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+#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
+\lyxformat 544
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+% that links to image floats jumps to the beginning
+% of the float and not to its caption
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+
+% the pages of the TOC is numbered roman
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+
+% increases link area for cross-references and autoname them
+% if you change the document language to e.g. French
+% you must change "extrasenglish" to "extrasfrench"
+% if you uncomment the following lines, you cannot use the reference version Ref+Text in LyX
+%\AtBeginDocument{%
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+\shortcut idx
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+\begin_layout Chapter
+Uvod
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Peer-to-peer omrežja za distribucijo datotek
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Izmenjava in distribucija velikih datotek na internetnih omrežjih veliki
+ količini odjemalcev predstavlja težavo, saj je v osnovi TCP/IP sklada protokolo
+v isto datoteko poslati tolikokrat, kolikor odjemalcev imamo.
+ Distributorji večjih količin podatkov na internetu se morajo zaradi centralizir
+anega modela infrastrukture strežnikov, kjer centraliziran strežnik posreduje
+ identične informacije večkrat večim odjemalcem, ki med seboj ne komunicirajo,
+ posluževati dragih metod kolokacije strežnikov.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Koncept P2P (angl.
+ peer-to-peer) predstavlja alternativen način distribucije identičnih datotek
+ večim odjemalcem.
+ Namesto enega strežnika, ki iste podatke pošlje vsakič znova odjemalcem,
+ v omrežjih P2P za distribucijo datotek ni razlike med strežnikom in odjemalcem.
+ Vsak odjemalec podatke tako prejema kot tudi pošilja.
+ Takoj ko odjemalec prejme vsebino od drugega odjemalca, jo bo tudi sam
+ začel deliti naprej drugim odjemalcem, ki to vsebino tudi sami iščejo.
+ S svojim sodelovanjem v distribuciji vsebine razbremeni ostale odjemalce,
+ ki datoteke distribuirajo prosilcem, saj so P2P omrežja izdelana tako,
+ da lahko odjemalci vsebino prejemajo od večih odjemalcev hkrati.
+ Čim več odjemalcev razpolaga z neko vsebino, tem manj podatkov mora poslati
+ posamezen odjemalec novemu odjemalcu, ki si to vsebino želi prenesti.
+ Tako se zmanjša obremenitev omrežja, saj je količina prenesenih podatkov
+ po omrežni topologiji čedalje bolj razporejena.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Sistem pa ni povsem brezhiben, saj je še vedno treba na nek zunanji način
+ med seboj povezati odjemalce, ki so zainteresirani za določeno temo (recimo
+ za določeno datoteko).
+ Druga očitna slabost pa je, da je možno ugotoviti, kdo prenaša kakšno vsebino,
+ ker odjemalci (neke datoteke) vedo za internetne naslove drugih odjemalcev,
+ saj lahko le tako neposredno čim bolj učinkovito komunicirajo z njimi.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Koncept P2P ni namenjen le distribuciji datotek, temveč se zaradi svoje
+ prednosti razbremenitve strežnikov dandanes vse pogosteje uporablja, na
+ primer pri spletnih videokonferencah, anonimizacijskih omrežjih, kriptovalutah,
+ internetu stvari in drugje.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Protokol BitTorrent
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Za distribucijo datotek morajo odjemalci za medsebojno komunikacijo uporabljati
+ standardiziran protokol za signalizacijo prenosov.
+ Eden izmed najbolj razvitih (citiraj) in uporabljenih protokolov je BitTorrent.
+ Prvo implementacijo je idejni avtor protokola izdelal leta 2001(citiraj),
+ od leta 2008 pa lahko z objavo dodatkov pri razvoju skupaj sodeluje širša
+ javnost(citiraj).
+ Zaradi razširljive zasnove je protokol namreč moč dopolnjevati in mu s
+ tem dodajati nove funkcije.
+ Sprva je na primer protokol omogočal le pospešeno distribucijo datotek
+ iz enega strežnika k več odjemalcem (citiraj), saj so si odjemalci koščke
+ vsebine delili med seboj, vendar je še vedno temeljil na centralnih strežnikih,
+ ki stalno gostijo datoteke in koordinirajo skupek odjemalcev, danes pa
+ omogoča (citiraj) od centraliziranih strežnikov povsem neodvisno delovanje,
+ prav z uporabo protokola DHT.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Za nadaljnji opis je potrebno poznavanje pojmov, ki jih uvede BitTorrent:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="8" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle" tabularwidth="100text%">
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+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="60text%">
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+
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+Pojem
+\end_layout
+
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+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Izvirno angleško ime
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
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+Razlaga
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+soležnik (citraj)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
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+peer
+\end_layout
+
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+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+odjemni program na računalniku ali računalnik, za povezavo nanj potrebujemo
+ njegov IP naslov in vrata
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+roj (citiraj)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+swarm
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+več soležnikov, ki prenašajo datoteke torrenta
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+torrent/metainfo (ni ustaljenega prevoda, neposredni prevod bi bil 
+\shape italic
+hudournik
+\shape default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+torrent ali metainfo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+strukturirana datoteka v obliki bencoding, ki vsebuje metapodatke o datotekah,
+ torej imena datotek, njihove velikosti, razporeditev po imenikih, zgoščene
+ vrednosti za preverjanje istovetnosti ob prenosu in drugo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+sledilnik (citiraj)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+tracker
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+centraliziran strežnik, ki hrani podatke o tem, kateri soležniki so v roju
+ določenega torrenta
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+košček (citiraj)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+piece
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+del vsebine torrenta konstantne dolžine
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+infohash (ni ustaljenega prevoda)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+infohash
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+zgoščena vrednost serializiranih podatkov pod ključem info v torrentu, ki
+ unikatno opišejo ključne metapodatke o torrentu
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+announce (ni ustaljenega prevoda, neposredni prevod bi bil 
+\shape italic
+obvestilo
+\shape default
+)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+announce ali ~ment
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+obvestilo ali obveščanje o obstoju soležnika za torrent, ki ga pošlje soležnik
+ bodisi sledilniku bodisi v DHT in s tem zagotovi, da bodo ostali soležniki
+ izvedeli za njegov obstoj in se potencialno povezali nanj
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nepopoln seznam pojmov BitTorrenta, potrebnih za razumevanje naloge
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+BitTorrent protokol ne omogoča iskanja po datotekah, ki se prenašajo po
+ omrežju.
+ Za prenos datoteke je najprej treba poznati metapodatke o obstoječih datotekah.
+ Ti metapodatki so shranjeni v t.
+ i.
+ obliki torrent, strojno berljivi datoteki, serializirani s preprosto serializac
+ijsko metodo bencoding.
+ Vsebujejo imena in poti datotek ter njihove zgoščene vrednosti, ime torrenta,
+ lastnosti prenosa: velikost koščka, ime, zasebnost (angl.
+ private torrent).
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+V nalogi se ne osredotočam na klasičen način iskanja soležnikov s sledilniki,
+ prav tako ne govorim o prenosu datotek od soležnikov ter o signalizaciji
+ za omejevanje pasovne širine prenosa (choking), temveč samo o prenosu metapodat
+kov.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Protokol BitTorrent DHT
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+DHT je kot koncept definiran zelo splošno, za BitTorrent je uporabljen sistem
+ DHT, imenovan Kademila.
+ Uporablja se odpravo odvisnosti od sledilnika, saj lahko v njej hranimo
+ seznam soležnikov v roju.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Float table
+wide false
+sideways false
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+\noindent
+\align center
+\begin_inset Tabular
+<lyxtabular version="3" rows="6" columns="3">
+<features tabularvalignment="middle" tabularwidth="100text%">
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+<column alignment="center" valignment="top" width="60text%">
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+
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+\end_layout
+
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+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
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+
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+Izvirno angleško ime
+\end_layout
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+\end_layout
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+<row>
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+vozlišče (citiraj)
+\end_layout
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+odjemni program na računalniku ali računalnik
+\end_layout
+
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+\end_layout
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+seznam vozlišč, ki ga hrani posamezno vozlišče
+\end_layout
+
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+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+ID vozlišča
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+node ID
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+160 bitov dolga naključno generirana številka, ki pripada vsakemu vozlišču
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+merilo za razdaljo
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+distance metric
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+funkcija (XOR), ki izrazi konceptualno razdaljo kot 160 bitov dolgo številko
+ med dvema vozliščema
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+<row>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+koš (citiraj)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+bucket
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+<cell alignment="center" valignment="top" topline="true" bottomline="true" leftline="true" rightline="true" usebox="none">
+\begin_inset Text
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+na posamezno vozlišče relativna množica drugih vozlišč, ki so si glede na
+ merilo za razdaljo blizu, shranjena v usmerjevalni tabeli
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+</cell>
+</row>
+</lyxtabular>
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\begin_inset Caption Standard
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+Nepopoln seznam pojmov Kademile, potrebnih za razumevanje naloge.
+ Za noben pojem nisem našel ustaljenih slovenskih prevodov.(citiraj)
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Kademilo, kot se uporablja v BitTorrentu, si lahko za začetek predstavljamo
+ kot abstraktno razpršilno tabelo, ki je shranjena porazdeljeno na velikem
+ omrežju vozlišč/računalnikov in podpira naslednji operaciji (citiraj):
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph
+Pridobi soležnike
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Vrne seznam soležnikov (IP naslov in vrata) za torrent, opisan z njegovim
+ infohashom.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Paragraph
+Announce
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+V seznam soležnikov za torrent, opisan z njegovim infohashom, vstavi IP
+ naslov in vrata pošiljatelja zahteve.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Cilj raziskovalne naloge je s sodelovanjem v DHT omrežju pridobiti čim več
+ obstoječih ključev v razpršilni tabeli, da lahko z operacijo 
+\series bold
+pridobi soležnike
+\series default
+ pridobimo sezname soležnikov, na katere se lahko povežemo in od njih prenesemo
+ metapodatke o torrentih, da lahko te podatke kot izvleček celotnega omrežja
+ kasneje uporabimo za analiziranje.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Section
+Obstoječe implementacije
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+Da je to pridobivanje mogoče, se ve že od vpeljave protokola DHT, saj obstaja
+ mnogo implementacij koncepta pridobivanja podatkov iz omrežja DHT za prenos
+ metapodatkov torrentov:
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Spletna stran in istoimenski program 
+\series bold
+Btdigg
+\series default
+ (citiraj)
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Spletna stran v kitajščini pod več imeni: 
+\series bold
+clzhizhu
+\series default
+.com, cilizhizhu, clzz1020.buzz, clzz1025.buzz, clzz1026.buzz idr.
+ Za obstoj te strani sem ugotovil med implementacijo programa, saj je njeno
+ iskanje invazivno in moti obstoječe delovanje DHT.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Itemize
+Spletna stran 
+\series bold
+I know what you download
+\series default
+ (citiraj), ki hrani najdene podatke o rojih in s tem razkrije identiteto
+ prenašalcev.
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Branch Standalone
+inverted 0
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset Note Note
+status open
+
+\begin_layout Plain Layout
+The contents of this branch is only output if this chapter is processed
+ on its own, i.
+\begin_inset space \thinspace{}
+\end_inset
+
+e., not from the master.
+ This allows you to have a bibliography and a nomenclature if you only want
+ to output this chapter.
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\begin_layout Standard
+\begin_inset CommandInset include
+LatexCommand include
+filename "Bibliography.lyx"
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_inset
+
+
+\end_layout
+
+\end_body
+\end_document