path: root/src/core/hle/kernel/k_thread.h

// Copyright 2014 Citra Emulator Project / PPSSPP Project
// Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
// Refer to the license.txt file included.

#pragma once

#include <array>
#include <functional>
#include <span>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include <boost/intrusive/list.hpp>

#include "common/common_types.h"
#include "common/intrusive_red_black_tree.h"
#include "common/spin_lock.h"
#include "core/arm/arm_interface.h"
#include "core/hle/kernel/k_affinity_mask.h"
#include "core/hle/kernel/k_synchronization_object.h"
#include "core/hle/kernel/object.h"
#include "core/hle/kernel/svc_common.h"
#include "core/hle/result.h"

namespace Common {
class Fiber;
}

namespace Core {
class ARM_Interface;
class System;
} // namespace Core

namespace Kernel {

class GlobalSchedulerContext;
class KernelCore;
class Process;
class KScheduler;

enum class ThreadType : u32 {
    Main = 0,
    Kernel = 1,
    HighPriority = 2,
    User = 3,
};
DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(ThreadType);

enum ThreadProcessorId : s32 {
    /// Indicates that no particular processor core is preferred.
    THREADPROCESSORID_DONT_CARE = -1,

    /// Run thread on the ideal core specified by the process.
    THREADPROCESSORID_IDEAL = -2,

    /// Indicates that the preferred processor ID shouldn't be updated in
    /// a core mask setting operation.
    THREADPROCESSORID_DONT_UPDATE = -3,

    THREADPROCESSORID_0 = 0,   ///< Run thread on core 0
    THREADPROCESSORID_1 = 1,   ///< Run thread on core 1
    THREADPROCESSORID_2 = 2,   ///< Run thread on core 2
    THREADPROCESSORID_3 = 3,   ///< Run thread on core 3
    THREADPROCESSORID_MAX = 4, ///< Processor ID must be less than this

    /// Allowed CPU mask
    THREADPROCESSORID_DEFAULT_MASK = (1 << THREADPROCESSORID_0) | (1 << THREADPROCESSORID_1) |
                                     (1 << THREADPROCESSORID_2) | (1 << THREADPROCESSORID_3)
};

enum class ThreadState : u16 {
    Initialized = 0,
    Waiting = 1,
    Runnable = 2,
    Terminated = 3,

    SuspendShift = 4,
    Mask = (1 << SuspendShift) - 1,

    ProcessSuspended = (1 << (0 + SuspendShift)),
    ThreadSuspended = (1 << (1 + SuspendShift)),
    DebugSuspended = (1 << (2 + SuspendShift)),
    BacktraceSuspended = (1 << (3 + SuspendShift)),
    InitSuspended = (1 << (4 + SuspendShift)),

    SuspendFlagMask = ((1 << 5) - 1) << SuspendShift,
};
DECLARE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(ThreadState);

enum class ThreadWakeupReason {
    Signal, // The thread was woken up by WakeupAllWaitingThreads due to an object signal.
    Timeout // The thread was woken up due to a wait timeout.
};

enum class ThreadActivity : u32 {
    Normal = 0,
    Paused = 1,
};

enum class ThreadSchedFlags : u32 {
    ProcessPauseFlag = 1 << 4,
    ThreadPauseFlag = 1 << 5,
    ProcessDebugPauseFlag = 1 << 6,
    KernelInitPauseFlag = 1 << 8,
};

enum class ThreadWaitReasonForDebugging : u32 {
    None,            ///< Thread is not waiting
    Sleep,           ///< Thread is waiting due to a SleepThread SVC
    IPC,             ///< Thread is waiting for the reply from an IPC request
    Synchronization, ///< Thread is waiting due to a WaitSynchronization SVC
    ConditionVar,    ///< Thread is waiting due to a WaitProcessWideKey SVC
    Arbitration,     ///< Thread is waiting due to a SignalToAddress/WaitForAddress SVC
    Suspended,       ///< Thread is waiting due to process suspension
};

class KThread final : public KSynchronizationObject, public boost::intrusive::list_base_hook<> {
    friend class KScheduler;
    friend class Process;

public:
    static constexpr s32 DefaultThreadPriority = 44;
    static constexpr s32 IdleThreadPriority = 64;

    explicit KThread(KernelCore& kernel);
    ~KThread() override;

    using MutexWaitingThreads = std::vector<std::shared_ptr<KThread>>;

    using ThreadContext32 = Core::ARM_Interface::ThreadContext32;
    using ThreadContext64 = Core::ARM_Interface::ThreadContext64;

    /**
     * Creates and returns a new thread. The new thread is immediately scheduled
     * @param system The instance of the whole system
     * @param name The friendly name desired for the thread
     * @param entry_point The address at which the thread should start execution
     * @param priority The thread's priority
     * @param arg User data to pass to the thread
     * @param processor_id The ID(s) of the processors on which the thread is desired to be run
     * @param stack_top The address of the thread's stack top
     * @param owner_process The parent process for the thread, if null, it's a kernel thread
     * @return A shared pointer to the newly created thread
     */
    static ResultVal<std::shared_ptr<KThread>> Create(Core::System& system, ThreadType type_flags,
                                                      std::string name, VAddr entry_point,
                                                      u32 priority, u64 arg, s32 processor_id,
                                                      VAddr stack_top, Process* owner_process);

    /**
     * Creates and returns a new thread. The new thread is immediately scheduled
     * @param system The instance of the whole system
     * @param name The friendly name desired for the thread
     * @param entry_point The address at which the thread should start execution
     * @param priority The thread's priority
     * @param arg User data to pass to the thread
     * @param processor_id The ID(s) of the processors on which the thread is desired to be run
     * @param stack_top The address of the thread's stack top
     * @param owner_process The parent process for the thread, if null, it's a kernel thread
     * @param thread_start_func The function where the host context will start.
     * @param thread_start_parameter The parameter which will passed to host context on init
     * @return A shared pointer to the newly created thread
     */
    static ResultVal<std::shared_ptr<KThread>> Create(
        Core::System& system, ThreadType type_flags, std::string name, VAddr entry_point,
        u32 priority, u64 arg, s32 processor_id, VAddr stack_top, Process* owner_process,
        std::function<void(void*)>&& thread_start_func, void* thread_start_parameter);

    std::string GetName() const override {
        return name;
    }

    void SetName(std::string new_name) {
        name = std::move(new_name);
    }

    std::string GetTypeName() const override {
        return "Thread";
    }

    static constexpr HandleType HANDLE_TYPE = HandleType::Thread;
    HandleType GetHandleType() const override {
        return HANDLE_TYPE;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the thread's current priority
     * @return The current thread's priority
     */
    [[nodiscard]] s32 GetPriority() const {
        return current_priority;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the thread's current priority.
     * @param priority The new priority.
     */
    void SetPriority(s32 priority) {
        current_priority = priority;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the thread's nominal priority.
     * @return The current thread's nominal priority.
     */
    [[nodiscard]] s32 GetBasePriority() const {
        return base_priority;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the thread's nominal priority.
     * @param priority The new priority.
     */
    void SetBasePriority(u32 priority);

    /// Changes the core that the thread is running or scheduled to run on.
    [[nodiscard]] ResultCode SetCoreAndAffinityMask(s32 new_core, u64 new_affinity_mask);

    /**
     * Gets the thread's thread ID
     * @return The thread's ID
     */
    [[nodiscard]] u64 GetThreadID() const {
        return thread_id;
    }

    /// Resumes a thread from waiting
    void Wakeup();

    ResultCode Start();

    virtual bool IsSignaled() const override;

    /// Cancels a waiting operation that this thread may or may not be within.
    ///
    /// When the thread is within a waiting state, this will set the thread's
    /// waiting result to signal a canceled wait. The function will then resume
    /// this thread.
    ///
    void CancelWait();

    void SetSynchronizationResults(KSynchronizationObject* object, ResultCode result);

    void SetSyncedObject(KSynchronizationObject* object, ResultCode result) {
        SetSynchronizationResults(object, result);
    }

    ResultCode GetWaitResult(KSynchronizationObject** out) const {
        *out = signaling_object;
        return signaling_result;
    }

    ResultCode GetSignalingResult() const {
        return signaling_result;
    }

    /**
     * Stops a thread, invalidating it from further use
     */
    void Stop();

    /*
     * Returns the Thread Local Storage address of the current thread
     * @returns VAddr of the thread's TLS
     */
    VAddr GetTLSAddress() const {
        return tls_address;
    }

    /*
     * Returns the value of the TPIDR_EL0 Read/Write system register for this thread.
     * @returns The value of the TPIDR_EL0 register.
     */
    u64 GetTPIDR_EL0() const {
        return tpidr_el0;
    }

    /// Sets the value of the TPIDR_EL0 Read/Write system register for this thread.
    void SetTPIDR_EL0(u64 value) {
        tpidr_el0 = value;
    }

    /*
     * Returns the address of the current thread's command buffer, located in the TLS.
     * @returns VAddr of the thread's command buffer.
     */
    VAddr GetCommandBufferAddress() const;

    ThreadContext32& GetContext32() {
        return context_32;
    }

    const ThreadContext32& GetContext32() const {
        return context_32;
    }

    ThreadContext64& GetContext64() {
        return context_64;
    }

    const ThreadContext64& GetContext64() const {
        return context_64;
    }

    bool IsKernelThread() const {
        return type == ThreadType::Kernel;
    }

    bool WasRunning() const {
        return was_running;
    }

    void SetWasRunning(bool value) {
        was_running = value;
    }

    std::shared_ptr<Common::Fiber>& GetHostContext();

    ThreadState GetState() const {
        return thread_state & ThreadState::Mask;
    }

    ThreadState GetRawState() const {
        return thread_state;
    }

    void SetState(ThreadState state);

    s64 GetLastScheduledTick() const {
        return last_scheduled_tick;
    }

    void SetLastScheduledTick(s64 tick) {
        last_scheduled_tick = tick;
    }

    u64 GetTotalCPUTimeTicks() const {
        return total_cpu_time_ticks;
    }

    void UpdateCPUTimeTicks(u64 ticks) {
        total_cpu_time_ticks += ticks;
    }

    s32 GetProcessorID() const {
        return processor_id;
    }

    s32 GetActiveCore() const {
        return GetProcessorID();
    }

    void SetProcessorID(s32 new_core) {
        processor_id = new_core;
    }

    void SetActiveCore(s32 new_core) {
        processor_id = new_core;
    }

    Process* GetOwnerProcess() {
        return owner_process;
    }

    const Process* GetOwnerProcess() const {
        return owner_process;
    }

    const MutexWaitingThreads& GetMutexWaitingThreads() const {
        return wait_mutex_threads;
    }

    KThread* GetLockOwner() const {
        return lock_owner;
    }

    void SetLockOwner(KThread* owner) {
        lock_owner = owner;
    }

    u32 GetIdealCore() const {
        return ideal_core;
    }

    const KAffinityMask& GetAffinityMask() const {
        return affinity_mask;
    }

    ResultCode SetActivity(ThreadActivity value);

    /// Sleeps this thread for the given amount of nanoseconds.
    ResultCode Sleep(s64 nanoseconds);

    s64 GetYieldScheduleCount() const {
        return schedule_count;
    }

    void SetYieldScheduleCount(s64 count) {
        schedule_count = count;
    }

    bool IsRunning() const {
        return is_running;
    }

    void SetIsRunning(bool value) {
        is_running = value;
    }

    bool IsWaitCancelled() const {
        return is_sync_cancelled;
    }

    void ClearWaitCancelled() {
        is_sync_cancelled = false;
    }

    Handle GetGlobalHandle() const {
        return global_handle;
    }

    bool IsCancellable() const {
        return is_cancellable;
    }

    void SetCancellable() {
        is_cancellable = true;
    }

    void ClearCancellable() {
        is_cancellable = false;
    }

    bool IsTerminationRequested() const {
        return will_be_terminated || GetRawState() == ThreadState::Terminated;
    }

    bool IsPaused() const {
        return pausing_state != 0;
    }

    bool IsContinuousOnSVC() const {
        return is_continuous_on_svc;
    }

    void SetContinuousOnSVC(bool is_continuous) {
        is_continuous_on_svc = is_continuous;
    }

    bool HasExited() const {
        return has_exited;
    }

    class QueueEntry {
    public:
        constexpr QueueEntry() = default;

        constexpr void Initialize() {
            prev = nullptr;
            next = nullptr;
        }

        constexpr KThread* GetPrev() const {
            return prev;
        }
        constexpr KThread* GetNext() const {
            return next;
        }
        constexpr void SetPrev(KThread* thread) {
            prev = thread;
        }
        constexpr void SetNext(KThread* thread) {
            next = thread;
        }

    private:
        KThread* prev{};
        KThread* next{};
    };

    QueueEntry& GetPriorityQueueEntry(s32 core) {
        return per_core_priority_queue_entry[core];
    }

    const QueueEntry& GetPriorityQueueEntry(s32 core) const {
        return per_core_priority_queue_entry[core];
    }

    s32 GetDisableDispatchCount() const {
        return disable_count;
    }

    void DisableDispatch() {
        ASSERT(GetDisableDispatchCount() >= 0);
        disable_count++;
    }

    void EnableDispatch() {
        ASSERT(GetDisableDispatchCount() > 0);
        disable_count--;
    }

    void SetWaitReasonForDebugging(ThreadWaitReasonForDebugging reason) {
        wait_reason_for_debugging = reason;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] ThreadWaitReasonForDebugging GetWaitReasonForDebugging() const {
        return wait_reason_for_debugging;
    }

    void SetWaitObjectsForDebugging(const std::span<KSynchronizationObject*>& objects) {
        wait_objects_for_debugging.clear();
        wait_objects_for_debugging.reserve(objects.size());
        for (const auto& object : objects) {
            wait_objects_for_debugging.emplace_back(object);
        }
    }

    [[nodiscard]] const std::vector<KSynchronizationObject*>& GetWaitObjectsForDebugging() const {
        return wait_objects_for_debugging;
    }

    void SetMutexWaitAddressForDebugging(VAddr address) {
        mutex_wait_address_for_debugging = address;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] VAddr GetMutexWaitAddressForDebugging() const {
        return mutex_wait_address_for_debugging;
    }

    void AddWaiter(KThread* thread);

    void RemoveWaiter(KThread* thread);

    [[nodiscard]] KThread* RemoveWaiterByKey(s32* out_num_waiters, VAddr key);

    [[nodiscard]] VAddr GetAddressKey() const {
        return address_key;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] u32 GetAddressKeyValue() const {
        return address_key_value;
    }

    void SetAddressKey(VAddr key) {
        address_key = key;
    }

    void SetAddressKey(VAddr key, u32 val) {
        address_key = key;
        address_key_value = val;
    }

private:
    static constexpr size_t PriorityInheritanceCountMax = 10;
    union SyncObjectBuffer {
        std::array<KSynchronizationObject*, Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax> sync_objects{};
        std::array<Handle,
                   Svc::ArgumentHandleCountMax*(sizeof(KSynchronizationObject*) / sizeof(Handle))>
            handles;
        constexpr SyncObjectBuffer() {}
    };
    static_assert(sizeof(SyncObjectBuffer::sync_objects) == sizeof(SyncObjectBuffer::handles));

    struct ConditionVariableComparator {
        struct LightCompareType {
            u64 cv_key{};
            s32 priority{};

            [[nodiscard]] constexpr u64 GetConditionVariableKey() const {
                return cv_key;
            }

            [[nodiscard]] constexpr s32 GetPriority() const {
                return priority;
            }
        };

        template <typename T>
        requires(
            std::same_as<T, KThread> ||
            std::same_as<T, LightCompareType>) static constexpr int Compare(const T& lhs,
                                                                            const KThread& rhs) {
            const uintptr_t l_key = lhs.GetConditionVariableKey();
            const uintptr_t r_key = rhs.GetConditionVariableKey();

            if (l_key < r_key) {
                // Sort first by key
                return -1;
            } else if (l_key == r_key && lhs.GetPriority() < rhs.GetPriority()) {
                // And then by priority.
                return -1;
            } else {
                return 1;
            }
        }
    };

    Common::IntrusiveRedBlackTreeNode condvar_arbiter_tree_node{};

    using ConditionVariableThreadTreeTraits =
        Common::IntrusiveRedBlackTreeMemberTraitsDeferredAssert<
            &KThread::condvar_arbiter_tree_node>;
    using ConditionVariableThreadTree =
        ConditionVariableThreadTreeTraits::TreeType<ConditionVariableComparator>;

public:
    using ConditionVariableThreadTreeType = ConditionVariableThreadTree;

    [[nodiscard]] uintptr_t GetConditionVariableKey() const {
        return condvar_key;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] uintptr_t GetAddressArbiterKey() const {
        return condvar_key;
    }

    void SetConditionVariable(ConditionVariableThreadTree* tree, VAddr address, uintptr_t cv_key,
                              u32 value) {
        condvar_tree = tree;
        condvar_key = cv_key;
        address_key = address;
        address_key_value = value;
    }

    void ClearConditionVariable() {
        condvar_tree = nullptr;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] bool IsWaitingForConditionVariable() const {
        return condvar_tree != nullptr;
    }

    void SetAddressArbiter(ConditionVariableThreadTree* tree, uintptr_t address) {
        condvar_tree = tree;
        condvar_key = address;
    }

    void ClearAddressArbiter() {
        condvar_tree = nullptr;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] bool IsWaitingForAddressArbiter() const {
        return condvar_tree != nullptr;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] ConditionVariableThreadTree* GetConditionVariableTree() const {
        return condvar_tree;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] bool HasWaiters() const {
        return !waiter_list.empty();
    }

private:
    void AddSchedulingFlag(ThreadSchedFlags flag);
    void RemoveSchedulingFlag(ThreadSchedFlags flag);
    void AddWaiterImpl(KThread* thread);
    void RemoveWaiterImpl(KThread* thread);
    static void RestorePriority(KernelCore& kernel, KThread* thread);

    Common::SpinLock context_guard{};
    ThreadContext32 context_32{};
    ThreadContext64 context_64{};
    std::shared_ptr<Common::Fiber> host_context{};

    ThreadState thread_state = ThreadState::Initialized;

    u64 thread_id = 0;

    VAddr entry_point = 0;
    VAddr stack_top = 0;
    std::atomic_int disable_count = 0;

    ThreadType type;

    /// Nominal thread priority, as set by the emulated application.
    /// The nominal priority is the thread priority without priority
    /// inheritance taken into account.
    s32 base_priority{};

    /// Current thread priority. This may change over the course of the
    /// thread's lifetime in order to facilitate priority inheritance.
    s32 current_priority{};

    u64 total_cpu_time_ticks = 0; ///< Total CPU running ticks.
    s64 schedule_count{};
    s64 last_scheduled_tick{};

    s32 processor_id = 0;

    VAddr tls_address = 0; ///< Virtual address of the Thread Local Storage of the thread
    u64 tpidr_el0 = 0;     ///< TPIDR_EL0 read/write system register.

    /// Process that owns this thread
    Process* owner_process;

    /// Objects that the thread is waiting on, in the same order as they were
    /// passed to WaitSynchronization. This is used for debugging only.
    std::vector<KSynchronizationObject*> wait_objects_for_debugging;

    /// The current mutex wait address. This is used for debugging only.
    VAddr mutex_wait_address_for_debugging{};

    /// The reason the thread is waiting. This is used for debugging only.
    ThreadWaitReasonForDebugging wait_reason_for_debugging{};

    KSynchronizationObject* signaling_object;
    ResultCode signaling_result{RESULT_SUCCESS};

    /// List of threads that are waiting for a mutex that is held by this thread.
    MutexWaitingThreads wait_mutex_threads;

    /// Thread that owns the lock that this thread is waiting for.
    KThread* lock_owner{};

    /// Handle used as userdata to reference this object when inserting into the CoreTiming queue.
    Handle global_handle = 0;

    KScheduler* scheduler = nullptr;

    std::array<QueueEntry, Core::Hardware::NUM_CPU_CORES> per_core_priority_queue_entry{};

    u32 ideal_core{0xFFFFFFFF};
    KAffinityMask affinity_mask{};

    s32 ideal_core_override = -1;
    u32 affinity_override_count = 0;

    u32 pausing_state = 0;
    bool is_running = false;
    bool is_cancellable = false;
    bool is_sync_cancelled = false;

    bool is_continuous_on_svc = false;

    bool will_be_terminated = false;
    bool has_exited = false;

    bool was_running = false;

    bool signaled{};

    ConditionVariableThreadTree* condvar_tree{};
    uintptr_t condvar_key{};
    VAddr address_key{};
    u32 address_key_value{};
    s32 num_kernel_waiters{};

    using WaiterList = boost::intrusive::list<KThread>;
    WaiterList waiter_list{};
    WaiterList pinned_waiter_list{};

    std::string name;
};

} // namespace Kernel