **/
-    std::pair<TSurface, TView> RecycleSurface(VectorSurface& overlaps, const SurfaceParams& params,
-                                              const GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const bool preserve_contents,
-                                              const MatchTopologyResult untopological) {
-        const bool do_load = preserve_contents && Settings::IsGPULevelExtreme();
-        for (auto& surface : overlaps) {
-            Unregister(surface);
-        }
-        switch (PickStrategy(overlaps, params, gpu_addr, untopological)) {
-        case RecycleStrategy::Ignore: {
-            return InitializeSurface(gpu_addr, params, do_load);
-        }
-        case RecycleStrategy::Flush: {
-            std::sort(overlaps.begin(), overlaps.end(),
-                      [](const TSurface& a, const TSurface& b) -> bool {
-                          return a->GetModificationTick() < b->GetModificationTick();
-                      });
-            for (auto& surface : overlaps) {
-                FlushSurface(surface);
-            }
-            return InitializeSurface(gpu_addr, params, preserve_contents);
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::WriteMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size) {
+    ForEachImageInRegion(cpu_addr, size, [this](ImageId image_id, Image& image) {
+        if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::CpuModified)) {
+            return;
         }
-        case RecycleStrategy::BufferCopy: {
-            auto new_surface = GetUncachedSurface(gpu_addr, params);
-            BufferCopy(overlaps[0], new_surface);
-            return {new_surface, new_surface->GetMainView()};
+        image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::CpuModified;
+        UntrackImage(image);
+    });
+}
+
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::DownloadMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size) {
+    std::vector<ImageId> images;
+    ForEachImageInRegion(cpu_addr, size, [this, &images](ImageId image_id, ImageBase& image) {
+        // Skip images that were not modified from the GPU
+        if (False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::GpuModified)) {
+            return;
         }
-        default: {
-            UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented Texture Cache Recycling Strategy!");
-            return InitializeSurface(gpu_addr, params, do_load);
+        // Skip images that .are. modified from the CPU
+        // We don't want to write sensitive data from the guest
+        if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::CpuModified)) {
+            return;
         }
+        if (image.info.num_samples > 1) {
+            LOG_WARNING(HW_GPU, "MSAA image downloads are not implemented");
+            return;
         }
+        image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::GpuModified;
+        images.push_back(image_id);
+    });
+    if (images.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    std::ranges::sort(images, [this](ImageId lhs, ImageId rhs) {
+        return slot_images[lhs].modification_tick < slot_images[rhs].modification_tick;
+    });
+    for (const ImageId image_id : images) {
+        Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+        auto map = runtime.MapDownloadBuffer(image.unswizzled_size_bytes);
+        const auto copies = FullDownloadCopies(image.info);
+        image.DownloadMemory(map, 0, copies);
+        runtime.Finish();
+        SwizzleImage(gpu_memory, image.gpu_addr, image.info, copies, map.Span());
     }
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Takes a single surface and recreates into another that may differ in
-     * format, target or width alignment.
-     *
-     * @param current_surface The registered surface in the cache which we want to convert.
-     * @param params          The new surface params which we'll use to recreate the surface.
-     * @param is_render       Whether or not the surface is a render target.
-     **/
-    std::pair<TSurface, TView> RebuildSurface(TSurface current_surface, const SurfaceParams& params,
-                                              bool is_render) {
-        const auto gpu_addr = current_surface->GetGpuAddr();
-        const auto& cr_params = current_surface->GetSurfaceParams();
-        TSurface new_surface;
-        if (cr_params.pixel_format != params.pixel_format && !is_render &&
-            GetSiblingFormat(cr_params.pixel_format) == params.pixel_format) {
-            SurfaceParams new_params = params;
-            new_params.pixel_format = cr_params.pixel_format;
-            new_params.type = cr_params.type;
-            new_surface = GetUncachedSurface(gpu_addr, new_params);
-        } else {
-            new_surface = GetUncachedSurface(gpu_addr, params);
-        }
-        const SurfaceParams& final_params = new_surface->GetSurfaceParams();
-        if (cr_params.type != final_params.type) {
-            if (Settings::IsGPULevelExtreme()) {
-                BufferCopy(current_surface, new_surface);
-            }
-        } else {
-            std::vector<CopyParams> bricks = current_surface->BreakDown(final_params);
-            for (auto& brick : bricks) {
-                TryCopyImage(current_surface, new_surface, brick);
-            }
-        }
-        Unregister(current_surface);
-        Register(new_surface);
-        new_surface->MarkAsModified(current_surface->IsModified(), Tick());
-        return {new_surface, new_surface->GetMainView()};
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Takes a single surface and checks with the new surface's params if it's an exact
-     * match, we return the main view of the registered surface. If its formats don't
-     * match, we rebuild the surface. We call this last method a `Mirage`. If formats
-     * match but the targets don't, we create an overview View of the registered surface.
-     *
-     * @param current_surface The registered surface in the cache which we want to convert.
-     * @param params          The new surface params which we want to check.
-     * @param is_render       Whether or not the surface is a render target.
-     **/
-    std::pair<TSurface, TView> ManageStructuralMatch(TSurface current_surface,
-                                                     const SurfaceParams& params, bool is_render) {
-        const bool is_mirage = !current_surface->MatchFormat(params.pixel_format);
-        const bool matches_target = current_surface->MatchTarget(params.target);
-        const auto match_check = [&]() -> std::pair<TSurface, TView> {
-            if (matches_target) {
-                return {current_surface, current_surface->GetMainView()};
-            }
-            return {current_surface, current_surface->EmplaceOverview(params)};
-        };
-        if (!is_mirage) {
-            return match_check();
-        }
-        if (!is_render && GetSiblingFormat(current_surface->GetFormat()) == params.pixel_format) {
-            return match_check();
-        }
-        return RebuildSurface(current_surface, params, is_render);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Unlike RebuildSurface where we know whether or not registered surfaces match the candidate
-     * in some way, we have no guarantees here. We try to see if the overlaps are sublayers/mipmaps
-     * of the new surface, if they all match we end up recreating a surface for them,
-     * else we return nothing.
-     *
-     * @param overlaps The overlapping surfaces registered in the cache.
-     * @param params   The parameters on the new surface.
-     * @param gpu_addr The starting address of the new surface.
-     **/
-    std::optional<std::pair<TSurface, TView>> TryReconstructSurface(VectorSurface& overlaps,
-                                                                    const SurfaceParams& params,
-                                                                    GPUVAddr gpu_addr) {
-        if (params.target == SurfaceTarget::Texture3D) {
-            return std::nullopt;
-        }
-        const auto test_modified = [](TSurface& surface) { return surface->IsModified(); };
-        TSurface new_surface = GetUncachedSurface(gpu_addr, params);
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::UnmapMemory(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size) {
+    std::vector<ImageId> deleted_images;
+    ForEachImageInRegion(cpu_addr, size, [&](ImageId id, Image&) { deleted_images.push_back(id); });
+    for (const ImageId id : deleted_images) {
+        Image& image = slot_images[id];
+        if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Tracked)) {
+            UntrackImage(image);
+        }
+        UnregisterImage(id);
+        DeleteImage(id);
+    }
+}
 
-        if (std::none_of(overlaps.begin(), overlaps.end(), test_modified)) {
-            LoadSurface(new_surface);
-            for (const auto& surface : overlaps) {
-                Unregister(surface);
-            }
-            Register(new_surface);
-            return {{new_surface, new_surface->GetMainView()}};
-        }
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::BlitImage(const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& dst,
+                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& src,
+                                const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Config& copy) {
+    const BlitImages images = GetBlitImages(dst, src);
+    const ImageId dst_id = images.dst_id;
+    const ImageId src_id = images.src_id;
+    PrepareImage(src_id, false, false);
+    PrepareImage(dst_id, true, false);
+
+    ImageBase& dst_image = slot_images[dst_id];
+    const ImageBase& src_image = slot_images[src_id];
+
+    // TODO: Deduplicate
+    const std::optional dst_base = dst_image.TryFindBase(dst.Address());
+    const SubresourceRange dst_range{.base = dst_base.value(), .extent = {1, 1}};
+    const ImageViewInfo dst_view_info(ImageViewType::e2D, images.dst_format, dst_range);
+    const auto [dst_framebuffer_id, dst_view_id] = RenderTargetFromImage(dst_id, dst_view_info);
+    const auto [src_samples_x, src_samples_y] = SamplesLog2(src_image.info.num_samples);
+    const std::array src_region{
+        Offset2D{.x = copy.src_x0 >> src_samples_x, .y = copy.src_y0 >> src_samples_y},
+        Offset2D{.x = copy.src_x1 >> src_samples_x, .y = copy.src_y1 >> src_samples_y},
+    };
 
-        std::size_t passed_tests = 0;
-        for (auto& surface : overlaps) {
-            const SurfaceParams& src_params = surface->GetSurfaceParams();
-            const auto mipmap_layer{new_surface->GetLayerMipmap(surface->GetGpuAddr())};
-            if (!mipmap_layer) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            const auto [base_layer, base_mipmap] = *mipmap_layer;
-            if (new_surface->GetMipmapSize(base_mipmap) != surface->GetMipmapSize(0)) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            ++passed_tests;
-
-            // Copy all mipmaps and layers
-            const u32 block_width = params.GetDefaultBlockWidth();
-            const u32 block_height = params.GetDefaultBlockHeight();
-            for (u32 mipmap = base_mipmap; mipmap < base_mipmap + src_params.num_levels; ++mipmap) {
-                const u32 width = SurfaceParams::IntersectWidth(src_params, params, 0, mipmap);
-                const u32 height = SurfaceParams::IntersectHeight(src_params, params, 0, mipmap);
-                if (width < block_width || height < block_height) {
-                    // Current APIs forbid copying small compressed textures, avoid errors
-                    break;
-                }
-                const CopyParams copy_params(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, base_layer, 0, mipmap, width, height,
-                                             src_params.depth);
-                TryCopyImage(surface, new_surface, copy_params);
-            }
-        }
-        if (passed_tests == 0) {
-            return std::nullopt;
-        }
-        if (Settings::IsGPULevelExtreme() && passed_tests != overlaps.size()) {
-            // In Accurate GPU all tests should pass, else we recycle
-            return std::nullopt;
-        }
+    const std::optional src_base = src_image.TryFindBase(src.Address());
+    const SubresourceRange src_range{.base = src_base.value(), .extent = {1, 1}};
+    const ImageViewInfo src_view_info(ImageViewType::e2D, images.src_format, src_range);
+    const auto [src_framebuffer_id, src_view_id] = RenderTargetFromImage(src_id, src_view_info);
+    const auto [dst_samples_x, dst_samples_y] = SamplesLog2(dst_image.info.num_samples);
+    const std::array dst_region{
+        Offset2D{.x = copy.dst_x0 >> dst_samples_x, .y = copy.dst_y0 >> dst_samples_y},
+        Offset2D{.x = copy.dst_x1 >> dst_samples_x, .y = copy.dst_y1 >> dst_samples_y},
+    };
 
-        const bool modified = std::any_of(overlaps.begin(), overlaps.end(), test_modified);
-        for (const auto& surface : overlaps) {
-            Unregister(surface);
-        }
+    // Always call this after src_framebuffer_id was queried, as the address might be invalidated.
+    Framebuffer* const dst_framebuffer = &slot_framebuffers[dst_framebuffer_id];
+    if constexpr (FRAMEBUFFER_BLITS) {
+        // OpenGL blits from framebuffers, not images
+        Framebuffer* const src_framebuffer = &slot_framebuffers[src_framebuffer_id];
+        runtime.BlitFramebuffer(dst_framebuffer, src_framebuffer, dst_region, src_region,
+                                copy.filter, copy.operation);
+    } else {
+        // Vulkan can blit images, but it lacks format reinterpretations
+        // Provide a framebuffer in case it's necessary
+        ImageView& dst_view = slot_image_views[dst_view_id];
+        ImageView& src_view = slot_image_views[src_view_id];
+        runtime.BlitImage(dst_framebuffer, dst_view, src_view, dst_region, src_region, copy.filter,
+                          copy.operation);
+    }
+}
 
-        new_surface->MarkAsModified(modified, Tick());
-        Register(new_surface);
-        return {{new_surface, new_surface->GetMainView()}};
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Takes care of managing 3D textures and its slices. Does HLE methods for reconstructing the 3D
-     * textures within the GPU if possible. Falls back to LLE when it isn't possible to use any of
-     * the HLE methods.
-     *
-     * @param overlaps  The overlapping surfaces registered in the cache.
-     * @param params    The parameters on the new surface.
-     * @param gpu_addr  The starting address of the new surface.
-     * @param cpu_addr  The starting address of the new surface on physical memory.
-     * @param preserve_contents Indicates that the new surface should be loaded from memory or
-     *                          left blank.
-     */
-    std::optional<std::pair<TSurface, TView>> Manage3DSurfaces(VectorSurface& overlaps,
-                                                               const SurfaceParams& params,
-                                                               GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VAddr cpu_addr,
-                                                               bool preserve_contents) {
-        if (params.target != SurfaceTarget::Texture3D) {
-            for (const auto& surface : overlaps) {
-                if (!surface->MatchTarget(params.target)) {
-                    if (overlaps.size() == 1 && surface->GetCpuAddr() == cpu_addr) {
-                        if (Settings::IsGPULevelExtreme()) {
-                            return std::nullopt;
-                        }
-                        Unregister(surface);
-                        return InitializeSurface(gpu_addr, params, preserve_contents);
-                    }
-                    return std::nullopt;
-                }
-                if (surface->GetCpuAddr() != cpu_addr) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (surface->MatchesStructure(params) == MatchStructureResult::FullMatch) {
-                    return std::make_pair(surface, surface->GetMainView());
-                }
-            }
-            return InitializeSurface(gpu_addr, params, preserve_contents);
-        }
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::InvalidateColorBuffer(size_t index) {
+    ImageViewId& color_buffer_id = render_targets.color_buffer_ids[index];
+    color_buffer_id = FindColorBuffer(index, false);
+    if (!color_buffer_id) {
+        LOG_ERROR(HW_GPU, "Invalidating invalid color buffer in index={}", index);
+        return;
+    }
+    // When invalidating a color buffer, the old contents are no longer relevant
+    ImageView& color_buffer = slot_image_views[color_buffer_id];
+    Image& image = slot_images[color_buffer.image_id];
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::CpuModified;
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::GpuModified;
 
-        if (params.num_levels > 1) {
-            // We can't handle mipmaps in 3D textures yet, better fallback to LLE approach
-            return std::nullopt;
-        }
+    runtime.InvalidateColorBuffer(color_buffer, index);
+}
 
-        if (overlaps.size() == 1) {
-            const auto& surface = overlaps[0];
-            const SurfaceParams& overlap_params = surface->GetSurfaceParams();
-            // Don't attempt to render to textures with more than one level for now
-            // The texture has to be to the right or the sample address if we want to render to it
-            if (overlap_params.num_levels == 1 && cpu_addr >= surface->GetCpuAddr()) {
-                const u32 offset = static_cast<u32>(cpu_addr - surface->GetCpuAddr());
-                const u32 slice = std::get<2>(params.GetBlockOffsetXYZ(offset));
-                if (slice < overlap_params.depth) {
-                    auto view = surface->Emplace3DView(slice, params.depth, 0, 1);
-                    return std::make_pair(std::move(surface), std::move(view));
-                }
-            }
-        }
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::InvalidateDepthBuffer() {
+    ImageViewId& depth_buffer_id = render_targets.depth_buffer_id;
+    depth_buffer_id = FindDepthBuffer(false);
+    if (!depth_buffer_id) {
+        LOG_ERROR(HW_GPU, "Invalidating invalid depth buffer");
+        return;
+    }
+    // When invalidating the depth buffer, the old contents are no longer relevant
+    ImageBase& image = slot_images[slot_image_views[depth_buffer_id].image_id];
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::CpuModified;
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::GpuModified;
 
-        TSurface new_surface = GetUncachedSurface(gpu_addr, params);
-        bool modified = false;
+    ImageView& depth_buffer = slot_image_views[depth_buffer_id];
+    runtime.InvalidateDepthBuffer(depth_buffer);
+}
 
-        for (auto& surface : overlaps) {
-            const SurfaceParams& src_params = surface->GetSurfaceParams();
-            if (src_params.target != SurfaceTarget::Texture2D ||
-                src_params.height != params.height ||
-                src_params.block_depth != params.block_depth ||
-                src_params.block_height != params.block_height) {
-                return std::nullopt;
-            }
-            modified |= surface->IsModified();
-
-            const u32 offset = static_cast<u32>(surface->GetCpuAddr() - cpu_addr);
-            const u32 slice = std::get<2>(params.GetBlockOffsetXYZ(offset));
-            const u32 width = params.width;
-            const u32 height = params.height;
-            const CopyParams copy_params(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, slice, 0, 0, width, height, 1);
-            TryCopyImage(surface, new_surface, copy_params);
+template <class P>
+typename P::ImageView* TextureCache<P>::TryFindFramebufferImageView(VAddr cpu_addr) {
+    // TODO: Properly implement this
+    const auto it = page_table.find(cpu_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT);
+    if (it == page_table.end()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    const auto& image_ids = it->second;
+    for (const ImageId image_id : image_ids) {
+        const ImageBase& image = slot_images[image_id];
+        if (image.cpu_addr != cpu_addr) {
+            continue;
         }
-        for (const auto& surface : overlaps) {
-            Unregister(surface);
+        if (image.image_view_ids.empty()) {
+            continue;
         }
-        new_surface->MarkAsModified(modified, Tick());
-        Register(new_surface);
-
-        TView view = new_surface->GetMainView();
-        return std::make_pair(std::move(new_surface), std::move(view));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the starting address and parameters of a candidate surface and tries
-     * to find a matching surface within the cache. This is done in 3 big steps:
-     *
-     * 1. Check the 1st Level Cache in order to find an exact match, if we fail, we move to step 2.
-     *
-     * 2. Check if there are any overlaps at all, if there are none, we just load the texture from
-     *    memory else we move to step 3.
-     *
-     * 3. Consists of figuring out the relationship between the candidate texture and the
-     *    overlaps. We divide the scenarios depending if there's 1 or many overlaps. If
-     *    there's many, we just try to reconstruct a new surface out of them based on the
-     *    candidate's parameters, if we fail, we recycle. When there's only 1 overlap then we
-     *    have to check if the candidate is a view (layer/mipmap) of the overlap or if the
-     *    registered surface is a mipmap/layer of the candidate. In this last case we reconstruct
-     *    a new surface.
-     *
-     * @param gpu_addr          The starting address of the candidate surface.
-     * @param params            The parameters on the candidate surface.
-     * @param preserve_contents Indicates that the new surface should be loaded from memory or
-     *                          left blank.
-     * @param is_render         Whether or not the surface is a render target.
-     **/
-    std::pair<TSurface, TView> GetSurface(const GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const VAddr cpu_addr,
-                                          const SurfaceParams& params, bool preserve_contents,
-                                          bool is_render) {
-        // Step 1
-        // Check Level 1 Cache for a fast structural match. If candidate surface
-        // matches at certain level we are pretty much done.
-        if (const auto iter = l1_cache.find(cpu_addr); iter != l1_cache.end()) {
-            TSurface& current_surface = iter->second;
-            const auto topological_result = current_surface->MatchesTopology(params);
-            if (topological_result != MatchTopologyResult::FullMatch) {
-                VectorSurface overlaps{current_surface};
-                return RecycleSurface(overlaps, params, gpu_addr, preserve_contents,
-                                      topological_result);
-            }
+        return &slot_image_views[image.image_view_ids.at(0)];
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
 
-            const auto struct_result = current_surface->MatchesStructure(params);
-            if (struct_result != MatchStructureResult::None) {
-                const auto& old_params = current_surface->GetSurfaceParams();
-                const bool not_3d = params.target != SurfaceTarget::Texture3D &&
-                                    old_params.target != SurfaceTarget::Texture3D;
-                if (not_3d || current_surface->MatchTarget(params.target)) {
-                    if (struct_result == MatchStructureResult::FullMatch) {
-                        return ManageStructuralMatch(current_surface, params, is_render);
-                    } else {
-                        return RebuildSurface(current_surface, params, is_render);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
+template <class P>
+bool TextureCache<P>::HasUncommittedFlushes() const noexcept {
+    return !uncommitted_downloads.empty();
+}
 
-        // Step 2
-        // Obtain all possible overlaps in the memory region
-        const std::size_t candidate_size = params.GetGuestSizeInBytes();
-        auto overlaps{GetSurfacesInRegion(cpu_addr, candidate_size)};
+template <class P>
+bool TextureCache<P>::ShouldWaitAsyncFlushes() const noexcept {
+    return !committed_downloads.empty() && !committed_downloads.front().empty();
+}
 
-        // If none are found, we are done. we just load the surface and create it.
-        if (overlaps.empty()) {
-            return InitializeSurface(gpu_addr, params, preserve_contents);
-        }
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::CommitAsyncFlushes() {
+    // This is intentionally passing the value by copy
+    committed_downloads.push(uncommitted_downloads);
+    uncommitted_downloads.clear();
+}
 
-        // Step 3
-        // Now we need to figure the relationship between the texture and its overlaps
-        // we do a topological test to ensure we can find some relationship. If it fails
-        // immediately recycle the texture
-        for (const auto& surface : overlaps) {
-            const auto topological_result = surface->MatchesTopology(params);
-            if (topological_result != MatchTopologyResult::FullMatch) {
-                return RecycleSurface(overlaps, params, gpu_addr, preserve_contents,
-                                      topological_result);
-            }
-        }
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::PopAsyncFlushes() {
+    if (committed_downloads.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const std::span<const ImageId> download_ids = committed_downloads.front();
+    if (download_ids.empty()) {
+        committed_downloads.pop();
+        return;
+    }
+    size_t total_size_bytes = 0;
+    for (const ImageId image_id : download_ids) {
+        total_size_bytes += slot_images[image_id].unswizzled_size_bytes;
+    }
+    auto download_map = runtime.MapDownloadBuffer(total_size_bytes);
+    size_t buffer_offset = 0;
+    for (const ImageId image_id : download_ids) {
+        Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+        const auto copies = FullDownloadCopies(image.info);
+        image.DownloadMemory(download_map, buffer_offset, copies);
+        buffer_offset += image.unswizzled_size_bytes;
+    }
+    // Wait for downloads to finish
+    runtime.Finish();
+
+    buffer_offset = 0;
+    const std::span<u8> download_span = download_map.Span();
+    for (const ImageId image_id : download_ids) {
+        const ImageBase& image = slot_images[image_id];
+        const auto copies = FullDownloadCopies(image.info);
+        const std::span<u8> image_download_span = download_span.subspan(buffer_offset);
+        SwizzleImage(gpu_memory, image.gpu_addr, image.info, copies, image_download_span);
+        buffer_offset += image.unswizzled_size_bytes;
+    }
+    committed_downloads.pop();
+}
 
-        // Manage 3D textures
-        if (params.block_depth > 0) {
-            auto surface =
-                Manage3DSurfaces(overlaps, params, gpu_addr, cpu_addr, preserve_contents);
-            if (surface) {
-                return *surface;
-            }
+template <class P>
+bool TextureCache<P>::IsRegionGpuModified(VAddr addr, size_t size) {
+    bool is_modified = false;
+    ForEachImageInRegion(addr, size, [&is_modified](ImageId, ImageBase& image) {
+        if (False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::GpuModified)) {
+            return false;
         }
+        is_modified = true;
+        return true;
+    });
+    return is_modified;
+}
 
-        // Split cases between 1 overlap or many.
-        if (overlaps.size() == 1) {
-            TSurface current_surface = overlaps[0];
-            // First check if the surface is within the overlap. If not, it means
-            // two things either the candidate surface is a supertexture of the overlap
-            // or they don't match in any known way.
-            if (!current_surface->IsInside(gpu_addr, gpu_addr + candidate_size)) {
-                const std::optional view = TryReconstructSurface(overlaps, params, gpu_addr);
-                if (view) {
-                    return *view;
-                }
-                return RecycleSurface(overlaps, params, gpu_addr, preserve_contents,
-                                      MatchTopologyResult::FullMatch);
-            }
-            // Now we check if the candidate is a mipmap/layer of the overlap
-            std::optional<TView> view =
-                current_surface->EmplaceView(params, gpu_addr, candidate_size);
-            if (view) {
-                const bool is_mirage = !current_surface->MatchFormat(params.pixel_format);
-                if (is_mirage) {
-                    // On a mirage view, we need to recreate the surface under this new view
-                    // and then obtain a view again.
-                    SurfaceParams new_params = current_surface->GetSurfaceParams();
-                    const u32 wh = SurfaceParams::ConvertWidth(
-                        new_params.width, new_params.pixel_format, params.pixel_format);
-                    const u32 hh = SurfaceParams::ConvertHeight(
-                        new_params.height, new_params.pixel_format, params.pixel_format);
-                    new_params.width = wh;
-                    new_params.height = hh;
-                    new_params.pixel_format = params.pixel_format;
-                    std::pair<TSurface, TView> pair =
-                        RebuildSurface(current_surface, new_params, is_render);
-                    std::optional<TView> mirage_view =
-                        pair.first->EmplaceView(params, gpu_addr, candidate_size);
-                    if (mirage_view)
-                        return {pair.first, *mirage_view};
-                    return RecycleSurface(overlaps, params, gpu_addr, preserve_contents,
-                                          MatchTopologyResult::FullMatch);
-                }
-                return {current_surface, *view};
-            }
-        } else {
-            // If there are many overlaps, odds are they are subtextures of the candidate
-            // surface. We try to construct a new surface based on the candidate parameters,
-            // using the overlaps. If a single overlap fails, this will fail.
-            std::optional<std::pair<TSurface, TView>> view =
-                TryReconstructSurface(overlaps, params, gpu_addr);
-            if (view) {
-                return *view;
-            }
-        }
-        // We failed all the tests, recycle the overlaps into a new texture.
-        return RecycleSurface(overlaps, params, gpu_addr, preserve_contents,
-                              MatchTopologyResult::FullMatch);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the starting address and parameters of a candidate surface and tries to find a
-     * matching surface within the cache that's similar to it. If there are many textures
-     * or the texture found if entirely incompatible, it will fail. If no texture is found, the
-     * blit will be unsuccessful.
-     *
-     * @param gpu_addr The starting address of the candidate surface.
-     * @param params   The parameters on the candidate surface.
-     **/
-    Deduction DeduceSurface(const GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params) {
-        const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
-
-        if (!cpu_addr) {
-            Deduction result{};
-            result.type = DeductionType::DeductionFailed;
-            return result;
-        }
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::RefreshContents(Image& image) {
+    if (False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::CpuModified)) {
+        // Only upload modified images
+        return;
+    }
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::CpuModified;
+    TrackImage(image);
 
-        if (const auto iter = l1_cache.find(*cpu_addr); iter != l1_cache.end()) {
-            TSurface& current_surface = iter->second;
-            const auto topological_result = current_surface->MatchesTopology(params);
-            if (topological_result != MatchTopologyResult::FullMatch) {
-                Deduction result{};
-                result.type = DeductionType::DeductionFailed;
-                return result;
-            }
-            const auto struct_result = current_surface->MatchesStructure(params);
-            if (struct_result != MatchStructureResult::None &&
-                current_surface->MatchTarget(params.target)) {
-                Deduction result{};
-                result.type = DeductionType::DeductionComplete;
-                result.surface = current_surface;
-                return result;
-            }
-        }
+    if (image.info.num_samples > 1) {
+        LOG_WARNING(HW_GPU, "MSAA image uploads are not implemented");
+        return;
+    }
+    auto map = runtime.MapUploadBuffer(MapSizeBytes(image));
+    UploadImageContents(image, map, 0);
+    runtime.InsertUploadMemoryBarrier();
+}
 
-        const std::size_t candidate_size = params.GetGuestSizeInBytes();
-        auto overlaps{GetSurfacesInRegion(*cpu_addr, candidate_size)};
+template <class P>
+template <typename MapBuffer>
+void TextureCache<P>::UploadImageContents(Image& image, MapBuffer& map, size_t buffer_offset) {
+    const std::span<u8> mapped_span = map.Span().subspan(buffer_offset);
+    const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = image.gpu_addr;
+
+    if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::AcceleratedUpload)) {
+        gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, mapped_span.data(), mapped_span.size_bytes());
+        const auto uploads = FullUploadSwizzles(image.info);
+        runtime.AccelerateImageUpload(image, map, buffer_offset, uploads);
+    } else if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Converted)) {
+        std::vector<u8> unswizzled_data(image.unswizzled_size_bytes);
+        auto copies = UnswizzleImage(gpu_memory, gpu_addr, image.info, unswizzled_data);
+        ConvertImage(unswizzled_data, image.info, mapped_span, copies);
+        image.UploadMemory(map, buffer_offset, copies);
+    } else if (image.info.type == ImageType::Buffer) {
+        const std::array copies{UploadBufferCopy(gpu_memory, gpu_addr, image, mapped_span)};
+        image.UploadMemory(map, buffer_offset, copies);
+    } else {
+        const auto copies = UnswizzleImage(gpu_memory, gpu_addr, image.info, mapped_span);
+        image.UploadMemory(map, buffer_offset, copies);
+    }
+}
 
-        if (overlaps.empty()) {
-            Deduction result{};
-            result.type = DeductionType::DeductionIncomplete;
-            return result;
-        }
+template <class P>
+ImageViewId TextureCache<P>::FindImageView(const TICEntry& config) {
+    if (!IsValidAddress(gpu_memory, config)) {
+        return NULL_IMAGE_VIEW_ID;
+    }
+    const auto [pair, is_new] = image_views.try_emplace(config);
+    ImageViewId& image_view_id = pair->second;
+    if (is_new) {
+        image_view_id = CreateImageView(config);
+    }
+    return image_view_id;
+}
 
-        if (overlaps.size() > 1) {
-            Deduction result{};
-            result.type = DeductionType::DeductionFailed;
-            return result;
-        } else {
-            Deduction result{};
-            result.type = DeductionType::DeductionComplete;
-            result.surface = overlaps[0];
-            return result;
-        }
+template <class P>
+ImageViewId TextureCache<P>::CreateImageView(const TICEntry& config) {
+    const ImageInfo info(config);
+    const GPUVAddr image_gpu_addr = config.Address() - config.BaseLayer() * info.layer_stride;
+    const ImageId image_id = FindOrInsertImage(info, image_gpu_addr);
+    if (!image_id) {
+        return NULL_IMAGE_VIEW_ID;
     }
+    ImageBase& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    const SubresourceBase base = image.TryFindBase(config.Address()).value();
+    ASSERT(base.level == 0);
+    const ImageViewInfo view_info(config, base.layer);
+    const ImageViewId image_view_id = FindOrEmplaceImageView(image_id, view_info);
+    ImageViewBase& image_view = slot_image_views[image_view_id];
+    image_view.flags |= ImageViewFlagBits::Strong;
+    image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::Strong;
+    return image_view_id;
+}
 
-    /**
-     * Gets a null surface based on a target texture.
-     * @param target The target of the null surface.
-     */
-    TView GetNullSurface(SurfaceTarget target) {
-        const u32 i_target = static_cast<u32>(target);
-        if (const auto it = invalid_cache.find(i_target); it != invalid_cache.end()) {
-            return it->second->GetMainView();
-        }
-        SurfaceParams params{};
-        params.target = target;
-        params.is_tiled = false;
-        params.srgb_conversion = false;
-        params.is_layered =
-            target == SurfaceTarget::Texture1DArray || target == SurfaceTarget::Texture2DArray ||
-            target == SurfaceTarget::TextureCubemap || target == SurfaceTarget::TextureCubeArray;
-        params.block_width = 0;
-        params.block_height = 0;
-        params.block_depth = 0;
-        params.tile_width_spacing = 1;
-        params.width = 1;
-        params.height = 1;
-        params.depth = 1;
-        if (target == SurfaceTarget::TextureCubemap || target == SurfaceTarget::TextureCubeArray) {
-            params.depth = 6;
-        }
-        params.pitch = 4;
-        params.num_levels = 1;
-        params.emulated_levels = 1;
-        params.pixel_format = VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat::R8_UNORM;
-        params.type = VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType::ColorTexture;
-        auto surface = CreateSurface(0ULL, params);
-        invalid_memory.resize(surface->GetHostSizeInBytes(), 0U);
-        surface->UploadTexture(invalid_memory);
-        surface->MarkAsModified(false, Tick());
-        invalid_cache.emplace(i_target, surface);
-        return surface->GetMainView();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the a source and destination starting address and parameters,
-     * and tries to deduce if they are supposed to be depth textures. If so, their
-     * parameters are modified and fixed into so.
-     *
-     * @param src_params   The parameters of the candidate surface.
-     * @param dst_params   The parameters of the destination surface.
-     * @param src_gpu_addr The starting address of the candidate surface.
-     * @param dst_gpu_addr The starting address of the destination surface.
-     **/
-    void DeduceBestBlit(SurfaceParams& src_params, SurfaceParams& dst_params,
-                        const GPUVAddr src_gpu_addr, const GPUVAddr dst_gpu_addr) {
-        auto deduced_src = DeduceSurface(src_gpu_addr, src_params);
-        auto deduced_dst = DeduceSurface(dst_gpu_addr, dst_params);
-        if (deduced_src.Failed() || deduced_dst.Failed()) {
-            return;
+template <class P>
+ImageId TextureCache<P>::FindOrInsertImage(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                           RelaxedOptions options) {
+    if (const ImageId image_id = FindImage(info, gpu_addr, options); image_id) {
+        return image_id;
+    }
+    return InsertImage(info, gpu_addr, options);
+}
+
+template <class P>
+ImageId TextureCache<P>::FindImage(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                   RelaxedOptions options) {
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+    if (!cpu_addr) {
+        return ImageId{};
+    }
+    ImageId image_id;
+    const auto lambda = [&](ImageId existing_image_id, ImageBase& existing_image) {
+        if (info.type == ImageType::Linear || existing_image.info.type == ImageType::Linear) {
+            const bool strict_size = False(options & RelaxedOptions::Size) &&
+                                     True(existing_image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Strong);
+            const ImageInfo& existing = existing_image.info;
+            if (existing_image.gpu_addr == gpu_addr && existing.type == info.type &&
+                existing.pitch == info.pitch &&
+                IsPitchLinearSameSize(existing, info, strict_size) &&
+                IsViewCompatible(existing.format, info.format)) {
+                image_id = existing_image_id;
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else if (IsSubresource(info, existing_image, gpu_addr, options)) {
+            image_id = existing_image_id;
+            return true;
         }
+        return false;
+    };
+    ForEachImageInRegion(*cpu_addr, CalculateGuestSizeInBytes(info), lambda);
+    return image_id;
+}
 
-        const bool incomplete_src = deduced_src.Incomplete();
-        const bool incomplete_dst = deduced_dst.Incomplete();
+template <class P>
+ImageId TextureCache<P>::InsertImage(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                     RelaxedOptions options) {
+    const std::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr = gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(gpu_addr);
+    ASSERT_MSG(cpu_addr, "Tried to insert an image to an invalid gpu_addr=0x{:x}", gpu_addr);
+    const ImageId image_id = JoinImages(info, gpu_addr, *cpu_addr);
+    const Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    // Using "image.gpu_addr" instead of "gpu_addr" is important because it might be different
+    const auto [it, is_new] = image_allocs_table.try_emplace(image.gpu_addr);
+    if (is_new) {
+        it->second = slot_image_allocs.insert();
+    }
+    slot_image_allocs[it->second].images.push_back(image_id);
+    return image_id;
+}
 
-        if (incomplete_src && incomplete_dst) {
+template <class P>
+ImageId TextureCache<P>::JoinImages(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VAddr cpu_addr) {
+    ImageInfo new_info = info;
+    const size_t size_bytes = CalculateGuestSizeInBytes(new_info);
+    std::vector<ImageId> overlap_ids;
+    std::vector<ImageId> left_aliased_ids;
+    std::vector<ImageId> right_aliased_ids;
+    ForEachImageInRegion(cpu_addr, size_bytes, [&](ImageId overlap_id, ImageBase& overlap) {
+        if (info.type != overlap.info.type) {
             return;
         }
-
-        const bool any_incomplete = incomplete_src || incomplete_dst;
-
-        if (!any_incomplete) {
-            if (!(deduced_src.IsDepth() && deduced_dst.IsDepth())) {
-                return;
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (incomplete_src && !(deduced_dst.IsDepth())) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            if (incomplete_dst && !(deduced_src.IsDepth())) {
-                return;
+        if (info.type == ImageType::Linear) {
+            if (info.pitch == overlap.info.pitch && gpu_addr == overlap.gpu_addr) {
+                // Alias linear images with the same pitch
+                left_aliased_ids.push_back(overlap_id);
             }
+            return;
+        }
+        const auto solution = ResolveOverlap(new_info, gpu_addr, cpu_addr, overlap, true);
+        if (solution) {
+            gpu_addr = solution->gpu_addr;
+            cpu_addr = solution->cpu_addr;
+            new_info.resources = solution->resources;
+            overlap_ids.push_back(overlap_id);
+            return;
+        }
+        static constexpr auto options = RelaxedOptions::Size | RelaxedOptions::Format;
+        const ImageBase new_image_base(new_info, gpu_addr, cpu_addr);
+        if (IsSubresource(new_info, overlap, gpu_addr, options)) {
+            left_aliased_ids.push_back(overlap_id);
+        } else if (IsSubresource(overlap.info, new_image_base, overlap.gpu_addr, options)) {
+            right_aliased_ids.push_back(overlap_id);
         }
+    });
+    const ImageId new_image_id = slot_images.insert(runtime, new_info, gpu_addr, cpu_addr);
+    Image& new_image = slot_images[new_image_id];
 
-        const auto inherit_format = [](SurfaceParams& to, TSurface from) {
-            const SurfaceParams& params = from->GetSurfaceParams();
-            to.pixel_format = params.pixel_format;
-            to.type = params.type;
-        };
-        // Now we got the cases where one or both is Depth and the other is not known
-        if (!incomplete_src) {
-            inherit_format(src_params, deduced_src.surface);
+    // TODO: Only upload what we need
+    RefreshContents(new_image);
+
+    for (const ImageId overlap_id : overlap_ids) {
+        Image& overlap = slot_images[overlap_id];
+        if (overlap.info.num_samples != new_image.info.num_samples) {
+            LOG_WARNING(HW_GPU, "Copying between images with different samples is not implemented");
         } else {
-            inherit_format(src_params, deduced_dst.surface);
+            const SubresourceBase base = new_image.TryFindBase(overlap.gpu_addr).value();
+            const auto copies = MakeShrinkImageCopies(new_info, overlap.info, base);
+            runtime.CopyImage(new_image, overlap, copies);
         }
-        if (!incomplete_dst) {
-            inherit_format(dst_params, deduced_dst.surface);
-        } else {
-            inherit_format(dst_params, deduced_src.surface);
+        if (True(overlap.flags & ImageFlagBits::Tracked)) {
+            UntrackImage(overlap);
         }
+        UnregisterImage(overlap_id);
+        DeleteImage(overlap_id);
+    }
+    ImageBase& new_image_base = new_image;
+    for (const ImageId aliased_id : right_aliased_ids) {
+        ImageBase& aliased = slot_images[aliased_id];
+        AddImageAlias(new_image_base, aliased, new_image_id, aliased_id);
+    }
+    for (const ImageId aliased_id : left_aliased_ids) {
+        ImageBase& aliased = slot_images[aliased_id];
+        AddImageAlias(aliased, new_image_base, aliased_id, new_image_id);
     }
+    RegisterImage(new_image_id);
+    return new_image_id;
+}
 
-    std::pair<TSurface, TView> InitializeSurface(GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const SurfaceParams& params,
-                                                 bool preserve_contents) {
-        auto new_surface{GetUncachedSurface(gpu_addr, params)};
-        Register(new_surface);
-        if (preserve_contents) {
-            LoadSurface(new_surface);
-        }
-        return {new_surface, new_surface->GetMainView()};
+template <class P>
+typename TextureCache<P>::BlitImages TextureCache<P>::GetBlitImages(
+    const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& dst, const Tegra::Engines::Fermi2D::Surface& src) {
+    static constexpr auto FIND_OPTIONS = RelaxedOptions::Format | RelaxedOptions::Samples;
+    const GPUVAddr dst_addr = dst.Address();
+    const GPUVAddr src_addr = src.Address();
+    ImageInfo dst_info(dst);
+    ImageInfo src_info(src);
+    ImageId dst_id;
+    ImageId src_id;
+    do {
+        has_deleted_images = false;
+        dst_id = FindImage(dst_info, dst_addr, FIND_OPTIONS);
+        src_id = FindImage(src_info, src_addr, FIND_OPTIONS);
+        const ImageBase* const dst_image = dst_id ? &slot_images[dst_id] : nullptr;
+        const ImageBase* const src_image = src_id ? &slot_images[src_id] : nullptr;
+        DeduceBlitImages(dst_info, src_info, dst_image, src_image);
+        if (GetFormatType(dst_info.format) != GetFormatType(src_info.format)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!dst_id) {
+            dst_id = InsertImage(dst_info, dst_addr, RelaxedOptions{});
+        }
+        if (!src_id) {
+            src_id = InsertImage(src_info, src_addr, RelaxedOptions{});
+        }
+    } while (has_deleted_images);
+    return BlitImages{
+        .dst_id = dst_id,
+        .src_id = src_id,
+        .dst_format = dst_info.format,
+        .src_format = src_info.format,
+    };
+}
+
+template <class P>
+SamplerId TextureCache<P>::FindSampler(const TSCEntry& config) {
+    if (std::ranges::all_of(config.raw, [](u64 value) { return value == 0; })) {
+        return NULL_SAMPLER_ID;
+    }
+    const auto [pair, is_new] = samplers.try_emplace(config);
+    if (is_new) {
+        pair->second = slot_samplers.insert(runtime, config);
     }
+    return pair->second;
+}
 
-    void LoadSurface(const TSurface& surface) {
-        staging_cache.GetBuffer(0).resize(surface->GetHostSizeInBytes());
-        surface->LoadBuffer(gpu_memory, staging_cache);
-        surface->UploadTexture(staging_cache.GetBuffer(0));
-        surface->MarkAsModified(false, Tick());
+template <class P>
+ImageViewId TextureCache<P>::FindColorBuffer(size_t index, bool is_clear) {
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
+    if (index >= regs.rt_control.count) {
+        return ImageViewId{};
+    }
+    const auto& rt = regs.rt[index];
+    const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = rt.Address();
+    if (gpu_addr == 0) {
+        return ImageViewId{};
+    }
+    if (rt.format == Tegra::RenderTargetFormat::NONE) {
+        return ImageViewId{};
     }
+    const ImageInfo info(regs, index);
+    return FindRenderTargetView(info, gpu_addr, is_clear);
+}
 
-    void FlushSurface(const TSurface& surface) {
-        if (!surface->IsModified()) {
-            return;
-        }
-        staging_cache.GetBuffer(0).resize(surface->GetHostSizeInBytes());
-        surface->DownloadTexture(staging_cache.GetBuffer(0));
-        surface->FlushBuffer(gpu_memory, staging_cache);
-        surface->MarkAsModified(false, Tick());
-    }
-
-    void RegisterInnerCache(TSurface& surface) {
-        const VAddr cpu_addr = surface->GetCpuAddr();
-        VAddr start = cpu_addr >> registry_page_bits;
-        const VAddr end = (surface->GetCpuAddrEnd() - 1) >> registry_page_bits;
-        l1_cache[cpu_addr] = surface;
-        while (start <= end) {
-            registry[start].push_back(surface);
-            start++;
-        }
+template <class P>
+ImageViewId TextureCache<P>::FindDepthBuffer(bool is_clear) {
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
+    if (!regs.zeta_enable) {
+        return ImageViewId{};
+    }
+    const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = regs.zeta.Address();
+    if (gpu_addr == 0) {
+        return ImageViewId{};
     }
+    const ImageInfo info(regs);
+    return FindRenderTargetView(info, gpu_addr, is_clear);
+}
 
-    void UnregisterInnerCache(TSurface& surface) {
-        const VAddr cpu_addr = surface->GetCpuAddr();
-        VAddr start = cpu_addr >> registry_page_bits;
-        const VAddr end = (surface->GetCpuAddrEnd() - 1) >> registry_page_bits;
-        l1_cache.erase(cpu_addr);
-        while (start <= end) {
-            auto& reg{registry[start]};
-            reg.erase(std::find(reg.begin(), reg.end(), surface));
-            start++;
-        }
+template <class P>
+ImageViewId TextureCache<P>::FindRenderTargetView(const ImageInfo& info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                                  bool is_clear) {
+    const auto options = is_clear ? RelaxedOptions::Samples : RelaxedOptions{};
+    const ImageId image_id = FindOrInsertImage(info, gpu_addr, options);
+    if (!image_id) {
+        return NULL_IMAGE_VIEW_ID;
+    }
+    Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    const ImageViewType view_type = RenderTargetImageViewType(info);
+    SubresourceBase base;
+    if (image.info.type == ImageType::Linear) {
+        base = SubresourceBase{.level = 0, .layer = 0};
+    } else {
+        base = image.TryFindBase(gpu_addr).value();
     }
+    const s32 layers = image.info.type == ImageType::e3D ? info.size.depth : info.resources.layers;
+    const SubresourceRange range{
+        .base = base,
+        .extent = {.levels = 1, .layers = layers},
+    };
+    return FindOrEmplaceImageView(image_id, ImageViewInfo(view_type, info.format, range));
+}
 
-    VectorSurface GetSurfacesInRegion(const VAddr cpu_addr, const std::size_t size) {
-        if (size == 0) {
-            return {};
+template <class P>
+template <typename Func>
+void TextureCache<P>::ForEachImageInRegion(VAddr cpu_addr, size_t size, Func&& func) {
+    using FuncReturn = typename std::invoke_result<Func, ImageId, Image&>::type;
+    static constexpr bool BOOL_BREAK = std::is_same_v<FuncReturn, bool>;
+    boost::container::small_vector<ImageId, 32> images;
+    ForEachPage(cpu_addr, size, [this, &images, cpu_addr, size, func](u64 page) {
+        const auto it = page_table.find(page);
+        if (it == page_table.end()) {
+            if constexpr (BOOL_BREAK) {
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                return;
+            }
         }
-        const VAddr cpu_addr_end = cpu_addr + size;
-        const VAddr end = (cpu_addr_end - 1) >> registry_page_bits;
-        VectorSurface surfaces;
-        for (VAddr start = cpu_addr >> registry_page_bits; start <= end; ++start) {
-            const auto it = registry.find(start);
-            if (it == registry.end()) {
+        for (const ImageId image_id : it->second) {
+            Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+            if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Picked)) {
                 continue;
             }
-            for (auto& surface : it->second) {
-                if (surface->IsPicked() || !surface->Overlaps(cpu_addr, cpu_addr_end)) {
-                    continue;
+            if (!image.Overlaps(cpu_addr, size)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::Picked;
+            images.push_back(image_id);
+            if constexpr (BOOL_BREAK) {
+                if (func(image_id, image)) {
+                    return true;
                 }
-                surface->MarkAsPicked(true);
-                surfaces.push_back(surface);
+            } else {
+                func(image_id, image);
             }
         }
-        for (auto& surface : surfaces) {
-            surface->MarkAsPicked(false);
+        if constexpr (BOOL_BREAK) {
+            return false;
         }
-        return surfaces;
+    });
+    for (const ImageId image_id : images) {
+        slot_images[image_id].flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::Picked;
     }
+}
 
-    void ReserveSurface(const SurfaceParams& params, TSurface surface) {
-        surface_reserve[params].push_back(std::move(surface));
+template <class P>
+ImageViewId TextureCache<P>::FindOrEmplaceImageView(ImageId image_id, const ImageViewInfo& info) {
+    Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    if (const ImageViewId image_view_id = image.FindView(info); image_view_id) {
+        return image_view_id;
     }
+    const ImageViewId image_view_id = slot_image_views.insert(runtime, info, image_id, image);
+    image.InsertView(info, image_view_id);
+    return image_view_id;
+}
+
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::RegisterImage(ImageId image_id) {
+    ImageBase& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    ASSERT_MSG(False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Registered),
+               "Trying to register an already registered image");
+    image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::Registered;
+    ForEachPage(image.cpu_addr, image.guest_size_bytes,
+                [this, image_id](u64 page) { page_table[page].push_back(image_id); });
+}
 
-    TSurface TryGetReservedSurface(const SurfaceParams& params) {
-        auto search{surface_reserve.find(params)};
-        if (search == surface_reserve.end()) {
-            return {};
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::UnregisterImage(ImageId image_id) {
+    Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    ASSERT_MSG(True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Registered),
+               "Trying to unregister an already registered image");
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::Registered;
+    ForEachPage(image.cpu_addr, image.guest_size_bytes, [this, image_id](u64 page) {
+        const auto page_it = page_table.find(page);
+        if (page_it == page_table.end()) {
+            UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unregistering unregistered page=0x{:x}", page << PAGE_SHIFT);
+            return;
         }
-        for (auto& surface : search->second) {
-            if (!surface->IsRegistered()) {
-                return surface;
-            }
+        std::vector<ImageId>& image_ids = page_it->second;
+        const auto vector_it = std::ranges::find(image_ids, image_id);
+        if (vector_it == image_ids.end()) {
+            UNREACHABLE_MSG("Unregistering unregistered image in page=0x{:x}", page << PAGE_SHIFT);
+            return;
         }
-        return {};
-    }
+        image_ids.erase(vector_it);
+    });
+}
 
-    /// Try to do an image copy logging when formats are incompatible.
-    void TryCopyImage(TSurface& src, TSurface& dst, const CopyParams& copy) {
-        const SurfaceParams& src_params = src->GetSurfaceParams();
-        const SurfaceParams& dst_params = dst->GetSurfaceParams();
-        if (!format_compatibility.TestCopy(src_params.pixel_format, dst_params.pixel_format)) {
-            LOG_ERROR(HW_GPU, "Illegal copy between formats={{{}, {}}}", dst_params.pixel_format,
-                      src_params.pixel_format);
-            return;
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::TrackImage(ImageBase& image) {
+    ASSERT(False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Tracked));
+    image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::Tracked;
+    rasterizer.UpdatePagesCachedCount(image.cpu_addr, image.guest_size_bytes, 1);
+}
+
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::UntrackImage(ImageBase& image) {
+    ASSERT(True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Tracked));
+    image.flags &= ~ImageFlagBits::Tracked;
+    rasterizer.UpdatePagesCachedCount(image.cpu_addr, image.guest_size_bytes, -1);
+}
+
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::DeleteImage(ImageId image_id) {
+    ImageBase& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    const GPUVAddr gpu_addr = image.gpu_addr;
+    const auto alloc_it = image_allocs_table.find(gpu_addr);
+    if (alloc_it == image_allocs_table.end()) {
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Trying to delete an image alloc that does not exist in address 0x{:x}",
+                        gpu_addr);
+        return;
+    }
+    const ImageAllocId alloc_id = alloc_it->second;
+    std::vector<ImageId>& alloc_images = slot_image_allocs[alloc_id].images;
+    const auto alloc_image_it = std::ranges::find(alloc_images, image_id);
+    if (alloc_image_it == alloc_images.end()) {
+        UNREACHABLE_MSG("Trying to delete an image that does not exist");
+        return;
+    }
+    ASSERT_MSG(False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Tracked), "Image was not untracked");
+    ASSERT_MSG(False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Registered), "Image was not unregistered");
+
+    // Mark render targets as dirty
+    auto& dirty = maxwell3d.dirty.flags;
+    dirty[Dirty::RenderTargets] = true;
+    dirty[Dirty::ZetaBuffer] = true;
+    for (size_t rt = 0; rt < NUM_RT; ++rt) {
+        dirty[Dirty::ColorBuffer0 + rt] = true;
+    }
+    const std::span<const ImageViewId> image_view_ids = image.image_view_ids;
+    for (const ImageViewId image_view_id : image_view_ids) {
+        std::ranges::replace(render_targets.color_buffer_ids, image_view_id, ImageViewId{});
+        if (render_targets.depth_buffer_id == image_view_id) {
+            render_targets.depth_buffer_id = ImageViewId{};
         }
-        ImageCopy(src, dst, copy);
     }
+    RemoveImageViewReferences(image_view_ids);
+    RemoveFramebuffers(image_view_ids);
+
+    for (const AliasedImage& alias : image.aliased_images) {
+        ImageBase& other_image = slot_images[alias.id];
+        [[maybe_unused]] const size_t num_removed_aliases =
+            std::erase_if(other_image.aliased_images, [image_id](const AliasedImage& other_alias) {
+                return other_alias.id == image_id;
+            });
+        ASSERT_MSG(num_removed_aliases == 1, "Invalid number of removed aliases: {}",
+                   num_removed_aliases);
+    }
+    for (const ImageViewId image_view_id : image_view_ids) {
+        sentenced_image_view.Push(std::move(slot_image_views[image_view_id]));
+        slot_image_views.erase(image_view_id);
+    }
+    sentenced_images.Push(std::move(slot_images[image_id]));
+    slot_images.erase(image_id);
 
-    constexpr PixelFormat GetSiblingFormat(PixelFormat format) const {
-        return siblings_table[static_cast<std::size_t>(format)];
+    alloc_images.erase(alloc_image_it);
+    if (alloc_images.empty()) {
+        image_allocs_table.erase(alloc_it);
     }
+    if constexpr (ENABLE_VALIDATION) {
+        std::ranges::fill(graphics_image_view_ids, CORRUPT_ID);
+        std::ranges::fill(compute_image_view_ids, CORRUPT_ID);
+    }
+    graphics_image_table.Invalidate();
+    compute_image_table.Invalidate();
+    has_deleted_images = true;
+}
 
-    /// Returns true the shader sampler entry is compatible with the TIC texture type.
-    static bool IsTypeCompatible(Tegra::Texture::TextureType tic_type,
-                                 const VideoCommon::Shader::Sampler& entry) {
-        const auto shader_type = entry.type;
-        switch (tic_type) {
-        case Tegra::Texture::TextureType::Texture1D:
-        case Tegra::Texture::TextureType::Texture1DArray:
-            return shader_type == Tegra::Shader::TextureType::Texture1D;
-        case Tegra::Texture::TextureType::Texture1DBuffer:
-            // TODO(Rodrigo): Assume as valid for now
-            return true;
-        case Tegra::Texture::TextureType::Texture2D:
-        case Tegra::Texture::TextureType::Texture2DNoMipmap:
-            return shader_type == Tegra::Shader::TextureType::Texture2D;
-        case Tegra::Texture::TextureType::Texture2DArray:
-            return shader_type == Tegra::Shader::TextureType::Texture2D ||
-                   shader_type == Tegra::Shader::TextureType::TextureCube;
-        case Tegra::Texture::TextureType::Texture3D:
-            return shader_type == Tegra::Shader::TextureType::Texture3D;
-        case Tegra::Texture::TextureType::TextureCubeArray:
-        case Tegra::Texture::TextureType::TextureCubemap:
-            if (shader_type == Tegra::Shader::TextureType::TextureCube) {
-                return true;
-            }
-            return shader_type == Tegra::Shader::TextureType::Texture2D && entry.is_array;
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::RemoveImageViewReferences(std::span<const ImageViewId> removed_views) {
+    auto it = image_views.begin();
+    while (it != image_views.end()) {
+        const auto found = std::ranges::find(removed_views, it->second);
+        if (found != removed_views.end()) {
+            it = image_views.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            ++it;
         }
-        UNREACHABLE();
-        return true;
     }
+}
 
-    struct FramebufferTargetInfo {
-        TSurface target;
-        TView view;
-    };
-
-    void AsyncFlushSurface(TSurface& surface) {
-        if (!uncommitted_flushes) {
-            uncommitted_flushes = std::make_shared<std::list<TSurface>>();
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::RemoveFramebuffers(std::span<const ImageViewId> removed_views) {
+    auto it = framebuffers.begin();
+    while (it != framebuffers.end()) {
+        if (it->first.Contains(removed_views)) {
+            it = framebuffers.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            ++it;
         }
-        uncommitted_flushes->push_back(surface);
     }
+}
 
-    VideoCore::RasterizerInterface& rasterizer;
-    Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D& maxwell3d;
-    Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory;
-
-    FormatLookupTable format_lookup_table;
-    FormatCompatibility format_compatibility;
-
-    u64 ticks{};
-
-    // Guards the cache for protection conflicts.
-    bool guard_render_targets{};
-    bool guard_samplers{};
-
-    // The siblings table is for formats that can inter exchange with one another
-    // without causing issues. This is only valid when a conflict occurs on a non
-    // rendering use.
-    std::array<PixelFormat, static_cast<std::size_t>(PixelFormat::Max)> siblings_table;
-
-    // The internal Cache is different for the Texture Cache. It's based on buckets
-    // of 1MB. This fits better for the purpose of this cache as textures are normaly
-    // large in size.
-    static constexpr u64 registry_page_bits{20};
-    static constexpr u64 registry_page_size{1 << registry_page_bits};
-    std::unordered_map<VAddr, std::vector<TSurface>> registry;
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::MarkModification(ImageBase& image) noexcept {
+    image.flags |= ImageFlagBits::GpuModified;
+    image.modification_tick = ++modification_tick;
+}
 
-    static constexpr u32 DEPTH_RT = 8;
-    static constexpr u32 NO_RT = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::SynchronizeAliases(ImageId image_id) {
+    boost::container::small_vector<const AliasedImage*, 1> aliased_images;
+    ImageBase& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    u64 most_recent_tick = image.modification_tick;
+    for (const AliasedImage& aliased : image.aliased_images) {
+        ImageBase& aliased_image = slot_images[aliased.id];
+        if (image.modification_tick < aliased_image.modification_tick) {
+            most_recent_tick = std::max(most_recent_tick, aliased_image.modification_tick);
+            aliased_images.push_back(&aliased);
+        }
+    }
+    if (aliased_images.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    image.modification_tick = most_recent_tick;
+    std::ranges::sort(aliased_images, [this](const AliasedImage* lhs, const AliasedImage* rhs) {
+        const ImageBase& lhs_image = slot_images[lhs->id];
+        const ImageBase& rhs_image = slot_images[rhs->id];
+        return lhs_image.modification_tick < rhs_image.modification_tick;
+    });
+    for (const AliasedImage* const aliased : aliased_images) {
+        CopyImage(image_id, aliased->id, aliased->copies);
+    }
+}
 
-    // The L1 Cache is used for fast texture lookup before checking the overlaps
-    // This avoids calculating size and other stuffs.
-    std::unordered_map<VAddr, TSurface> l1_cache;
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::PrepareImage(ImageId image_id, bool is_modification, bool invalidate) {
+    Image& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    if (invalidate) {
+        image.flags &= ~(ImageFlagBits::CpuModified | ImageFlagBits::GpuModified);
+        if (False(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Tracked)) {
+            TrackImage(image);
+        }
+    } else {
+        RefreshContents(image);
+        SynchronizeAliases(image_id);
+    }
+    if (is_modification) {
+        MarkModification(image);
+    }
+    image.frame_tick = frame_tick;
+}
 
-    /// The surface reserve is a "backup" cache, this is where we put unique surfaces that have
-    /// previously been used. This is to prevent surfaces from being constantly created and
-    /// destroyed when used with different surface parameters.
-    std::unordered_map<SurfaceParams, std::vector<TSurface>> surface_reserve;
-    std::array<FramebufferTargetInfo, Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::NumRenderTargets>
-        render_targets;
-    FramebufferTargetInfo depth_buffer;
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::PrepareImageView(ImageViewId image_view_id, bool is_modification,
+                                       bool invalidate) {
+    if (!image_view_id) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const ImageViewBase& image_view = slot_image_views[image_view_id];
+    PrepareImage(image_view.image_id, is_modification, invalidate);
+}
 
-    std::vector<TSurface> sampled_textures;
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::CopyImage(ImageId dst_id, ImageId src_id, std::span<const ImageCopy> copies) {
+    Image& dst = slot_images[dst_id];
+    Image& src = slot_images[src_id];
+    const auto dst_format_type = GetFormatType(dst.info.format);
+    const auto src_format_type = GetFormatType(src.info.format);
+    if (src_format_type == dst_format_type) {
+        if constexpr (HAS_EMULATED_COPIES) {
+            if (!runtime.CanImageBeCopied(dst, src)) {
+                return runtime.EmulateCopyImage(dst, src, copies);
+            }
+        }
+        return runtime.CopyImage(dst, src, copies);
+    }
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(dst.info.type != ImageType::e2D);
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(src.info.type != ImageType::e2D);
+    for (const ImageCopy& copy : copies) {
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(copy.dst_subresource.num_layers != 1);
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(copy.src_subresource.num_layers != 1);
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(copy.src_offset != Offset3D{});
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(copy.dst_offset != Offset3D{});
+
+        const SubresourceBase dst_base{
+            .level = copy.dst_subresource.base_level,
+            .layer = copy.dst_subresource.base_layer,
+        };
+        const SubresourceBase src_base{
+            .level = copy.src_subresource.base_level,
+            .layer = copy.src_subresource.base_layer,
+        };
+        const SubresourceExtent dst_extent{.levels = 1, .layers = 1};
+        const SubresourceExtent src_extent{.levels = 1, .layers = 1};
+        const SubresourceRange dst_range{.base = dst_base, .extent = dst_extent};
+        const SubresourceRange src_range{.base = src_base, .extent = src_extent};
+        const ImageViewInfo dst_view_info(ImageViewType::e2D, dst.info.format, dst_range);
+        const ImageViewInfo src_view_info(ImageViewType::e2D, src.info.format, src_range);
+        const auto [dst_framebuffer_id, dst_view_id] = RenderTargetFromImage(dst_id, dst_view_info);
+        Framebuffer* const dst_framebuffer = &slot_framebuffers[dst_framebuffer_id];
+        const ImageViewId src_view_id = FindOrEmplaceImageView(src_id, src_view_info);
+        ImageView& dst_view = slot_image_views[dst_view_id];
+        ImageView& src_view = slot_image_views[src_view_id];
+        [[maybe_unused]] const Extent3D expected_size{
+            .width = std::min(dst_view.size.width, src_view.size.width),
+            .height = std::min(dst_view.size.height, src_view.size.height),
+            .depth = std::min(dst_view.size.depth, src_view.size.depth),
+        };
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(copy.extent != expected_size);
 
-    /// This cache stores null surfaces in order to be used as a placeholder
-    /// for invalid texture calls.
-    std::unordered_map<u32, TSurface> invalid_cache;
-    std::vector<u8> invalid_memory;
+        runtime.ConvertImage(dst_framebuffer, dst_view, src_view);
+    }
+}
 
-    std::list<TSurface> marked_for_unregister;
+template <class P>
+void TextureCache<P>::BindRenderTarget(ImageViewId* old_id, ImageViewId new_id) {
+    if (*old_id == new_id) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (*old_id) {
+        const ImageViewBase& old_view = slot_image_views[*old_id];
+        if (True(old_view.flags & ImageViewFlagBits::PreemtiveDownload)) {
+            uncommitted_downloads.push_back(old_view.image_id);
+        }
+    }
+    *old_id = new_id;
+}
 
-    std::shared_ptr<std::list<TSurface>> uncommitted_flushes{};
-    std::list<std::shared_ptr<std::list<TSurface>>> committed_flushes;
+template <class P>
+std::pair<FramebufferId, ImageViewId> TextureCache<P>::RenderTargetFromImage(
+    ImageId image_id, const ImageViewInfo& view_info) {
+    const ImageViewId view_id = FindOrEmplaceImageView(image_id, view_info);
+    const ImageBase& image = slot_images[image_id];
+    const bool is_color = GetFormatType(image.info.format) == SurfaceType::ColorTexture;
+    const ImageViewId color_view_id = is_color ? view_id : ImageViewId{};
+    const ImageViewId depth_view_id = is_color ? ImageViewId{} : view_id;
+    const Extent3D extent = MipSize(image.info.size, view_info.range.base.level);
+    const u32 num_samples = image.info.num_samples;
+    const auto [samples_x, samples_y] = SamplesLog2(num_samples);
+    const FramebufferId framebuffer_id = GetFramebufferId(RenderTargets{
+        .color_buffer_ids = {color_view_id},
+        .depth_buffer_id = depth_view_id,
+        .size = {extent.width >> samples_x, extent.height >> samples_y},
+    });
+    return {framebuffer_id, view_id};
+}
 
-    StagingCache staging_cache;
-    std::recursive_mutex mutex;
-};
+template <class P>
+bool TextureCache<P>::IsFullClear(ImageViewId id) {
+    if (!id) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    const ImageViewBase& image_view = slot_image_views[id];
+    const ImageBase& image = slot_images[image_view.image_id];
+    const Extent3D size = image_view.size;
+    const auto& regs = maxwell3d.regs;
+    const auto& scissor = regs.scissor_test[0];
+    if (image.info.resources.levels > 1 || image.info.resources.layers > 1) {
+        // Images with multiple resources can't be cleared in a single call
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (regs.clear_flags.scissor == 0) {
+        // If scissor testing is disabled, the clear is always full
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Make sure the clear covers all texels in the subresource
+    return scissor.min_x == 0 && scissor.min_y == 0 && scissor.max_x >= size.width &&
+           scissor.max_y >= size.height;
+}
 
 } // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/types.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/types.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ad2d72a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/types.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2019 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "common/common_funcs.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/slot_vector.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+constexpr size_t NUM_RT = 8;
+constexpr size_t MAX_MIP_LEVELS = 14;
+
+constexpr SlotId CORRUPT_ID{0xfffffffe};
+
+using ImageId = SlotId;
+using ImageViewId = SlotId;
+using ImageAllocId = SlotId;
+using SamplerId = SlotId;
+using FramebufferId = SlotId;
+
+enum class ImageType : u32 {
+    e1D,
+    e2D,
+    e3D,
+    Linear,
+    Buffer,
+};
+
+enum class ImageViewType : u32 {
+    e1D,
+    e2D,
+    Cube,
+    e3D,
+    e1DArray,
+    e2DArray,
+    CubeArray,
+    Rect,
+    Buffer,
+};
+constexpr size_t NUM_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPES = 9;
+
+enum class RelaxedOptions : u32 {
+    Size = 1 << 0,
+    Format = 1 << 1,
+    Samples = 1 << 2,
+};
+DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(RelaxedOptions)
+
+struct Offset2D {
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const Offset2D&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    s32 x;
+    s32 y;
+};
+
+struct Offset3D {
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const Offset3D&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    s32 x;
+    s32 y;
+    s32 z;
+};
+
+struct Extent2D {
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const Extent2D&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    u32 width;
+    u32 height;
+};
+
+struct Extent3D {
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const Extent3D&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    u32 width;
+    u32 height;
+    u32 depth;
+};
+
+struct SubresourceLayers {
+    s32 base_level = 0;
+    s32 base_layer = 0;
+    s32 num_layers = 1;
+};
+
+struct SubresourceBase {
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const SubresourceBase&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    s32 level = 0;
+    s32 layer = 0;
+};
+
+struct SubresourceExtent {
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const SubresourceExtent&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    s32 levels = 1;
+    s32 layers = 1;
+};
+
+struct SubresourceRange {
+    constexpr auto operator<=>(const SubresourceRange&) const noexcept = default;
+
+    SubresourceBase base;
+    SubresourceExtent extent;
+};
+
+struct ImageCopy {
+    SubresourceLayers src_subresource;
+    SubresourceLayers dst_subresource;
+    Offset3D src_offset;
+    Offset3D dst_offset;
+    Extent3D extent;
+};
+
+struct BufferImageCopy {
+    size_t buffer_offset;
+    size_t buffer_size;
+    u32 buffer_row_length;
+    u32 buffer_image_height;
+    SubresourceLayers image_subresource;
+    Offset3D image_offset;
+    Extent3D image_extent;
+};
+
+struct BufferCopy {
+    size_t src_offset;
+    size_t dst_offset;
+    size_t size;
+};
+
+struct SwizzleParameters {
+    Extent3D num_tiles;
+    Extent3D block;
+    size_t buffer_offset;
+    s32 level;
+};
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/util.cpp b/src/video_core/texture_cache/util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ed1fc007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1232 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+// This files contains code from Ryujinx
+// A copy of the code can be obtained from https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx
+// The sections using code from Ryujinx are marked with a link to the original version
+
+// MIT License
+//
+// Copyright (c) Ryujinx Team and Contributors
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and
+// associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
+// including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute,
+// sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
+// substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT
+// NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+// DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/alignment.h"
+#include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/bit_util.h"
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/div_ceil.h"
+#include "video_core/compatible_formats.h"
+#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
+#include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/decode_bc4.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/format_lookup_table.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/formatter.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/samples_helper.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/util.h"
+#include "video_core/textures/astc.h"
+#include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+namespace {
+
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_SHIFT;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_X;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_Y;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_Z;
+using Tegra::Texture::GOB_SIZE_Z_SHIFT;
+using Tegra::Texture::MsaaMode;
+using Tegra::Texture::SwizzleTexture;
+using Tegra::Texture::TextureFormat;
+using Tegra::Texture::TextureType;
+using Tegra::Texture::TICEntry;
+using Tegra::Texture::UnswizzleTexture;
+using VideoCore::Surface::BytesPerBlock;
+using VideoCore::Surface::DefaultBlockHeight;
+using VideoCore::Surface::DefaultBlockWidth;
+using VideoCore::Surface::IsCopyCompatible;
+using VideoCore::Surface::IsPixelFormatASTC;
+using VideoCore::Surface::IsViewCompatible;
+using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromDepthFormat;
+using VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat;
+using VideoCore::Surface::SurfaceType;
+
+constexpr u32 CONVERTED_BYTES_PER_BLOCK = BytesPerBlock(PixelFormat::A8B8G8R8_UNORM);
+
+struct LevelInfo {
+    Extent3D size;
+    Extent3D block;
+    Extent2D tile_size;
+    u32 bpp_log2;
+    u32 tile_width_spacing;
+};
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 AdjustTileSize(u32 shift, u32 unit_factor, u32 dimension) {
+    if (shift == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    u32 x = unit_factor << (shift - 1);
+    if (x >= dimension) {
+        while (--shift) {
+            x >>= 1;
+            if (x < dimension) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return shift;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 AdjustMipSize(u32 size, u32 level) {
+    return std::max<u32>(size >> level, 1);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr Extent3D AdjustMipSize(Extent3D size, s32 level) {
+    return Extent3D{
+        .width = AdjustMipSize(size.width, level),
+        .height = AdjustMipSize(size.height, level),
+        .depth = AdjustMipSize(size.depth, level),
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] Extent3D AdjustSamplesSize(Extent3D size, s32 num_samples) {
+    const auto [samples_x, samples_y] = SamplesLog2(num_samples);
+    return Extent3D{
+        .width = size.width >> samples_x,
+        .height = size.height >> samples_y,
+        .depth = size.depth,
+    };
+}
+
+template <u32 GOB_EXTENT>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 AdjustMipBlockSize(u32 num_tiles, u32 block_size, u32 level) {
+    do {
+        while (block_size > 0 && num_tiles <= (1U << (block_size - 1)) * GOB_EXTENT) {
+            --block_size;
+        }
+    } while (level--);
+    return block_size;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr Extent3D AdjustMipBlockSize(Extent3D num_tiles, Extent3D block_size,
+                                                    u32 level) {
+    return {
+        .width = AdjustMipBlockSize<GOB_SIZE_X>(num_tiles.width, block_size.width, level),
+        .height = AdjustMipBlockSize<GOB_SIZE_Y>(num_tiles.height, block_size.height, level),
+        .depth = AdjustMipBlockSize<GOB_SIZE_Z>(num_tiles.depth, block_size.depth, level),
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr Extent3D AdjustTileSize(Extent3D size, Extent2D tile_size) {
+    return {
+        .width = Common::DivCeil(size.width, tile_size.width),
+        .height = Common::DivCeil(size.height, tile_size.height),
+        .depth = size.depth,
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 BytesPerBlockLog2(u32 bytes_per_block) {
+    return std::countl_zero(bytes_per_block) ^ 0x1F;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 BytesPerBlockLog2(PixelFormat format) {
+    return BytesPerBlockLog2(BytesPerBlock(format));
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 NumBlocks(Extent3D size, Extent2D tile_size) {
+    const Extent3D num_blocks = AdjustTileSize(size, tile_size);
+    return num_blocks.width * num_blocks.height * num_blocks.depth;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 AdjustSize(u32 size, u32 level, u32 block_size) {
+    return Common::DivCeil(AdjustMipSize(size, level), block_size);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 LayerSize(const TICEntry& config, PixelFormat format) {
+    return config.Width() * config.Height() * BytesPerBlock(format);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool HasTwoDimsPerLayer(TextureType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+    case TextureType::Texture2D:
+    case TextureType::Texture2DArray:
+    case TextureType::Texture2DNoMipmap:
+    case TextureType::Texture3D:
+    case TextureType::TextureCubeArray:
+    case TextureType::TextureCubemap:
+        return true;
+    case TextureType::Texture1D:
+    case TextureType::Texture1DArray:
+    case TextureType::Texture1DBuffer:
+        return false;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool HasTwoDimsPerLayer(ImageType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+    case ImageType::e2D:
+    case ImageType::e3D:
+    case ImageType::Linear:
+        return true;
+    case ImageType::e1D:
+    case ImageType::Buffer:
+        return false;
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid image type={}", static_cast<int>(type));
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::pair<int, int> Samples(int num_samples) {
+    switch (num_samples) {
+    case 1:
+        return {1, 1};
+    case 2:
+        return {2, 1};
+    case 4:
+        return {2, 2};
+    case 8:
+        return {4, 2};
+    case 16:
+        return {4, 4};
+    }
+    UNREACHABLE_MSG("Invalid number of samples={}", num_samples);
+    return {1, 1};
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr Extent2D DefaultBlockSize(PixelFormat format) {
+    return {DefaultBlockWidth(format), DefaultBlockHeight(format)};
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr Extent3D NumLevelBlocks(const LevelInfo& info, u32 level) {
+    return Extent3D{
+        .width = AdjustSize(info.size.width, level, info.tile_size.width) << info.bpp_log2,
+        .height = AdjustSize(info.size.height, level, info.tile_size.height),
+        .depth = AdjustMipSize(info.size.depth, level),
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr Extent3D TileShift(const LevelInfo& info, u32 level) {
+    const Extent3D blocks = NumLevelBlocks(info, level);
+    return Extent3D{
+        .width = AdjustTileSize(info.block.width, GOB_SIZE_X, blocks.width),
+        .height = AdjustTileSize(info.block.height, GOB_SIZE_Y, blocks.height),
+        .depth = AdjustTileSize(info.block.depth, GOB_SIZE_Z, blocks.depth),
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr Extent2D GobSize(u32 bpp_log2, u32 block_height, u32 tile_width_spacing) {
+    return Extent2D{
+        .width = GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT - bpp_log2 + tile_width_spacing,
+        .height = GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT + block_height,
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool IsSmallerThanGobSize(Extent3D num_tiles, Extent2D gob,
+                                                  u32 block_depth) {
+    return num_tiles.width <= (1U << gob.width) || num_tiles.height <= (1U << gob.height) ||
+           num_tiles.depth < (1U << block_depth);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 StrideAlignment(Extent3D num_tiles, Extent3D block, Extent2D gob,
+                                            u32 bpp_log2) {
+    if (IsSmallerThanGobSize(num_tiles, gob, block.depth)) {
+        return GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT - bpp_log2;
+    } else {
+        return gob.width;
+    }
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 StrideAlignment(Extent3D num_tiles, Extent3D block, u32 bpp_log2,
+                                            u32 tile_width_spacing) {
+    const Extent2D gob = GobSize(bpp_log2, block.height, tile_width_spacing);
+    return StrideAlignment(num_tiles, block, gob, bpp_log2);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr Extent2D NumGobs(const LevelInfo& info, u32 level) {
+    const Extent3D blocks = NumLevelBlocks(info, level);
+    const Extent2D gobs{
+        .width = Common::DivCeilLog2(blocks.width, GOB_SIZE_X_SHIFT),
+        .height = Common::DivCeilLog2(blocks.height, GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT),
+    };
+    const Extent2D gob = GobSize(info.bpp_log2, info.block.height, info.tile_width_spacing);
+    const bool is_small = IsSmallerThanGobSize(blocks, gob, info.block.depth);
+    const u32 alignment = is_small ? 0 : info.tile_width_spacing;
+    return Extent2D{
+        .width = Common::AlignBits(gobs.width, alignment),
+        .height = gobs.height,
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr Extent3D LevelTiles(const LevelInfo& info, u32 level) {
+    const Extent3D blocks = NumLevelBlocks(info, level);
+    const Extent3D tile_shift = TileShift(info, level);
+    const Extent2D gobs = NumGobs(info, level);
+    return Extent3D{
+        .width = Common::DivCeilLog2(gobs.width, tile_shift.width),
+        .height = Common::DivCeilLog2(gobs.height, tile_shift.height),
+        .depth = Common::DivCeilLog2(blocks.depth, tile_shift.depth),
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 CalculateLevelSize(const LevelInfo& info, u32 level) {
+    const Extent3D tile_shift = TileShift(info, level);
+    const Extent3D tiles = LevelTiles(info, level);
+    const u32 num_tiles = tiles.width * tiles.height * tiles.depth;
+    const u32 shift = GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + tile_shift.width + tile_shift.height + tile_shift.depth;
+    return num_tiles << shift;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr std::array<u32, MAX_MIP_LEVELS> CalculateLevelSizes(const LevelInfo& info,
+                                                                            u32 num_levels) {
+    ASSERT(num_levels <= MAX_MIP_LEVELS);
+    std::array<u32, MAX_MIP_LEVELS> sizes{};
+    for (u32 level = 0; level < num_levels; ++level) {
+        sizes[level] = CalculateLevelSize(info, level);
+    }
+    return sizes;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr LevelInfo MakeLevelInfo(PixelFormat format, Extent3D size, Extent3D block,
+                                                u32 num_samples, u32 tile_width_spacing) {
+    const auto [samples_x, samples_y] = Samples(num_samples);
+    const u32 bytes_per_block = BytesPerBlock(format);
+    return {
+        .size =
+            {
+                .width = size.width * samples_x,
+                .height = size.height * samples_y,
+                .depth = size.depth,
+            },
+        .block = block,
+        .tile_size = DefaultBlockSize(format),
+        .bpp_log2 = BytesPerBlockLog2(bytes_per_block),
+        .tile_width_spacing = tile_width_spacing,
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr LevelInfo MakeLevelInfo(const ImageInfo& info) {
+    return MakeLevelInfo(info.format, info.size, info.block, info.num_samples,
+                         info.tile_width_spacing);
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 CalculateLevelOffset(PixelFormat format, Extent3D size, Extent3D block,
+                                                 u32 num_samples, u32 tile_width_spacing,
+                                                 u32 level) {
+    const LevelInfo info = MakeLevelInfo(format, size, block, num_samples, tile_width_spacing);
+    u32 offset = 0;
+    for (u32 current_level = 0; current_level < level; ++current_level) {
+        offset += CalculateLevelSize(info, current_level);
+    }
+    return offset;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 AlignLayerSize(u32 size_bytes, Extent3D size, Extent3D block,
+                                           u32 tile_size_y, u32 tile_width_spacing) {
+    // https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/blob/1c9aba6de1520aea5480c032e0ff5664ac1bb36f/Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture/SizeCalculator.cs#L134
+    if (tile_width_spacing > 0) {
+        const u32 alignment_log2 = GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + tile_width_spacing + block.height + block.depth;
+        return Common::AlignBits(size_bytes, alignment_log2);
+    }
+    const u32 aligned_height = Common::AlignUp(size.height, tile_size_y);
+    while (block.height != 0 && aligned_height <= (1U << (block.height - 1)) * GOB_SIZE_Y) {
+        --block.height;
+    }
+    while (block.depth != 0 && size.depth <= (1U << (block.depth - 1))) {
+        --block.depth;
+    }
+    const u32 block_shift = GOB_SIZE_SHIFT + block.height + block.depth;
+    const u32 num_blocks = size_bytes >> block_shift;
+    if (size_bytes != num_blocks << block_shift) {
+        return (num_blocks + 1) << block_shift;
+    }
+    return size_bytes;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::optional<SubresourceExtent> ResolveOverlapEqualAddress(const ImageInfo& new_info,
+                                                                          const ImageBase& overlap,
+                                                                          bool strict_size) {
+    const ImageInfo& info = overlap.info;
+    if (!IsBlockLinearSizeCompatible(new_info, info, 0, 0, strict_size)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (new_info.block != info.block) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const SubresourceExtent resources = new_info.resources;
+    return SubresourceExtent{
+        .levels = std::max(resources.levels, info.resources.levels),
+        .layers = std::max(resources.layers, info.resources.layers),
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::optional<SubresourceExtent> ResolveOverlapRightAddress3D(
+    const ImageInfo& new_info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const ImageBase& overlap, bool strict_size) {
+    const std::vector<u32> slice_offsets = CalculateSliceOffsets(new_info);
+    const u32 diff = static_cast<u32>(overlap.gpu_addr - gpu_addr);
+    const auto it = std::ranges::find(slice_offsets, diff);
+    if (it == slice_offsets.end()) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const std::vector subresources = CalculateSliceSubresources(new_info);
+    const SubresourceBase base = subresources[std::distance(slice_offsets.begin(), it)];
+    const ImageInfo& info = overlap.info;
+    if (!IsBlockLinearSizeCompatible(new_info, info, base.level, 0, strict_size)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const u32 mip_depth = std::max(1U, new_info.size.depth << base.level);
+    if (mip_depth < info.size.depth + base.layer) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (MipBlockSize(new_info, base.level) != info.block) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return SubresourceExtent{
+        .levels = std::max(new_info.resources.levels, info.resources.levels + base.level),
+        .layers = 1,
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::optional<SubresourceExtent> ResolveOverlapRightAddress2D(
+    const ImageInfo& new_info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const ImageBase& overlap, bool strict_size) {
+    const u32 layer_stride = new_info.layer_stride;
+    const s32 new_size = layer_stride * new_info.resources.layers;
+    const s32 diff = static_cast<s32>(overlap.gpu_addr - gpu_addr);
+    if (diff > new_size) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const s32 base_layer = diff / layer_stride;
+    const s32 mip_offset = diff % layer_stride;
+    const std::array offsets = CalculateMipLevelOffsets(new_info);
+    const auto end = offsets.begin() + new_info.resources.levels;
+    const auto it = std::find(offsets.begin(), end, mip_offset);
+    if (it == end) {
+        // Mipmap is not aligned to any valid size
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const SubresourceBase base{
+        .level = static_cast<s32>(std::distance(offsets.begin(), it)),
+        .layer = base_layer,
+    };
+    const ImageInfo& info = overlap.info;
+    if (!IsBlockLinearSizeCompatible(new_info, info, base.level, 0, strict_size)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (MipBlockSize(new_info, base.level) != info.block) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return SubresourceExtent{
+        .levels = std::max(new_info.resources.levels, info.resources.levels + base.level),
+        .layers = std::max(new_info.resources.layers, info.resources.layers + base.layer),
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::optional<OverlapResult> ResolveOverlapRightAddress(const ImageInfo& new_info,
+                                                                      GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                                                      VAddr cpu_addr,
+                                                                      const ImageBase& overlap,
+                                                                      bool strict_size) {
+    std::optional<SubresourceExtent> resources;
+    if (new_info.type != ImageType::e3D) {
+        resources = ResolveOverlapRightAddress2D(new_info, gpu_addr, overlap, strict_size);
+    } else {
+        resources = ResolveOverlapRightAddress3D(new_info, gpu_addr, overlap, strict_size);
+    }
+    if (!resources) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    return OverlapResult{
+        .gpu_addr = gpu_addr,
+        .cpu_addr = cpu_addr,
+        .resources = *resources,
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::optional<OverlapResult> ResolveOverlapLeftAddress(const ImageInfo& new_info,
+                                                                     GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                                                     VAddr cpu_addr,
+                                                                     const ImageBase& overlap,
+                                                                     bool strict_size) {
+    const std::optional<SubresourceBase> base = overlap.TryFindBase(gpu_addr);
+    if (!base) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const ImageInfo& info = overlap.info;
+    if (!IsBlockLinearSizeCompatible(new_info, info, base->level, 0, strict_size)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (new_info.block != MipBlockSize(info, base->level)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const SubresourceExtent resources = new_info.resources;
+    s32 layers = 1;
+    if (info.type != ImageType::e3D) {
+        layers = std::max(resources.layers, info.resources.layers + base->layer);
+    }
+    return OverlapResult{
+        .gpu_addr = overlap.gpu_addr,
+        .cpu_addr = overlap.cpu_addr,
+        .resources =
+            {
+                .levels = std::max(resources.levels + base->level, info.resources.levels),
+                .layers = layers,
+            },
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] Extent2D PitchLinearAlignedSize(const ImageInfo& info) {
+    // https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/blob/1c9aba6de1520aea5480c032e0ff5664ac1bb36f/Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture/SizeCalculator.cs#L212
+    static constexpr u32 STRIDE_ALIGNMENT = 32;
+    ASSERT(info.type == ImageType::Linear);
+    const Extent2D num_tiles{
+        .width = Common::DivCeil(info.size.width, DefaultBlockWidth(info.format)),
+        .height = Common::DivCeil(info.size.height, DefaultBlockHeight(info.format)),
+    };
+    const u32 width_alignment = STRIDE_ALIGNMENT / BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+    return Extent2D{
+        .width = Common::AlignUp(num_tiles.width, width_alignment),
+        .height = num_tiles.height,
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] Extent3D BlockLinearAlignedSize(const ImageInfo& info, u32 level) {
+    // https://github.com/Ryujinx/Ryujinx/blob/1c9aba6de1520aea5480c032e0ff5664ac1bb36f/Ryujinx.Graphics.Texture/SizeCalculator.cs#L176
+    ASSERT(info.type != ImageType::Linear);
+    const Extent3D size = AdjustMipSize(info.size, level);
+    const Extent3D num_tiles{
+        .width = Common::DivCeil(size.width, DefaultBlockWidth(info.format)),
+        .height = Common::DivCeil(size.height, DefaultBlockHeight(info.format)),
+        .depth = size.depth,
+    };
+    const u32 bpp_log2 = BytesPerBlockLog2(info.format);
+    const u32 alignment = StrideAlignment(num_tiles, info.block, bpp_log2, info.tile_width_spacing);
+    const Extent3D mip_block = AdjustMipBlockSize(num_tiles, info.block, 0);
+    return Extent3D{
+        .width = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.width, alignment),
+        .height = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.height, GOB_SIZE_Y_SHIFT + mip_block.height),
+        .depth = Common::AlignBits(num_tiles.depth, GOB_SIZE_Z_SHIFT + mip_block.depth),
+    };
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 NumBlocksPerLayer(const ImageInfo& info, Extent2D tile_size) noexcept {
+    u32 num_blocks = 0;
+    for (s32 level = 0; level < info.resources.levels; ++level) {
+        const Extent3D mip_size = AdjustMipSize(info.size, level);
+        num_blocks += NumBlocks(mip_size, tile_size);
+    }
+    return num_blocks;
+}
+
+[[nodiscard]] u32 NumSlices(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
+    ASSERT(info.type == ImageType::e3D);
+    u32 num_slices = 0;
+    for (s32 level = 0; level < info.resources.levels; ++level) {
+        num_slices += AdjustMipSize(info.size.depth, level);
+    }
+    return num_slices;
+}
+
+void SwizzlePitchLinearImage(Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                             const ImageInfo& info, const BufferImageCopy& copy,
+                             std::span<const u8> memory) {
+    ASSERT(copy.image_offset.z == 0);
+    ASSERT(copy.image_extent.depth == 1);
+    ASSERT(copy.image_subresource.base_level == 0);
+    ASSERT(copy.image_subresource.base_layer == 0);
+    ASSERT(copy.image_subresource.num_layers == 1);
+
+    const u32 bytes_per_block = BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+    const u32 row_length = copy.image_extent.width * bytes_per_block;
+    const u32 guest_offset_x = copy.image_offset.x * bytes_per_block;
+
+    for (u32 line = 0; line < copy.image_extent.height; ++line) {
+        const u32 host_offset_y = line * info.pitch;
+        const u32 guest_offset_y = (copy.image_offset.y + line) * info.pitch;
+        const u32 guest_offset = guest_offset_x + guest_offset_y;
+        gpu_memory.WriteBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr + guest_offset, memory.data() + host_offset_y,
+                                    row_length);
+    }
+}
+
+void SwizzleBlockLinearImage(Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                             const ImageInfo& info, const BufferImageCopy& copy,
+                             std::span<const u8> input) {
+    const Extent3D size = info.size;
+    const LevelInfo level_info = MakeLevelInfo(info);
+    const Extent2D tile_size = DefaultBlockSize(info.format);
+    const u32 bytes_per_block = BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+
+    const s32 level = copy.image_subresource.base_level;
+    const Extent3D level_size = AdjustMipSize(size, level);
+    const u32 num_blocks_per_layer = NumBlocks(level_size, tile_size);
+    const u32 host_bytes_per_layer = num_blocks_per_layer * bytes_per_block;
+
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(info.tile_width_spacing > 0);
+
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(copy.image_offset.x != 0);
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(copy.image_offset.y != 0);
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(copy.image_offset.z != 0);
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(copy.image_extent != level_size);
+
+    const Extent3D num_tiles = AdjustTileSize(level_size, tile_size);
+    const Extent3D block = AdjustMipBlockSize(num_tiles, level_info.block, level);
+
+    size_t host_offset = copy.buffer_offset;
+
+    const u32 num_levels = info.resources.levels;
+    const std::array sizes = CalculateLevelSizes(level_info, num_levels);
+    size_t guest_offset = std::reduce(sizes.begin(), sizes.begin() + level, 0);
+    const size_t layer_stride =
+        AlignLayerSize(std::reduce(sizes.begin(), sizes.begin() + num_levels, 0), size,
+                       level_info.block, tile_size.height, info.tile_width_spacing);
+    const size_t subresource_size = sizes[level];
+
+    const auto dst_data = std::make_unique<u8[]>(subresource_size);
+    const std::span<u8> dst(dst_data.get(), subresource_size);
+
+    for (s32 layer = 0; layer < info.resources.layers; ++layer) {
+        const std::span<const u8> src = input.subspan(host_offset);
+        SwizzleTexture(dst, src, bytes_per_block, num_tiles.width, num_tiles.height,
+                       num_tiles.depth, block.height, block.depth);
+
+        gpu_memory.WriteBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr + guest_offset, dst.data(), dst.size_bytes());
+
+        host_offset += host_bytes_per_layer;
+        guest_offset += layer_stride;
+    }
+    ASSERT(host_offset - copy.buffer_offset == copy.buffer_size);
+}
+
+} // Anonymous namespace
+
+u32 CalculateGuestSizeInBytes(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
+    if (info.type == ImageType::Buffer) {
+        return info.size.width * BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+    }
+    if (info.type == ImageType::Linear) {
+        return info.pitch * Common::DivCeil(info.size.height, DefaultBlockHeight(info.format));
+    }
+    if (info.resources.layers > 1) {
+        ASSERT(info.layer_stride != 0);
+        return info.layer_stride * info.resources.layers;
+    } else {
+        return CalculateLayerSize(info);
+    }
+}
+
+u32 CalculateUnswizzledSizeBytes(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
+    if (info.type == ImageType::Buffer) {
+        return info.size.width * BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+    }
+    if (info.num_samples > 1) {
+        // Multisample images can't be uploaded or downloaded to the host
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (info.type == ImageType::Linear) {
+        return info.pitch * Common::DivCeil(info.size.height, DefaultBlockHeight(info.format));
+    }
+    const Extent2D tile_size = DefaultBlockSize(info.format);
+    return NumBlocksPerLayer(info, tile_size) * info.resources.layers * BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+}
+
+u32 CalculateConvertedSizeBytes(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
+    if (info.type == ImageType::Buffer) {
+        return info.size.width * BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+    }
+    static constexpr Extent2D TILE_SIZE{1, 1};
+    return NumBlocksPerLayer(info, TILE_SIZE) * info.resources.layers * CONVERTED_BYTES_PER_BLOCK;
+}
+
+u32 CalculateLayerStride(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
+    ASSERT(info.type != ImageType::Linear);
+    const u32 layer_size = CalculateLayerSize(info);
+    const Extent3D size = info.size;
+    const Extent3D block = info.block;
+    const u32 tile_size_y = DefaultBlockHeight(info.format);
+    return AlignLayerSize(layer_size, size, block, tile_size_y, info.tile_width_spacing);
+}
+
+u32 CalculateLayerSize(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
+    ASSERT(info.type != ImageType::Linear);
+    return CalculateLevelOffset(info.format, info.size, info.block, info.num_samples,
+                                info.tile_width_spacing, info.resources.levels);
+}
+
+std::array<u32, MAX_MIP_LEVELS> CalculateMipLevelOffsets(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
+    ASSERT(info.resources.levels <= MAX_MIP_LEVELS);
+    const LevelInfo level_info = MakeLevelInfo(info);
+    std::array<u32, MAX_MIP_LEVELS> offsets{};
+    u32 offset = 0;
+    for (s32 level = 0; level < info.resources.levels; ++level) {
+        offsets[level] = offset;
+        offset += CalculateLevelSize(level_info, level);
+    }
+    return offsets;
+}
+
+std::vector<u32> CalculateSliceOffsets(const ImageInfo& info) {
+    ASSERT(info.type == ImageType::e3D);
+    std::vector<u32> offsets;
+    offsets.reserve(NumSlices(info));
+
+    const LevelInfo level_info = MakeLevelInfo(info);
+    u32 mip_offset = 0;
+    for (s32 level = 0; level < info.resources.levels; ++level) {
+        const Extent3D tile_shift = TileShift(level_info, level);
+        const Extent3D tiles = LevelTiles(level_info, level);
+        const u32 gob_size_shift = tile_shift.height + GOB_SIZE_SHIFT;
+        const u32 slice_size = (tiles.width * tiles.height) << gob_size_shift;
+        const u32 z_mask = (1U << tile_shift.depth) - 1;
+        const u32 depth = AdjustMipSize(info.size.depth, level);
+        for (u32 slice = 0; slice < depth; ++slice) {
+            const u32 z_low = slice & z_mask;
+            const u32 z_high = slice & ~z_mask;
+            offsets.push_back(mip_offset + (z_low << gob_size_shift) + (z_high * slice_size));
+        }
+        mip_offset += CalculateLevelSize(level_info, level);
+    }
+    return offsets;
+}
+
+std::vector<SubresourceBase> CalculateSliceSubresources(const ImageInfo& info) {
+    ASSERT(info.type == ImageType::e3D);
+    std::vector<SubresourceBase> subresources;
+    subresources.reserve(NumSlices(info));
+    for (s32 level = 0; level < info.resources.levels; ++level) {
+        const s32 depth = AdjustMipSize(info.size.depth, level);
+        for (s32 slice = 0; slice < depth; ++slice) {
+            subresources.emplace_back(SubresourceBase{
+                .level = level,
+                .layer = slice,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    return subresources;
+}
+
+u32 CalculateLevelStrideAlignment(const ImageInfo& info, u32 level) {
+    const Extent2D tile_size = DefaultBlockSize(info.format);
+    const Extent3D level_size = AdjustMipSize(info.size, level);
+    const Extent3D num_tiles = AdjustTileSize(level_size, tile_size);
+    const Extent3D block = AdjustMipBlockSize(num_tiles, info.block, level);
+    const u32 bpp_log2 = BytesPerBlockLog2(info.format);
+    return StrideAlignment(num_tiles, block, bpp_log2, info.tile_width_spacing);
+}
+
+PixelFormat PixelFormatFromTIC(const TICEntry& config) noexcept {
+    return PixelFormatFromTextureInfo(config.format, config.r_type, config.g_type, config.b_type,
+                                      config.a_type, config.srgb_conversion);
+}
+
+ImageViewType RenderTargetImageViewType(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept {
+    switch (info.type) {
+    case ImageType::e2D:
+        return info.resources.layers > 1 ? ImageViewType::e2DArray : ImageViewType::e2D;
+    case ImageType::e3D:
+        return ImageViewType::e2DArray;
+    case ImageType::Linear:
+        return ImageViewType::e2D;
+    default:
+        UNIMPLEMENTED_MSG("Unimplemented image type={}", static_cast<int>(info.type));
+        return ImageViewType{};
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<ImageCopy> MakeShrinkImageCopies(const ImageInfo& dst, const ImageInfo& src,
+                                             SubresourceBase base) {
+    ASSERT(dst.resources.levels >= src.resources.levels);
+    ASSERT(dst.num_samples == src.num_samples);
+
+    const bool is_dst_3d = dst.type == ImageType::e3D;
+    if (is_dst_3d) {
+        ASSERT(src.type == ImageType::e3D);
+        ASSERT(src.resources.levels == 1);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ImageCopy> copies;
+    copies.reserve(src.resources.levels);
+    for (s32 level = 0; level < src.resources.levels; ++level) {
+        ImageCopy& copy = copies.emplace_back();
+        copy.src_subresource = SubresourceLayers{
+            .base_level = level,
+            .base_layer = 0,
+            .num_layers = src.resources.layers,
+        };
+        copy.dst_subresource = SubresourceLayers{
+            .base_level = base.level + level,
+            .base_layer = is_dst_3d ? 0 : base.layer,
+            .num_layers = is_dst_3d ? 1 : src.resources.layers,
+        };
+        copy.src_offset = Offset3D{
+            .x = 0,
+            .y = 0,
+            .z = 0,
+        };
+        copy.dst_offset = Offset3D{
+            .x = 0,
+            .y = 0,
+            .z = is_dst_3d ? base.layer : 0,
+        };
+        const Extent3D mip_size = AdjustMipSize(dst.size, base.level + level);
+        copy.extent = AdjustSamplesSize(mip_size, dst.num_samples);
+        if (is_dst_3d) {
+            copy.extent.depth = src.size.depth;
+        }
+    }
+    return copies;
+}
+
+bool IsValidAddress(const Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const TICEntry& config) {
+    if (config.Address() == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (config.Address() > (u64(1) << 48)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return gpu_memory.GpuToCpuAddress(config.Address()).has_value();
+}
+
+std::vector<BufferImageCopy> UnswizzleImage(Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                            const ImageInfo& info, std::span<u8> output) {
+    const size_t guest_size_bytes = CalculateGuestSizeInBytes(info);
+    const u32 bpp_log2 = BytesPerBlockLog2(info.format);
+    const Extent3D size = info.size;
+
+    if (info.type == ImageType::Linear) {
+        gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, output.data(), guest_size_bytes);
+
+        ASSERT((info.pitch >> bpp_log2) << bpp_log2 == info.pitch);
+        return {{
+            .buffer_offset = 0,
+            .buffer_size = guest_size_bytes,
+            .buffer_row_length = info.pitch >> bpp_log2,
+            .buffer_image_height = size.height,
+            .image_subresource =
+                {
+                    .base_level = 0,
+                    .base_layer = 0,
+                    .num_layers = 1,
+                },
+            .image_offset = {0, 0, 0},
+            .image_extent = size,
+        }};
+    }
+    const auto input_data = std::make_unique<u8[]>(guest_size_bytes);
+    gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, input_data.get(), guest_size_bytes);
+    const std::span<const u8> input(input_data.get(), guest_size_bytes);
+
+    const LevelInfo level_info = MakeLevelInfo(info);
+    const s32 num_layers = info.resources.layers;
+    const s32 num_levels = info.resources.levels;
+    const Extent2D tile_size = DefaultBlockSize(info.format);
+    const std::array level_sizes = CalculateLevelSizes(level_info, num_levels);
+    const Extent2D gob = GobSize(bpp_log2, info.block.height, info.tile_width_spacing);
+    const u32 layer_size = std::reduce(level_sizes.begin(), level_sizes.begin() + num_levels, 0);
+    const u32 layer_stride = AlignLayerSize(layer_size, size, level_info.block, tile_size.height,
+                                            info.tile_width_spacing);
+    size_t guest_offset = 0;
+    u32 host_offset = 0;
+    std::vector<BufferImageCopy> copies(num_levels);
+
+    for (s32 level = 0; level < num_levels; ++level) {
+        const Extent3D level_size = AdjustMipSize(size, level);
+        const u32 num_blocks_per_layer = NumBlocks(level_size, tile_size);
+        const u32 host_bytes_per_layer = num_blocks_per_layer << bpp_log2;
+        copies[level] = BufferImageCopy{
+            .buffer_offset = host_offset,
+            .buffer_size = static_cast<size_t>(host_bytes_per_layer) * num_layers,
+            .buffer_row_length = Common::AlignUp(level_size.width, tile_size.width),
+            .buffer_image_height = Common::AlignUp(level_size.height, tile_size.height),
+            .image_subresource =
+                {
+                    .base_level = level,
+                    .base_layer = 0,
+                    .num_layers = info.resources.layers,
+                },
+            .image_offset = {0, 0, 0},
+            .image_extent = level_size,
+        };
+        const Extent3D num_tiles = AdjustTileSize(level_size, tile_size);
+        const Extent3D block = AdjustMipBlockSize(num_tiles, level_info.block, level);
+        const u32 stride_alignment = StrideAlignment(num_tiles, info.block, gob, bpp_log2);
+        size_t guest_layer_offset = 0;
+
+        for (s32 layer = 0; layer < info.resources.layers; ++layer) {
+            const std::span<u8> dst = output.subspan(host_offset);
+            const std::span<const u8> src = input.subspan(guest_offset + guest_layer_offset);
+            UnswizzleTexture(dst, src, 1U << bpp_log2, num_tiles.width, num_tiles.height,
+                             num_tiles.depth, block.height, block.depth, stride_alignment);
+            guest_layer_offset += layer_stride;
+            host_offset += host_bytes_per_layer;
+        }
+        guest_offset += level_sizes[level];
+    }
+    return copies;
+}
+
+BufferCopy UploadBufferCopy(Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                            const ImageBase& image, std::span<u8> output) {
+    gpu_memory.ReadBlockUnsafe(gpu_addr, output.data(), image.guest_size_bytes);
+    return BufferCopy{
+        .src_offset = 0,
+        .dst_offset = 0,
+        .size = image.guest_size_bytes,
+    };
+}
+
+void ConvertImage(std::span<const u8> input, const ImageInfo& info, std::span<u8> output,
+                  std::span<BufferImageCopy> copies) {
+    u32 output_offset = 0;
+
+    const Extent2D tile_size = DefaultBlockSize(info.format);
+    for (BufferImageCopy& copy : copies) {
+        const u32 level = copy.image_subresource.base_level;
+        const Extent3D mip_size = AdjustMipSize(info.size, level);
+        ASSERT(copy.image_offset == Offset3D{});
+        ASSERT(copy.image_subresource.base_layer == 0);
+        ASSERT(copy.image_extent == mip_size);
+        ASSERT(copy.buffer_row_length == Common::AlignUp(mip_size.width, tile_size.width));
+        ASSERT(copy.buffer_image_height == Common::AlignUp(mip_size.height, tile_size.height));
+
+        if (IsPixelFormatASTC(info.format)) {
+            ASSERT(copy.image_extent.depth == 1);
+            Tegra::Texture::ASTC::Decompress(input.subspan(copy.buffer_offset),
+                                             copy.image_extent.width, copy.image_extent.height,
+                                             copy.image_subresource.num_layers, tile_size.width,
+                                             tile_size.height, output.subspan(output_offset));
+        } else {
+            DecompressBC4(input.subspan(copy.buffer_offset), copy.image_extent,
+                          output.subspan(output_offset));
+        }
+        copy.buffer_offset = output_offset;
+        copy.buffer_row_length = mip_size.width;
+        copy.buffer_image_height = mip_size.height;
+
+        output_offset += copy.image_extent.width * copy.image_extent.height *
+                         copy.image_subresource.num_layers * CONVERTED_BYTES_PER_BLOCK;
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<BufferImageCopy> FullDownloadCopies(const ImageInfo& info) {
+    const Extent3D size = info.size;
+    const u32 bytes_per_block = BytesPerBlock(info.format);
+    if (info.type == ImageType::Linear) {
+        ASSERT(info.pitch % bytes_per_block == 0);
+        return {{
+            .buffer_offset = 0,
+            .buffer_size = static_cast<size_t>(info.pitch) * size.height,
+            .buffer_row_length = info.pitch / bytes_per_block,
+            .buffer_image_height = size.height,
+            .image_subresource =
+                {
+                    .base_level = 0,
+                    .base_layer = 0,
+                    .num_layers = 1,
+                },
+            .image_offset = {0, 0, 0},
+            .image_extent = size,
+        }};
+    }
+    UNIMPLEMENTED_IF(info.tile_width_spacing > 0);
+
+    const s32 num_layers = info.resources.layers;
+    const s32 num_levels = info.resources.levels;
+    const Extent2D tile_size = DefaultBlockSize(info.format);
+
+    u32 host_offset = 0;
+
+    std::vector<BufferImageCopy> copies(num_levels);
+    for (s32 level = 0; level < num_levels; ++level) {
+        const Extent3D level_size = AdjustMipSize(size, level);
+        const u32 num_blocks_per_layer = NumBlocks(level_size, tile_size);
+        const u32 host_bytes_per_level = num_blocks_per_layer * bytes_per_block * num_layers;
+        copies[level] = BufferImageCopy{
+            .buffer_offset = host_offset,
+            .buffer_size = host_bytes_per_level,
+            .buffer_row_length = level_size.width,
+            .buffer_image_height = level_size.height,
+            .image_subresource =
+                {
+                    .base_level = level,
+                    .base_layer = 0,
+                    .num_layers = info.resources.layers,
+                },
+            .image_offset = {0, 0, 0},
+            .image_extent = level_size,
+        };
+        host_offset += host_bytes_per_level;
+    }
+    return copies;
+}
+
+Extent3D MipSize(Extent3D size, u32 level) {
+    return AdjustMipSize(size, level);
+}
+
+Extent3D MipBlockSize(const ImageInfo& info, u32 level) {
+    const LevelInfo level_info = MakeLevelInfo(info);
+    const Extent2D tile_size = DefaultBlockSize(info.format);
+    const Extent3D level_size = AdjustMipSize(info.size, level);
+    const Extent3D num_tiles = AdjustTileSize(level_size, tile_size);
+    return AdjustMipBlockSize(num_tiles, level_info.block, level);
+}
+
+std::vector<SwizzleParameters> FullUploadSwizzles(const ImageInfo& info) {
+    const Extent2D tile_size = DefaultBlockSize(info.format);
+    if (info.type == ImageType::Linear) {
+        return std::vector{SwizzleParameters{
+            .num_tiles = AdjustTileSize(info.size, tile_size),
+            .block = {},
+            .buffer_offset = 0,
+            .level = 0,
+        }};
+    }
+    const LevelInfo level_info = MakeLevelInfo(info);
+    const Extent3D size = info.size;
+    const s32 num_levels = info.resources.levels;
+
+    u32 guest_offset = 0;
+    std::vector<SwizzleParameters> params(num_levels);
+    for (s32 level = 0; level < num_levels; ++level) {
+        const Extent3D level_size = AdjustMipSize(size, level);
+        const Extent3D num_tiles = AdjustTileSize(level_size, tile_size);
+        const Extent3D block = AdjustMipBlockSize(num_tiles, level_info.block, level);
+        params[level] = SwizzleParameters{
+            .num_tiles = num_tiles,
+            .block = block,
+            .buffer_offset = guest_offset,
+            .level = level,
+        };
+        guest_offset += CalculateLevelSize(level_info, level);
+    }
+    return params;
+}
+
+void SwizzleImage(Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const ImageInfo& info,
+                  std::span<const BufferImageCopy> copies, std::span<const u8> memory) {
+    const bool is_pitch_linear = info.type == ImageType::Linear;
+    for (const BufferImageCopy& copy : copies) {
+        if (is_pitch_linear) {
+            SwizzlePitchLinearImage(gpu_memory, gpu_addr, info, copy, memory);
+        } else {
+            SwizzleBlockLinearImage(gpu_memory, gpu_addr, info, copy, memory);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool IsBlockLinearSizeCompatible(const ImageInfo& lhs, const ImageInfo& rhs, u32 lhs_level,
+                                 u32 rhs_level, bool strict_size) noexcept {
+    ASSERT(lhs.type != ImageType::Linear);
+    ASSERT(rhs.type != ImageType::Linear);
+    if (strict_size) {
+        const Extent3D lhs_size = AdjustMipSize(lhs.size, lhs_level);
+        const Extent3D rhs_size = AdjustMipSize(rhs.size, rhs_level);
+        return lhs_size.width == rhs_size.width && lhs_size.height == rhs_size.height;
+    } else {
+        const Extent3D lhs_size = BlockLinearAlignedSize(lhs, lhs_level);
+        const Extent3D rhs_size = BlockLinearAlignedSize(rhs, rhs_level);
+        return lhs_size.width == rhs_size.width && lhs_size.height == rhs_size.height;
+    }
+}
+
+bool IsPitchLinearSameSize(const ImageInfo& lhs, const ImageInfo& rhs, bool strict_size) noexcept {
+    ASSERT(lhs.type == ImageType::Linear);
+    ASSERT(rhs.type == ImageType::Linear);
+    if (strict_size) {
+        return lhs.size.width == rhs.size.width && lhs.size.height == rhs.size.height;
+    } else {
+        const Extent2D lhs_size = PitchLinearAlignedSize(lhs);
+        const Extent2D rhs_size = PitchLinearAlignedSize(rhs);
+        return lhs_size == rhs_size;
+    }
+}
+
+std::optional<OverlapResult> ResolveOverlap(const ImageInfo& new_info, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                            VAddr cpu_addr, const ImageBase& overlap,
+                                            bool strict_size) {
+    ASSERT(new_info.type != ImageType::Linear);
+    ASSERT(overlap.info.type != ImageType::Linear);
+    if (!IsLayerStrideCompatible(new_info, overlap.info)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (!IsViewCompatible(overlap.info.format, new_info.format)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (gpu_addr == overlap.gpu_addr) {
+        const std::optional solution = ResolveOverlapEqualAddress(new_info, overlap, strict_size);
+        if (!solution) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+        return OverlapResult{
+            .gpu_addr = gpu_addr,
+            .cpu_addr = cpu_addr,
+            .resources = *solution,
+        };
+    }
+    if (overlap.gpu_addr > gpu_addr) {
+        return ResolveOverlapRightAddress(new_info, gpu_addr, cpu_addr, overlap, strict_size);
+    }
+    // if overlap.gpu_addr < gpu_addr
+    return ResolveOverlapLeftAddress(new_info, gpu_addr, cpu_addr, overlap, strict_size);
+}
+
+bool IsLayerStrideCompatible(const ImageInfo& lhs, const ImageInfo& rhs) {
+    // If either of the layer strides is zero, we can assume they are compatible
+    // These images generally come from rendertargets
+    if (lhs.layer_stride == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (rhs.layer_stride == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // It's definitely compatible if the layer stride matches
+    if (lhs.layer_stride == rhs.layer_stride) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Although we also have to compare for cases where it can be unaligned
+    // This can happen if the image doesn't have layers, so the stride is not aligned
+    if (lhs.maybe_unaligned_layer_stride == rhs.maybe_unaligned_layer_stride) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+std::optional<SubresourceBase> FindSubresource(const ImageInfo& candidate, const ImageBase& image,
+                                               GPUVAddr candidate_addr, RelaxedOptions options) {
+    const std::optional<SubresourceBase> base = image.TryFindBase(candidate_addr);
+    if (!base) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    const ImageInfo& existing = image.info;
+    if (False(options & RelaxedOptions::Format)) {
+        if (!IsViewCompatible(existing.format, candidate.format)) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!IsLayerStrideCompatible(existing, candidate)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (existing.type != candidate.type) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (False(options & RelaxedOptions::Samples)) {
+        if (existing.num_samples != candidate.num_samples) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+    }
+    if (existing.resources.levels < candidate.resources.levels + base->level) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    if (existing.type == ImageType::e3D) {
+        const u32 mip_depth = std::max(1U, existing.size.depth << base->level);
+        if (mip_depth < candidate.size.depth + base->layer) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (existing.resources.layers < candidate.resources.layers + base->layer) {
+            return std::nullopt;
+        }
+    }
+    const bool strict_size = False(options & RelaxedOptions::Size);
+    if (!IsBlockLinearSizeCompatible(existing, candidate, base->level, 0, strict_size)) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    // TODO: compare block sizes
+    return base;
+}
+
+bool IsSubresource(const ImageInfo& candidate, const ImageBase& image, GPUVAddr candidate_addr,
+                   RelaxedOptions options) {
+    return FindSubresource(candidate, image, candidate_addr, options).has_value();
+}
+
+void DeduceBlitImages(ImageInfo& dst_info, ImageInfo& src_info, const ImageBase* dst,
+                      const ImageBase* src) {
+    if (src && GetFormatType(src->info.format) != SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
+        src_info.format = src->info.format;
+    }
+    if (dst && GetFormatType(dst->info.format) != SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
+        dst_info.format = dst->info.format;
+    }
+    if (!dst && src && GetFormatType(src->info.format) != SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
+        dst_info.format = src->info.format;
+    }
+    if (!src && dst && GetFormatType(dst->info.format) != SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
+        src_info.format = src->info.format;
+    }
+}
+
+u32 MapSizeBytes(const ImageBase& image) {
+    if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::AcceleratedUpload)) {
+        return image.guest_size_bytes;
+    } else if (True(image.flags & ImageFlagBits::Converted)) {
+        return image.converted_size_bytes;
+    } else {
+        return image.unswizzled_size_bytes;
+    }
+}
+
+using P = PixelFormat;
+
+static_assert(CalculateLevelSize(LevelInfo{{1920, 1080}, {0, 2, 0}, {1, 1}, 2, 0}, 0) == 0x7f8000);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelSize(LevelInfo{{32, 32}, {0, 0, 4}, {1, 1}, 4, 0}, 0) == 0x4000);
+
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::R8_SINT, {1920, 1080}, {0, 2}, 1, 0, 7) == 0x2afc00);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::ASTC_2D_12X12_UNORM, {8192, 4096}, {0, 2}, 1, 0, 12) ==
+              0x50d200);
+
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 0) == 0);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 1) == 0x400000);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 2) == 0x500000);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 3) == 0x540000);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 4) == 0x550000);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 5) == 0x554000);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 6) == 0x555000);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 7) == 0x555400);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 8) == 0x555600);
+static_assert(CalculateLevelOffset(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, {1024, 1024}, {0, 4}, 1, 0, 9) == 0x555800);
+
+constexpr u32 ValidateLayerSize(PixelFormat format, u32 width, u32 height, u32 block_height,
+                                u32 tile_width_spacing, u32 level) {
+    const Extent3D size{width, height, 1};
+    const Extent3D block{0, block_height, 0};
+    const u32 offset = CalculateLevelOffset(format, size, block, 1, tile_width_spacing, level);
+    return AlignLayerSize(offset, size, block, DefaultBlockHeight(format), tile_width_spacing);
+}
+
+static_assert(ValidateLayerSize(P::ASTC_2D_12X12_UNORM, 8192, 4096, 2, 0, 12) == 0x50d800);
+static_assert(ValidateLayerSize(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, 1024, 1024, 2, 0, 10) == 0x556000);
+static_assert(ValidateLayerSize(P::BC3_UNORM, 128, 128, 2, 0, 8) == 0x6000);
+
+static_assert(ValidateLayerSize(P::A8B8G8R8_UNORM, 518, 572, 4, 3, 1) == 0x190000,
+              "Tile width spacing is not working");
+static_assert(ValidateLayerSize(P::BC5_UNORM, 1024, 1024, 3, 4, 11) == 0x160000,
+              "Compressed tile width spacing is not working");
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon
diff --git a/src/video_core/texture_cache/util.h b/src/video_core/texture_cache/util.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dbbbd33cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/video_core/texture_cache/util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+// Copyright 2020 yuzu Emulator Project
+// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
+// Refer to the license.txt file included.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+
+#include "common/common_types.h"
+
+#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
+#include "video_core/surface.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_base.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/image_view_base.h"
+#include "video_core/texture_cache/types.h"
+#include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
+
+namespace VideoCommon {
+
+using Tegra::Texture::TICEntry;
+
+struct OverlapResult {
+    GPUVAddr gpu_addr;
+    VAddr cpu_addr;
+    SubresourceExtent resources;
+};
+
+[[nodiscard]] u32 CalculateGuestSizeInBytes(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] u32 CalculateUnswizzledSizeBytes(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] u32 CalculateConvertedSizeBytes(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] u32 CalculateLayerStride(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] u32 CalculateLayerSize(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::array<u32, MAX_MIP_LEVELS> CalculateMipLevelOffsets(
+    const ImageInfo& info) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<u32> CalculateSliceOffsets(const ImageInfo& info);
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<SubresourceBase> CalculateSliceSubresources(const ImageInfo& info);
+
+[[nodiscard]] u32 CalculateLevelStrideAlignment(const ImageInfo& info, u32 level);
+
+[[nodiscard]] VideoCore::Surface::PixelFormat PixelFormatFromTIC(
+    const Tegra::Texture::TICEntry& config) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] ImageViewType RenderTargetImageViewType(const ImageInfo& info) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<ImageCopy> MakeShrinkImageCopies(const ImageInfo& dst,
+                                                           const ImageInfo& src,
+                                                           SubresourceBase base);
+
+[[nodiscard]] bool IsValidAddress(const Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, const TICEntry& config);
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<BufferImageCopy> UnswizzleImage(Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory,
+                                                          GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const ImageInfo& info,
+                                                          std::span<u8> output);
+
+[[nodiscard]] BufferCopy UploadBufferCopy(Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, GPUVAddr gpu_addr,
+                                          const ImageBase& image, std::span<u8> output);
+
+void ConvertImage(std::span<const u8> input, const ImageInfo& info, std::span<u8> output,
+                  std::span<BufferImageCopy> copies);
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<BufferImageCopy> FullDownloadCopies(const ImageInfo& info);
+
+[[nodiscard]] Extent3D MipSize(Extent3D size, u32 level);
+
+[[nodiscard]] Extent3D MipBlockSize(const ImageInfo& info, u32 level);
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<SwizzleParameters> FullUploadSwizzles(const ImageInfo& info);
+
+void SwizzleImage(Tegra::MemoryManager& gpu_memory, GPUVAddr gpu_addr, const ImageInfo& info,
+                  std::span<const BufferImageCopy> copies, std::span<const u8> memory);
+
+[[nodiscard]] bool IsBlockLinearSizeCompatible(const ImageInfo& new_info,
+                                               const ImageInfo& overlap_info, u32 new_level,
+                                               u32 overlap_level, bool strict_size) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] bool IsPitchLinearSameSize(const ImageInfo& lhs, const ImageInfo& rhs,
+                                         bool strict_size) noexcept;
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::optional<OverlapResult> ResolveOverlap(const ImageInfo& new_info,
+                                                          GPUVAddr gpu_addr, VAddr cpu_addr,
+                                                          const ImageBase& overlap,
+                                                          bool strict_size);
+
+[[nodiscard]] bool IsLayerStrideCompatible(const ImageInfo& lhs, const ImageInfo& rhs);
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::optional<SubresourceBase> FindSubresource(const ImageInfo& candidate,
+                                                             const ImageBase& image,
+                                                             GPUVAddr candidate_addr,
+                                                             RelaxedOptions options);
+
+[[nodiscard]] bool IsSubresource(const ImageInfo& candidate, const ImageBase& image,
+                                 GPUVAddr candidate_addr, RelaxedOptions options);
+
+void DeduceBlitImages(ImageInfo& dst_info, ImageInfo& src_info, const ImageBase* dst,
+                      const ImageBase* src);
+
+[[nodiscard]] u32 MapSizeBytes(const ImageBase& image);
+
+} // namespace VideoCommon